Efficacy of Ozone Gas against All Stages of Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) at Different Temperatures and Exposure Periods

Ozone efficacy (approximately of 600 Mg.hr-1) was evaluated against Red Flour Beetle’s (RFB, Tribolium castium (Herbst)) eggs, larvae, pupae and adults at different temperatures (35, 40 and 45 ° C) and exposure times (1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 hours) under laboratory. The control treatments included above thermal levels without ozone at the mentioned exposure periods. The results indicated ozone effectively suppressed hatching with increasing temperature. The hatch egg rates was reduced to 0 % in the treated treatments after 10 h at 45° C. However, mortality rates of RFB were increased with maximizing of the exposure time to ozone. After 10-h exposure to ozone at the lowest temperature 35˚ C, complete mortality (100%) or few survivals of RFB were recorded in the susceptible stages (larvae and adults). Also, the complete mortality of adults and larvae resulted after an exposure to ozone at 40 ° C for 10 hours, compared than the high survival rates at the pest’s stages at 30 and 40° C, even after 10 hours of monitoring time. However the exposure time which is required to 100% mortality was decreased to 4 hours at 45 ° C, comparing to the thermal treatment only (control) which needed more time (6 h) for 100% of mortality. In conclusion, ozone application showed the efficacy on the mortality at all stages of RFB and the temperature was a potential factor enhancing the application of ozone for RFB control.

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The Efficiency of Using Ozone Gas and Heat to Control Larvae and Adult Stage of Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.14.4.677-681 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 677-681

Author(s):

Baghdad Science Journal

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Tribolium Castaneum ◽

Exposure Time ◽

Adult Stage ◽

Total Mortality ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

High Heat ◽

Red Flour Beetle ◽

Two Stages ◽

Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

The effect of ozone gas with temperatures 35. 40 and 45 Celsius to control on larval and adult stages of Tribolium castaneum was tested and at time of exposure 1.0, 3.0, 7.0, 9.0, 11.0, 13.0 hours and the level of relative humidity prevailing during the test 45 ± 1%. Results showed significant differences between the exposure times, when the percentage of mortality 100% between larvae (primary, intermediate and advanced) in the treatment effect at a temperature of 35 Celsius with ozone gas at exposure time to 9.0, 11.0, 11.0 hours for the three ages respectively, and adult (male and female) in the same treatment when the three heat degrees had given ratios the total mortality reached 100% of both males at exposure time to 7.0 ,3.0, 1.0 hour respectively and females at exposure time 9.0 ,7.0 ,1.0 hour respectively, While completely failed under the effect of a heat treatment at temperatures of 35 Celsius for both stages respectively, while the effect was clear when the temperature is 45 Celsius where the of total mortality of 100% when the heat treatment of the stage of the larval and adult at the time 7.0, 3.1, 1.0 hour respectively. This means that the combined effect of ozone gas with temperatures has resulted in the reduction of the time needed to get the total mortality in both insect stages and significantly influential and that mortality rates in the two stages were increasingly higher degree of exposure used heat and high heat was the lead in reducing the time of exposure and even access to the total mortality.

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Effect of Nitrogen on Phosphine-Susceptible and -Resistant Populations of Stored Product Insects

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects11120885 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 885

Author(s):

Maria K. Sakka ◽

Fotini Gatzali ◽

Vaios T. Karathanos ◽

Christos G. Athanassiou

Keyword(s):

Sitophilus Oryzae ◽

Red Flour Beetle ◽

Oryzaephilus Surinamensis ◽

Low Oxygen ◽

Progeny Production ◽

Laboratory Populations ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Nitrogen Treatment ◽

Commercial Nitrogen ◽

Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

In this study, we evaluated nitrogen treatment on phosphine-resistant field and -susceptible laboratory populations of different stored product beetles. Nine trials were conducted in commercial nitrogen chambers with the O2 level set at 1.0%. Two different temperatures—i.e., 28 and 40 °C—and three exposure intervals—i.e., 2.5, 3 and 9 d—were used in our tests. Adults of the sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae); the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae); and the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) were used in the trials. The insects were placed in vials with different commodities per species and population, and their mortality was measured after the termination of each trial. Then, the vials were kept in incubator chambers at 25 °C and 65% relative humidity for 65 d to measure progeny production. Complete parental mortality was observed in all cases for O. surinamensis and S. oryzae, but there was some survival for T. castaneum at 28 °C and 3 d of exposure. In general, progeny production was completely (100%) suppressed, with some exceptions for all species and populations. The results indicate that low oxygen is effective for all species tested, regardless of their resistance status to phosphine, and can be further adopted as an alternative method to mitigate resistance in stored product beetles.

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Sex-Specific Long-Term Trends in Length of Hospital Stay, Postmenstrual Age at Discharge, and Survival in Very Low Birth Weight Infants

Neonatology ◽

10.1159/000515899 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Matthias Fröhlich ◽

Tatjana Tissen-Diabaté ◽

Christoph Bührer ◽

Stephanie Roll

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Very Low Birth Weight ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Length Of Hospital Stay ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Vlbw Infants ◽

Postmenstrual Age ◽

Over Time

Introduction: In very low birth weight (<1,500 g, VLBW) infants, morbidity and mortality have decreased substantially during the past decades, and both are known to be lower in girls than in boys. In this study, we assessed sex-specific changes over time in length of hospital stay (LOHS) and postmenstrual age at discharge (PAD), in addition to survival in VLBW infants. Methods: This is a single-center retrospective cohort analysis based on quality assurance data of VLBW infants born from 1978 to 2018. Estimation of sex-specific LOHS over time was based on infants discharged home from neonatal care or deceased. Estimation of sex-specific PAD over time was based on infants discharged home exclusively. Analysis of in-hospital survival was performed for all VLBW infants. Results: In 4,336 of 4,499 VLBW infants admitted from 1978 to 2018 with complete data (96.4%), survival rates improved between 1978–1982 and 1993–1997 (70.8 vs. 88.3%; hazard ratio (HR) 0.20, 95% confidence interval 0.14, 0.30) and remained stable thereafter. Boys had consistently higher mortality rates than girls (15 vs. 12%, HR 1.23 [1.05, 1.45]). Nonsurviving boys died later compared to nonsurviving girls (adjusted mean survival time 23.0 [18.0, 27.9] vs. 20.7 [15.0, 26.3] days). LOHS and PAD assessed in 3,166 survivors displayed a continuous decrease over time (1978–1982 vs. 2013–2018: LOHS days 82.9 [79.3, 86.5] vs. 60.3 [58.4, 62.1] days); PAD 40.4 (39.9, 40.9) vs. 37.4 [37.1, 37.6] weeks). Girls had shorter LOHS than boys (69.4 [68.0, 70.8] vs. 73.0 [71.6, 74.4] days) and were discharged with lower PAD (38.6 [38.4, 38.8] vs. 39.2 [39.0, 39.4] weeks). Discussion/Conclusions: LOHS and PAD decreased over the last 40 years, while survival rates improved. Male sex was associated with longer LOHS, higher PAD, and higher mortality rates.

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A Comparative Electrochemical and Morphological Investigation on the Behavior of NiCr and CoCr Dental Alloys at Various Temperatures

Metals ◽

10.3390/met11020256 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 256

Author(s):

Florentina Golgovici ◽

Mariana Prodana ◽

Florentina Gina Ionascu ◽

Ioana Demetrescu

Keyword(s):

Low Temperatures ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Electrochemical Stability ◽

Morphological Investigation ◽

Dental Alloys ◽

Ion Release ◽

Icp Ms ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Good Concordance ◽

Increasing Temperature

The purpose of our study is to compare the behavior of two reprocessed dental alloys (NiCr and CoCr) at different temperatures considering the idea that food and drinks in the oral cavity create various compositions at different pH levels; the novelty is the investigation of temperature effect on corrosion parameters and ion release of dental alloys. Electrochemical stability was studied together with morphology, elemental composition and ions release determination. The results obtained are in good concordance: electrochemistry studies reveal that the corrosion rate is increasing by increasing the temperature. From SEM coupled with EDS, the oxide film formed on the surface of the alloys is stable at low temperatures and a trend to break after 310K. ICP-MS results evidence that in accordance with increasing temperature, the quantities of ions released from the alloys immersed in artificial saliva also increase, though they still remain small, less than 20 ppm.

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Cognitive decline in patients with prostate cancer: study protocol of a prospective cohort, NEON-PC

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043844 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. e043844

Author(s):

Natalia Araujo ◽

Samantha Morais ◽

Ana Rute Costa ◽

Raquel Braga ◽

Ana Filipa Carneiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Androgen Deprivation Therapy ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Cardiovascular Complications ◽

Androgen Deprivation ◽

High Survival ◽

The Impact

IntroductionProstate cancer is the most prevalent oncological disease among men in industrialised countries. Despite the high survival rates, treatments are often associated with adverse effects, including metabolic and cardiovascular complications, sexual dysfunction and, to a lesser extent, cognitive decline. This study was primarily designed to evaluate the trajectories of cognitive performance in patients with prostate cancer, and to quantify the impact of the disease and its treatments on the occurrence of cognitive decline.MethodsParticipants will be recruited from two main hospitals providing care to approximately half of the patients with prostate cancer in Northern Portugal (Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto and São João Hospital Centre), and will comprise a cohort of recently diagnosed patients with prostate cancer proposed for different treatment plans, including: (1) radical prostatectomy; (2) brachytherapy and/or radiotherapy; (3) radiotherapy in combination with androgen deprivation therapy and (4) androgen deprivation therapy (with or without chemotherapy). Recruitment began in February 2018 and is expected to continue until the first semester of 2021. Follow-up evaluations will be conducted at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 years. Sociodemographic, behavioural and clinical characteristics, anxiety and depression, health literacy, health status, quality of life, and sleep quality will be assessed. Blood pressure and anthropometrics will be measured, and a fasting blood sample will be collected. Participants’ cognitive performance will be evaluated before treatments and throughout follow-up (Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Cube Test as well as Brain on Track for remote monitoring). All participants suspected of cognitive impairment will undergo neuropsychological tests and clinical observation by a neurologist.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the hospitals involved. All participants will provide written informed consent, and study procedures will be developed to ensure data protection and confidentiality. Results will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals and presentation in scientific meetings.

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Impact of Prolonged Exposure of Eleven Years to Hot Seawater on the Degradation of a Thermoset Composite

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13132154 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 2154

Author(s):

Amir Hussain Idrisi ◽

Abdel-Hamid I. Mourad ◽

Muhammad M. Sherif

Keyword(s):

Exposure Time ◽

Prolonged Exposure ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Matrix Cracking ◽

Pull Out ◽

Strength Based ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

River Line ◽

Composite Samples

This paper presents a long-term experimental investigation of E-glass/epoxy composites’ durability exposed to seawater at different temperatures. The thermoset composite samples were exposed to 23 °C, 45 °C and 65 °C seawater for a prolonged exposure time of 11 years. The mechanical performance as a function of exposure time was evaluated and a strength-based technique was used to assess the durability of the composites. The experimental results revealed that the tensile strength of E-glass/epoxy composite was reduced by 8.2%, 29.7%, and 54.4% after immersion in seawater for 11 years at 23 °C, 45 °C, and 65 °C, respectively. The prolonged immersion in seawater resulted in the plasticization and swelling in the composite. This accelerated the rate of debonding between the fibers and matrix. The failure analysis was conducted to investigate the failure mode of the samples. SEM micrographs illustrated a correlation between the fiber/matrix debonding, potholing, fiber pull-out, river line marks and matrix cracking with deterioration in the tensile characteristics of the thermoset composite.

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Rating knockdown of flour beetles after exposure to two insecticides as an indicator of mortality

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-78982-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Christos G. Athanassiou ◽

Nickolas G. Kavallieratos ◽

Frank H. Arthur ◽

Christos T. Nakas

Keyword(s):

Tribolium Castaneum ◽

Concrete Surface ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Red Flour Beetle ◽

Flour Beetle ◽

Insecticidal Effect ◽

Testing Period ◽

Flour Beetles ◽

Confused Flour Beetle ◽

Contact Insecticides

AbstractKnockdown and mortality of adults of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val, were assessed after exposure to two contact insecticides, chlorfenapyr and cyfluthrin, on a concrete surface. Individuals were rated on a scale for knockdown of exposed adults according to their mobility from 1, representing immobilized adults to 5, representing normally moving (similar to the controls). Only cyfluthrin gave immediate knockdown. Adults were rated at 1, 3 and 7 days post-exposure. After the final assessment, adults were discarded and the same procedure was repeated for 5 consecutive weeks with new adults exposed on the same treated surfaces. Despite initial knockdown, many individuals did not eventually die after exposure to cyfluthrin. In contrast, adults exposed to chlorfenapyr were not initially knocked down after exposure but most died after 7 days. These trends were similar during the entire 5-week residual testing period. The storage of the treated dishes in illuminated or non-illuminated conditions did not affect the insecticidal effect of either insecticide. The results of the present study can be further implemented towards the design of a “lethality index” that can serve as a quick indicator of knockdown and mortality rates caused after exposure to insecticides.

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Simulation of FDSOI-ISFET with Tunable Sensitivity by Temperature and Dual-Gate Structure

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics10131585 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (13) ◽

pp. 1585

Author(s):

Hanbin Wang ◽

Jinshun Bi ◽

Mengxin Liu ◽

Tingting Han

Keyword(s):

Gate Voltage ◽

Computer Aided Design ◽

Silicon On Insulator ◽

Fully Depleted ◽

Gate Structure ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Dual Gate ◽

Sensitivity Changes ◽

Increasing Temperature ◽

Aided Design

This work investigates the different sensitivities of an ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) based on fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (FDSOI). Using computer-aided design (TCAD) tools, the sensitivity of a single-gate FDSOI based ISFET (FDSOI-ISFET) at different temperatures and the effects of the planar dual-gate structure on the sensitivity are determined. It is found that the sensitivity increases linearly with increasing temperature, reaching 890 mV/pH at 75 °C. By using a dual-gate structure and adjusting the control gate voltage, the sensitivity can be reduced from 750 mV/pH at 0 V control gate voltage to 540 mV/pH at 1 V control gate voltage. The above sensitivity changes are produced because the Nernst limit changes with temperature or the electric field generated by different control gate voltages causes changes in the carrier movement. It is proved that a single FDSOI-ISFET can have adjustable sensitivity by adjusting the operating temperature or the control gate voltage of the dual-gate device.

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Correlation and prediction of solubility of hydrogen in alkenes and its dissolution properties

Applied Petrochemical Research ◽

10.1007/s13203-020-00260-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Jamali ◽

Amir Abbas Izadpanah ◽

Masoud Mofarahi

Keyword(s):

Equation Of State ◽

Binary Interaction ◽

Absolute Deviation ◽

Dissolution Properties ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Binary Interaction Parameters ◽

Delta G ◽

Hoff Equation ◽

Increasing Temperature ◽

Total Average

AbstractIn this work, solubility of hydrogen in some alkenes was investigated at different temperatures and pressures. Solubility values were calculated using the Peng–Robinson equation of state. Binary interaction parameters were calculated using fitting the equation of state on experimental data, Group contribution method and Moysan correlations and total average absolute deviation for these methods was 3.90, 17.60 and 13.62, respectively. Because hydrogen solubility in Alkenes is low, Henry’s law for these solutions were investigated, too. Results of calculation showed with increasing temperature, Henry’s constant was decreased. The temperature dependency of Henry’s constants of hydrogen in ethylene and propylene was higher than to other alkenes. In addition, using Van’t Hoff equation, the thermodynamic parameters for dissolution of hydrogen in various alkenes were calculated. Results indicated that the dissolution of hydrogen was spontaneous and endothermic. The total average of dissolution enthalpy ($${\Delta H}^{^\circ }$$ Δ H ∘ ) and Gibbs free energy ($${\Delta G}^{^\circ }$$ Δ G ∘ ) for these systems was 3.867 kJ/mol and 6.361 kJ/mol, respectively. But dissolution of hydrogen in almost of alkenes was not an entropy-driven process.

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Bone marrow niche crosses paths with BMPs: a road to protection and persistence in CML

Biochemical Society Transactions ◽

10.1042/bst20190221 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (5) ◽

pp. 1307-1325 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Caroline Busch ◽

Helen Wheadon

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ◽

Kinase Inhibitor ◽

Survival Rates ◽

High Survival ◽

Bone Marrow Niche ◽

Matrix Deposition ◽

Bmp Receptors ◽

Number Of Patients

Abstract Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a paradigm of precision medicine, being one of the first cancers to be treated with targeted therapy. This has revolutionised CML therapy and patient outcome, with high survival rates. However, this now means an ever-increasing number of patients are living with the disease on life-long tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy, with most patients anticipated to have near normal life expectancy. Unfortunately, in a significant number of patients, TKIs are not curative. This low-level disease persistence suggests that despite a molecularly targeted therapeutic approach, there are BCR-ABL1-independent mechanisms exploited to sustain the survival of a small cell population of leukaemic stem cells (LSCs). In CML, LSCs display many features akin to haemopoietic stem cells, namely quiescence, self-renewal and the ability to produce mature progeny, this all occurs through intrinsic and extrinsic signals within the specialised microenvironment of the bone marrow (BM) niche. One important avenue of investigation in CML is how the disease highjacks the BM, thereby remodelling this microenvironment to create a niche, which enables LSC persistence and resistance to TKI treatment. In this review, we explore how changes in growth factor levels, in particular, the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, impact on cell behaviour, extracellular matrix deposition and bone remodelling in CML. We also discuss the challenges in targeting LSCs and the potential of dual targeting using combination therapies against BMP receptors and BCR-ABL1.

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