scholarly journals SIMULATION OF THE MIXING PROCESS OF DIESEL AND BIOFUELS

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Irina Gunko
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Mixing Process ◽  
Complete Combustion ◽  
Pump Flow

The viscosity of a fuel depends on its hydrocarbon composition. Vegetable oil is considered an alternative to diesel fuel. Its high viscosity makes it difficult to consider as a commercial diesel fuel. Vegetable oil is lipids, fatty acid esters. They have a high calorific value and contain straight hydrocarbon chains, resulting in their relatively high cetane number. Viscosity and density determine the evaporation and mixing process in an engine, as they affect the shape and type of the fuel flame, the size of the droplets formed, and how they enter the combustion chamber. Low density and viscosity provide better fuel injection; with an increase in the diameter of the droplet, its complete combustion decreases, therefore, the specific fuel consumption increases and the smoke of the exhaust gases increases. The viscosity of the fuel affects the pump flow and fuel leakage through the piston pair clearance. As the viscosity decreases, the amount of diesel fuel leaks between the plunger and bushing increases, resulting in a decrease in pump flow. Converting the engine to a fuel with a lower density and viscosity will result in burnout of the piston head, so the fuel equipment needs to be adjusted. Plunger wear is viscosity dependent. It fuel is in the range of 1.8-7.0 mm2/s, which practically does not affect the durability of modern high-speed diesel equipment. Consider using vegetable rapeseed oil as an alternative to diesel fuel. Its viscosity can be reduced by chemically converting esterification to ethyl esters. When the cheese rapeseed oil is heated to 80 °C, it will give a viscosity value similar to that of commercial diesel. The mixing system will have an operating power equivalent to that of a diesel engine when heated to 40-50 °C.

Characteristics of injection of diesel fuel, rapeseed oil and their mixtures in diesel engines of various types

2021 ◽  
pp. 167-178
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
High Speed Diesel ◽  
Engine Type

The necessity of adapting diesel engines to work on vegetable oils is justified. The possibility of using rapeseed oil and its mixtures with petroleum diesel fuel as motor fuels is considered. Experimental studies of fuel injection of small high-speed diesel engine type MD-6 (1 Ch 8,0/7,5)when using diesel oil and rapeseed oil and computational studies of auto-tractor diesel engine type D-245.12 (1 ChN 11/12,5), working on blends of petroleum diesel fuel and rapeseed oil. When switching autotractor diesel engine from diesel fuel to rapeseed oil in the full-fuel mode, the mass cycle fuel supply increased by 12 %, and in the small-size high-speed diesel engine – by about 27 %. From the point of view of the flow of the working process of these diesel engines, changes in other parameters of the fuel injection process are less significant. Keywords diesel engine; petroleum diesel fuel; vegetable oil; rapeseed oil; high pressure fuel pump; fuel injector; sprayer

scholarly journals DESIGN OF A MOBILE BIO-DIESEL PRODUCTION FACILITY

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Drake ◽  
M. Jacques ◽  
D. Binkley ◽  
S. Barghi ◽  
R. O. Buchal
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Vacuum Filter ◽  
Production Facility ◽  
Operational Life ◽  
Used Vegetable Oil ◽  
Diesel Production

In 2004/2005, a team of mechanical engineering students undertook an interdisciplinary capstone design project to design a mobile bio-diesel production facility capable of converting 500 L/h of used vegetable oil or animal tallow into bio-diesel fuel. Bio-diesel fuel has negligible sulfur content and significantly reduces the emission of particulate matter, e.g. soot and carbon monoxide, compared to the combustion of conventional diesel fuel. Furthermore, bio-diesel fuel is biodegradable, nontoxic, and can be produced from renewable feedstock. The mobile facility is capable of taking used vegetable oil from different sources and processing the oil while in motion, eliminating costs associated with transportation, land use and construction. A special filter was designed to remove any major particulate matter as well as wax-like substances formed by heating of the cooking oil during its operational life. A rotary vacuum filter was designed to continuously of remove wax and solid particles accumulated on the filter cloth. The wax and solid wastes, which are organic compounds, are readily converted to useful light organic molecules through a subsequent gasification process. A transesterification process was applied using methanol as a solvent and sodium hydroxide as a catalyst. A mix of unrefined bio-diesel fuel and glycerol, which is produced by transestrification, is sent to a glycerol separating tower. The separator was designed to efficiently separate bio-diesel fuel from glycerol. The bio-diesel fuel is neutralized by weak acid solution and washed by water to remove impurities. High-speed mixers were designed to create maximum contact between phases for efficient separation. The mobile facility is subject to vibration, which was considered in every aspect of the design. The facility will be powered by bio-diesel fuel, and heat recovery and water recycling were considered to minimize energy requirements. The project culminated in a final design report containing detailed engineering analysis and a comprehensive set of working drawings.

scholarly journals Rapeseed Oil Monoester of Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether as a New Biodiesel

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Dayong ◽  
Wang Xuanjun ◽  
Liu Shuguang ◽  
Guo Hejun
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Ester Group ◽  
Monomethyl Ether ◽  
Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether ◽  
Glycol Monomethyl Ether ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Hc Emissions

A novel biodiesel named rapeseed oil monoester of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether is developed. This fuel has one more ester group than the traditional biodiesel. The fuel was synthesized and structurally identified through FT-IR and P1PH NMR analyses. Engine test results show that when a tested diesel engine is fueled with this biodiesel in place of 0# diesel fuel, engine-out smoke emissions can be decreased by 25.0%–75.0%, CO emissions can be reduced by 50.0%, and unburned HC emissions are lessened significantly. However, NOx emissions generally do not change noticeably. In the area of combustion performance, both engine in-cylinder pressure and its changing rate with crankshaft angle are increased to some extent. Rapeseed oil monoester of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether has a much higher cetane number and shorter ignition delay, leading to autoignition 1.1°CA earlier than diesel fuel during engine operation. Because of certain amount of oxygen contained in the new biodiesel, the engine thermal efficiency is improved 13.5%–20.4% when fueled with the biodiesel compared with diesel fuel.

scholarly journals Modeling of the optimal component composition of biodiesel fuel

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-320
Author(s):  
D. V. Varnakov ◽  
S. A. Simachkov ◽  
V. V. Varnakov
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Optimal Ratio ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Percentage Ratio

The article presents the results of study to determine the component composition of rape-based biodiesel. Modeling of the optimal component composition taking into account low-temperature properties and cetane number was carried out. According to the studies, mathematical models of changes in the low-temperature properties of biodiesel fuel depending on the percentage of rapeseed oil were obtained, the optimal ratio of its components was determined and justified. The tests were conducted in 2012-2019. The studied temperature limits correspond to the extreme temperature values of the central and southern regions of the Russian Federation. The second important task was to determine the optimal ratio of diesel fuel and rapeseed oil while meeting the requirements of GOST R52368-05 for the cetane number of biodiesel fuel. Studies of the optimal percentage ratio of rapeseed oil and diesel fuel per cetane number showed that biodiesel, which contains rapeseed oil in a concentration of up to 30 %, meets the requirements of GOST R52368-05 (EN 590:2009). Certified equipment was used in the studies, and the methodology met the requirements of the state standard for their implementation. To solve the problem of determining the optimal ratio of biodiesel components, a methodology for assessing temperature and cetane number properties, as well as foreign scientific literature was analyzed in the field of research data. According to the results of the research, hypotheses were put forward that the lowtemperature properties and cetane number of biodiesel fuel change with an increase in the proportion of rapeseed oil in it, as well as the possibility of mathematical modeling of its optimal component composition corresponding to environmental temperature conditions during operation of the equipment. The reliability of the approximation of the obtained dependences was 0.83...0.91 when studying the low-temperature properties of biodiesel samples within the specified temperatures from -40 to 0 °C.

Experimental Investigation of Microexplosion Phenomena in Emulsified Vegetable Oil-Methanol Blends

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge L. Alvarado ◽  
Hyungseok Nam
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Acoustic Signal ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Complete Combustion ◽  
Secondary Atomization

Secondary atomization is one of the most attractive and misunderstood effects in the combustion of microemulsified fuel blends. The occurrence of secondary atomization has been studied to determine its effects on improved combustion efficiency especially when low vapor pressure fuels are used. Several methods to detect microexplosion as alternative to secondary atomization have been considered including acoustic signal processing. As part of the physical characterization of an emulsified vegetable oil-methanol blend, microexplosion behavior of fuel blend droplets has been observed to take place under certain environmental conditions. Droplets microexplode as methanol surrounded by vegetable oil molecules flashes or microexplodes under intense temperature and intense droplet pressure. The droplets of emulsified methanol-in-oil break up forming tiny droplets with greater surface-to-volume ratio in the process. To understand the effects of emulsification on microexplosion, characterization of secondary atomization has been performed using a temperature probe, a high-speed camera and an acoustic sound signal processor. Experiments have been conducted at temperatures similar to those encountered in liquid fuel boilers. The acoustic signal data were analyzed using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to define and understand the overall microexplosion process. Also, the effect of temperature, droplet sizes and the percentage of methanol in the vegetable oil blend have been studied to understand what leads to a higher probability of microexplosion occurrence. A correlation between the analyzed acoustic signal data and high speed images were used to differentiate between the different microexplosion events. The results of the study can be useful in predicting the occurrence of microxplosion in liquid fuel boiler which should result in more complete combustion processes, reducing contaminant levels significantly.

The emissions and the performance of diethyl succinate in a diesel fuel blend

2017 ◽  
Vol 231 (14) ◽  
pp. 1889-1899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhodri W Jenkins ◽  
Chris D Bannister ◽  
Christopher J Chuck
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Hydrocarbon Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Complete Combustion ◽  
Total Hydrocarbon ◽  
Diethyl Succinate

The finite natures of fossil fuels and their contributions to anthropogenic climate change are driving the development of biofuels. However, because of the inherent issues with current biofuels, such as ethanol and biodiesel, innovative replacements are being increasingly sought. Recently, four esters produced from fermentation, namley diethyl succinate, dibutyl succinate, dibutyl fumarate and dibutyl malonate, were reported to have suitable physical properties as a substitute for conventional diesel fuel. Although the physical properties are indicative of the fuel behaviour, the determination of the combustion emissions and the performance of a fuel using controlled engine testing is vital. In this investigation, the engine performance and emissions produced from the most viable fuel, namely diethyl succinate, were examined. Diethyl succinate was blended with diesel in a 20 vol % blend, owing to the low cetane number of diethyl succinate, and the emissions established in pseudo-steady-state conditions using a 2.0 L turbocharged direct-injection EURO 3-compliant light commercial vehicle equipped with a direct-injection common-rail diesel engine. When using the diesel–20 vol % diethyl succinate blend, the fuel demand and the wheel force were higher for the majority of engine speeds than those of diesel, whereas the exhaust gas temperatures were lower. The difference between the exhaust gas temperature for the diesel–20 vol % diethyl succinate blend and that for diesel increased with increasing pedal demand. In comparison with the carbon monoxide emissions from petroleum-derived diesel, the carbon monoxide emissions obtained when using the diesel–20 vol % diethyl succinate blend were reduced, most probably because of more complete combustion due to the increased oxygen content. However, the total hydrocarbon emissions and the mono-nitrogen oxide emissions were shown to increase on using the diethyl succinate blend. Both of these factors were presumably due to the lower cetane number of the fuel, although the increase in the total hydrocarbon emissions was deemed negligible because of the low amount produced by both fuels.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Effect on Oxidation Stability of Blend Fish Oil Biodiesel with Vegetable Oil Biodiesel and Petroleum Diesel Fuel

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
M. Hossain ◽  
S.M.A Sujan ◽  
M.S. Jamal
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Oxidation Stability ◽  
Stability Behavior ◽  
Rancimat Method ◽  
Effective Antioxidant ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Low Sulfur

Two different phenolic synthetic antioxidants were used to improve the oxidation stability of fish oil biodiesel blends with vegetable oil biodiesel and petroleum diesel. Butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) most effective for improvement of the oxidation stability of petro diesel, whereas  tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) showed good performance in fish oil biodiesel. Fish oil/Rapeseed oil biodiesel mixed showed some acceptable results in higher concentration ofantioxidants. TBHQ showed better oxidation stability than BHT in B100 composition. In fish oil biodiesel/diesel mixed fuel, BHT was more effective antioxidant than TBHQ to increase oxidationstability because BHT is more soluble than TBHQ. The stability behavior of biodiesel/diesel blends with the employment of the modified Rancimat method (EN 15751). The performance ofantioxidants was evaluated for treating fish oil biodiesel/Rapeseed oil biodiesel for B100, and blends with two type diesel fuel (deep sulfurization diesel and automotive ultra-low sulfur or zero sulfur diesels). The examined blends were in proportions of 5, 10, 15, and 20% by volume of fish oilbiodiesel.

scholarly journals Research of Parameters of a Compression Ignition Engine Using Various Fuel Mixtures of Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) and Fatty Acid Esters (FAE)

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3077
Author(s):  
Oleksandra Shepel ◽  
Jonas Matijošius ◽  
Alfredas Rimkus ◽  
Kamil Duda ◽  
Maciej Mikulski
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Fuel Mixtures

The present study is aimed at studying the energy and environmental performance at various engine loads (BMEP) with identical start of injection (SOI) for all fuel types. The combustion parameters for the fuel mixtures were analyzed using the AVL BOOST software (BURN subroutine). Five different blends were tested, consisting completely of renewable raw materials based on hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) and fatty acid methyl ester (FE100), and the properties of diesel fuel (D) were compared with respect to these blends. The mixtures were mixed in the following proportions: FE25 (FE25HVO75), FE50 (FE50HVO50), FE75 (FE75HVO25). In this study, diesel exhaust was found to produce higher NOx values compared to FE blends, with HVO being the lowest. Hydrocarbon and smoke emissions were also significantly lower for blends than for diesel. Possible explanations are the physical properties and fatty acid composition of fuel mixtures, affecting injection and further combustion. The results showed that blends containing more unsaturated fatty acids release more nitrogen oxides, thus having a lower thermal efficiency compared to HVO. No essential differences in CO emissions between D and HVO were observed. An increase in this indicator was observed at low loads for mixtures with ester. CO2 was reduced in emissions for HVO compared to the aforementioned blends and diesel. The results of the combustion analysis show that with a high content of unsaturated fatty acids, mixtures have a longer combustion time than diesel fuel.

scholarly journals Improving the Technology Synthesis and Properties of Biodiesel

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-269
Author(s):  
V. Ribun ◽  
S. Kurta ◽  
T. Gromovy ◽  
O. Khatsevich
Keyword(s):  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Diesel Fuels ◽  
Motor Fuels ◽  
Natural Oil ◽  
High Degree

Existing technologies for the synthesis of active additives to motor fuels are quite complicated. Therefore,improvement of the technology of biodiesel fuel synthesis in order to increase the cetane number and andimprovement of other diesel fuel characteristics with combustion activators is an urgent problem. Raw materialsfor the biodiesel production are vegetable oils methanol and ethanol with the alkaline or acid catalyst usage. Theuse of ethyl esters of long-chain fatty acids of rapeseed oil as biodiesel has a number of advantages comparedwith the methyl ester use [2]. Thus, biodiesel fuel was synthesized by transesterification of rapeseed oil withabsolute ethanol (99.9 %), which was dehydrated with calcium oxide (95 %) freshly prepared, using sodiumethoxide as a catalyst [3]. In order to achieve a high degree of mixing of a heterogeneous system, which consistsof natural oil and ethyl alcohol, a specially synthesized non-ionic emulsifier was used as a reagent. Thetechnological features of this type of a rapeseed oil transesterification process were studied and the maincharacteristics of the new diesel fuels such as fractional composition and molecular mass were estimated usingthe chromatographic method and mass spectrometry. The yield of biodiesel from rapeseed oil increases from 85 -90 % to 95 – 98 % without waste fraction of glycerol (10 – 15 %).

Effect of Air Movement to Spray Development of Rapeseed Oil in Diesel Engine

2014 ◽  
Vol 554 ◽  
pp. 479-483
Author(s):  
Azwan Sapit ◽  
Mohd Azahari ◽  
Mas Fawzi ◽  
Amir Khalid ◽  
Bukhari Manshoor
Keyword(s):  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Spray Atomization ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Mixing Process ◽  
Important Process ◽  
Air Movement ◽  
Air Mixing ◽  
Atomization Characteristics

Fuel-air mixing is important process in diesel combustion. Generally there a two air mixing strategy, which is slow fuel – fast air mixing and fast fuel – slow air mixing. Air movement inside the combustion chamber greatly affect the mixing process and made effective fuel air mixing possible. Biomass fuel needs great help of mixing to atomization because the fuel has high viscosity and high distillation temperature. This study investigates the effect of air movement to spray development and atomization characteristics of rapeseed oil (RO). Optical observation of RO spray was carried out using shadowgraph photography technique and also using high speed camera. The results show that fast air movement effectively promotes RO spray atomization, with the RO spray expand outward from the main body through the whole spray length, which suggests fuel dispersion due to fast air movement.

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