LABOR FORCE RECRUITMENT TO THE OECD AND MIDDLE EASTERN COUNTRIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN: TRENDS, MECHANISMS, CONSEQUENCES

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 096-111
Author(s):  
Sergey Ryazantsev ◽  
Abubakr Rakhmonov
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
English Language ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Labor Migrant ◽  
Work Permit

The article examines the trends in labor migration from Tajikistan. Although Russia and Kazakhstan remain the main labor migration destinations for Tajiks, emigration from Tajikistan to OECD countries is becoming increasingly more noticeable. New Tajik communities are actively forming in the OECD countries, potentially becoming networks of attraction for new migrants in the near future. The forms of labor migrant recruitment in Tajikistan, including digital technologies, are examined. Despite Tajikistan’s attempts to regulate labor migration more actively on the basis of bilateral agreements with OECD countries, Russia still remains attractive for Tajik labor migrants. So far, Russia’s competitive advantages are the absence of a language barrier, the absence of the need to obtain a visa and work permit, a common mentality, and the prospects for obtaining citizenship. However, the rigidity of migration policy and the drop in wages in Russia are potential negative factors that will contribute to the reversal of some of the labor migrant flows from Tajikistan in favor of the OECD countries. Also, the active participation of intermediaries in migrant employment, as well as the OECD countries’ active policy that aims to attract labor migrants will lead to Russia’s loss of a significant part of Tajikistan’s migration potential. The possibility of reorientation of a part of labor emigrants to OECD countries is becoming feasible due to the widespread study of the English language in Tajikistan and the cutbacks in teaching the Russian language, the active development of private and state labor force recruiting systems.

scholarly journals Trends and strategies of labor emigration from Tajikistan to OECD countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-168
Author(s):  
Abubakr K. Rakhmonov ◽  
Roman V. Manshin
Keyword(s):  
Labor Migration ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Refugee Status ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Vocational Qualifications ◽  
Future Networks ◽  
Seasonal Labor ◽  
Cis Countries

The article discusses the trends and strategies of labor emigration from Tajikistan to OECD countries. Waves and types of emigration from Tajikistan, adaptation of emigrants from Tajikistan to OECD countries. As well as the migration policy of the OECD countries in relation to immigrants from Tajikistan. Tajik labor migrants are becoming increasingly brighter than the prospect of getting a job not only in the CIS countries, but also in Europe, Asia and North America, where working conditions are better, and wages are much higher than in Russia and Kazakhstan. The OECD countries can rightfully be considered as new directions of Tajik emigration. An important feature of the tendency and strategy of labor emigration as a result of our research would be to note the combination of educational and vocational qualifications, resettlement and seasonal labor, labor migration - mostly unskilled and skilled with retraining and internship of labor migration from Tajikistan. Adaptation of immigrants is accompanied by some difficulties. The main one is job searches, which usually take several months. For the most part, the emigrants of Tajikistan consider Eastern Europe and Greece as countries of temporary residence, their main goal being moving to Western Europe (Austria, Germany, Scandinavian countries, etc.). There are cases of intentional destruction of their passports by Tajik migrants when they move to Germany with subsequent appeal to the authorities under the guise of refugees from Afghanistan, since both Tajiks and Afghans speak Farsi (Dari) to receive refugee status and corresponding benefits in Germany. In the OECD countries, new Tajik communities are being formed, which may become, in the near future, networks of attraction for new migrants from Tajikistan.

Labor Migration and Climate Change Adaptation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
JAMIE DRAPER
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Acceptable Alternative ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
The Normative Question ◽  
Do So

Social scientific evidence suggests that labor migration can increase resilience to climate change. For that reason, some have recently advocated using labor migration policy as a tool for climate adaptation. This paper engages with the normative question of whether, and under what conditions, states may permissibly use labor migration policy as a tool for climate adaptation. I argue that states may use labor migration policy as a tool for climate adaptation and may even have a duty to do so, subject to two moral constraints. First, states must also provide acceptable alternative options for adaptation so that the vulnerable are not forced to sacrifice their morally important interests in being able to remain where they are. Second, states may not impose restrictive terms on labor migrants to make accepting greater numbers less costly for themselves because doing so unfairly shifts the costs of adaptation onto the most vulnerable.

scholarly journals Estimation the Labor Force Replacement Demand in Ukraine, Caused by Its Outflow Due to the Age and Labor Migration

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. G. Sarioglo ◽  
М. Yu. Ogay
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Occupational Group ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Total Labor ◽  
Stock Flow

The article describes an effective approach to the anticipation of the labor force demand caused by the need to it replace (the replacement demand). The emphasis is made on estimation the outflow of workforce due to the retirement and labor migration.  The importance of medium-term forecasting (for 10 years) of the labor force demand, caused by the need to replace the workers flowing out of the labor market as a whole and separate occupational or qualification groups in particular is justified in the Ukraine’s context. The data sources and methodological approaches to the anticipation of the replacement demand are highlighted. It is shown that the main source of data for the labor force replacement demand anticipation in Ukraine, like in many other countries, is the state labor force the sample survey. A serious problem for Ukraine is accounting of labor migration effects for the replacement demand, which is assessed by conducting ad hoc surveys. The main methods used in anticipation of the replacement demand are method of trend extrapolation, methods of pseudo-cohorts, and stock-flow modeling. These methods enable for assessing and accounting of not only the processes of outflow of the labor force due to the age, but also transitory processes reflected, inter alia, in changes of qualifications and/or professions by young people at the beginning of their carrier. A medium-term anticipation of the labor force demand in Ukraine, caused by outflow of the labor force due to the age and labor migration, is performed. It is shown that the replacement demand caused by outflow of the workers due to the age, accounts for a most significant part of the overall demand for workforce, making up in medium-term perspective nearly 13% of the total employment in 2017. The level of the demand has strong variations across occupational and qualification groups: in the occupational group “the simplest occupations”, the average annual demand caused by the outflow due to the age will be nearly 3.4% of the total employment. It is shown that the replacement demand in Ukraine by occupational group may substantially increase due to labor migration. Thus, the high replacement demand for workers in the simplest occupations is enhanced by the external labor migration of such workers, which share is nearly 42% of the total labor migrants. 

scholarly journals Methods of Ukrainian labor migrants reintegration in the context of state migration policy

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Liubomyr ROMAN
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The reintegration of migrant workers is the renewal and accelerated development of ties between the individual and the society, the economic and cultural systems, the restoration of the impact of the individual on socio-economic, socio-cultural and political processes and phenomena, increasing participation in the processes of sustainable development on the basis of introducing elements of economic culture countries of pre-migration. The methodological bases for improving the mechanisms of reintegration of labor migrants should be assessed on the basis of available political and legal support. The problem of labor migration has now taken on a national scale, which brings it out of the limits of the influence of any organization, cluster or individual state authority. The formulation of a strategy for regulating labor migration should be made on the basis of the status of this problem as a national one, therefore, requiring macroeconomic regulation, which will be supported by a strong institutional and regulatory framework. The purpose of the paper is to substantiate the method of reintegration of Ukrainian labor migrants in the context of state migration policy. Results. Theoretical aspects of reintegration of labor migrants are covered. The content analysis of the legal acts of the President of Ukraine is carried out. A number of significant legal acts that have or can have a significant impact on state migration policy are characterized. The peculiarities of the functioning of the central executive body, which implements the state policy in the sphere of migration, and the recent changes in determining the range of subjects of formation and implementation of the state policy in the sphere of labor migration are analyzed. The importance of regulating the issue of investments earned during the emigration of funds into the national economy is substantiated. Conclusion. According to the conducted research, the method of reintegration of Ukrainian labor migrants in the context of the state migration policy is formed under the influence of debates about the factors, directions and forms of support of the respective processes by the state authorities. We believe that the main disadvantage of reintegration institutional support is the lack of a unified approach to the role and importance of repatriates for the sustainable development of the national economy. In our opinion, this approach should be consolidated in the form of the Law of Ukraine with a clear definition of the subjects of assistance to repatriation and reintegration of labor migrants, as well as to strengthen with additional measures of informational, organizational character, tax privileges for investing the money earned abroad for search, development of employers of skilled migrant workers returning to Ukraine.

scholarly journals THE FEATURES OF LABOR EMIGRATION FROM THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (0) ◽  
pp. 271-277
Author(s):  
Adriana Grenčiková ◽  
Ilona Skačkauskienė ◽  
Jana Španková
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Population Composition ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
The Relationship

Migration is historically a social phenomenon that not only has a significant effect on politics, economics, and social aspects but also presents challenges to the security of states and alters population composition in countries. Labor migration and its investigation are becoming a society-wide phenomenon because of the labor force shortage as well as the aging population. The Slovak Republic is a country that faces the outflow of qualified workers abroad, and the country’s index of aging is one of the most dynamic in Europe. The current study aims at examining the relations and the reasons for emigration to work from the Slovak Republic. To identify the causes of labor emigration in the Slovak Republic, a survey was conducted to explore the decisions of people to emigrate for work, the duration of the stay abroad and the possibility of returning to Slovakia. This study also analyses the relationship between GDP growth and improvement of the economic situation in Slovakia, the number of labor emigrants, as well as the relationship between the minimum wage and the number of labor migrants.

scholarly journals Labor Migration from Ukraine to Poland: Regulatory Framework, Key Issues and Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Yaryna Turchyn ◽  
Teresa Astramowicz-Leyk ◽  
Olha Ivasechko
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Main Motive ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Donor State

The article deals with the conceptions of the international migration, focusing on the most relevant strategies in terms of migrant workers adaptation. The authors analyse the following conceptions: the “Pull/Push” theory, Adaptation (acculturation) Strategy, Relative Inequality Theory of Migration, the Human Capital Theory. Legal framework of Ukraine and Poland in the sphere of labor migration regulation, including set of legal acts, adopted by both countries in order to minimize possible negative outcomes caused by evolving migration flows have been analyzed. The main “pushing” migration factors of the donor countries and “pulling” factors of the recipients are clarified. The main motive for migrating to Poland is to form a so-called "airbag" for their families in Ukraine. The point is that thanks to remittances, clothes, food, etc., Ukrainian labor migrants form a sense of confidence in the future of their family members in the “era of poverty”, which is identified with the Ukrainian state. The positive and negative consequences of the migration flows intensification of Ukrainian workers for both Ukraine and Poland are highlighted. Future scenarios for modeling migration flows are shaped, namely: optimistic, pessimistic, and realistic and the Covid-19 migration pattern. Recommendations for strengthening the effectiveness of Ukrainian-Polish cooperation in solving of the labor migration problems are suggested. The assessment of the trends of current migration policy of Warsaw has been carried out in accordance with multilateral MIPEX Index. Thus, migration policy is assessing as the “equality in the paper” and is rating lower (40/100 points) than average indicator among EU-countries. The conclusions assert that migration policy should be based on the principle of “tripartism” and serve the donor state, the recipient state and the migrants themselves.

scholarly journals External Labor Migration from Ukraine: the Impact of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-40
Author(s):  
E. M. LIBANOVA ◽  
O. V. POZNIAK
Keyword(s):  
Labor Migration ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
Business Support ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

The article is devoted to the assessment of the impact of COVID-19 on the tendencies of external labor migration from Ukraine. The relevance of the work is due to the limited analytical research on population migration during the pandemic. Until the beginning of 2020, changes in the formation of external labor migration flows occurred mainly under the infl uence of the internal situation in the country and the transformation of Ukraine’s political relations with certain foreign countries, but under COVID-19, the trends of external labor migration from Ukraine have changed radically for reasons independent of the socio-economic situation in Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to assess the changes in the scale of labor migration due to COVID-19 and to determine the prospects for external labor migration of Ukrainians. Relevant analytical developments became the basis for the formation of recommendations for adjusting the migration policy of Ukraine in the pandemic and post-pandemic periods. The novelty of the study is to determine the impact of COVID-19 on the parameters of external labor migration from Ukraine and to assess probable perspective future transformations of migration trends. Abstract-logical and systema tic approaches, the method of expert assessments are used in the study. The analysis of the migration situation in Ukraine in recent years is carried out, the latest changes in the directions and scales of external labor migration are identifi ed. The tendencies of international population movement aft er the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic are analyzed. Prospects for external migration of the population of Ukraine are determined. The future of this process will depend on the pace of economic recovery in Europe and the world at large and the local demand for labor from other countries. It is probable that the employment structure of Ukrainian labor migrants will change by type of activity: migrants who were not employed in agriculture before the pandemic will not resume work so soon, and those who remained in the recipient countries will try to fi nd employment in agriculture and related activities. The geography of working trips will also change, and a new reorientation of some migrants is probable — from Eastern Europe to Western Europe, especially Germany and the United Kingdom, which are far ahead of traditional Ukrainian employment countries (Poland, the Czech Republic and even Italy) in terms of wages. A key element of the policy of keeping some migrants in Ukraine is a radical non-declarative change in the state’s attitude to small and medium-sized businesses. It is necessary to involve representatives of small and medium business to public policy, including policy of withdrawal from quarantine, business support. Eff ective business support programs should also be implemented, in particular following the example of EU countries. For those migrants who, even under the best conditions, are not interested in starting a business in Ukraine, a strategy is needed to ensure that, on the one hand, these people are not lost to Ukraine, and on the other hand, to get the most out of working with the diaspora. This will help both to improve the situation in the economy and to improve the image and strengthen Ukraine’s infl uence in the world.

LABOR MIGRANTS IN RUSSIA DURING THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Evgeny S. Krasinets ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Employment Policy ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
International Labor ◽  
The Impact

The article is devoted to the study of the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on international labor migration in modern Russia. Based on the use of official statistics and the results of sociological research, the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the recruitment and use of foreign workers is considered. Current and long-term strategies of labor migrants ' behavior in the domestic labor market are revealed. Special attention is paid to solving problems in the field of regulating labor immigration flows in the context of the way out of the stagnation and overcoming the consequences of coronavirus. The results of the study may be of interest to Russian authorities at the Federal and regional levels in the development and implementation of state migration policy and employment policy in the labor market.

scholarly journals External labor migration from Ukraine: causes, scale, consequences

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Viktoria Apalkova ◽  
Anna Lyzunova
Keyword(s):  
Labor Migration ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
International Labor ◽  
European Standards ◽  
The Government ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – to study the causes and consequences of migration processes. The results of the study. This article presents the results of an analysis of the dynamics and current state of labor migration processes in Ukraine. The authors evaluated the impact of international labor migration on the country's economy. The causes of labor migration, its positive and negative consequences are characterized. This study examines and summarizes the global experience in regulating external migration flows to foreign countries. The authors suggested directions for improving the system of regulation of external labor migration, as well as measures to promote on its of use as an important element of economic development based on the analysis. Practical implications. The results of this paper can become the basis for the formation of migration policy of Ukraine according with European standards. Originality/Value. This paper is expanded of  the concept of the main directions and the principles of state migration policy, which the government of Ukraine must adhere to when forming it, has been. Research limitations/Future research. It is advisable to direct further research towards a quantitative analysis of the composition, structure and national characteristics of labor migrants.   Paper type – empirical.  

Problems of social security of labor migrants in the new social environment

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Nurlan Abdrasulova ◽  
Nargiza Abdyrahman kyzy
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
The Individual

Interest in studying migration processes is caused by the current situation in Kyrgyz society. The socio-economic crisis of the Kyrgyz society, which led to market relations, unemployment, and poverty, affected the needs of individuals and family members. Mobilization of the family's internal capabilities in the conditions of recession was aimed at survival, preference of material well-being to spiritual values, which led to the development of labor migration within the country and abroad. The lack of social protection of migrant workers leads to the state not accepting their employment, and this is fraught with consequences for the individual, family and society as a whole. The trend of development of labor migration obliges to develop an effective strategy of the state's migration policy and mechanisms for social security of labor migrants. Migration processes with effective state policy can become a resource for optimizing social and economic problems of society and have a positive impact on both the country of departure and the state of employment. If they are not, they can contribute to the development of socio-economic, demographic, criminal, inter-ethnic and other problems on both sides.

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