Sesamin Modulation of Intestinal Microflora in Rats on High-Fat Diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-316
Author(s):  
Pan Liu ◽  
Yu Deng ◽  
Mengxi Wang ◽  
Lingyan Kong ◽  
Na Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Anaerobic Culture ◽  
High Fat ◽  
E Coli

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of sesamin on intestinal flora in rats on high-fat diet by in vitro animal fecal anaerobic culture system. Results showed that treatment with sesamin increased the abundance of Lactobacillus acidophilus and inhibited the growth of E. coli. High throughput sequencing analysis showed that treatment with sesamin increased the abundance of probiotics such as Lactobacillus and Flavonifractor, and decreased the abundance of harmful bacteria such as Bacteroides, Enterococcus, Clostridium_XlVa, and Parabacteroides. Moreover, treatment with sesamin increased the concentration of total short chain fatty acids (acetic acid and isovaleric acid). In conclusion, sesamin intervention improved the composition and abundance of intestinal microorganisms of high fat diet rats, which would be beneficial to intestinal health.

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Fat on the Metabolism of Energy and Nitrogen, Serum Parameters, Rumen Fermentation, and Microbiota in twin Hu Male Lambs

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjuan Li ◽  
Hui Tao ◽  
Naifeng Zhang ◽  
Tao Ma ◽  
Kaidong Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fat ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
High Fat

AbstractBackgroundFat is the main substance that provides energy to animals. However, the use of fat in twin Hu lambs has not been investigated. Thirty pairs of male twin lambs were examined to investigate the effects of dietary fat on the metabolism of energy and nitrogen, ruminal fermentation, and microbial communities. The twins are randomly allotted to two groups (high fat: HF, normal fat: NF). Two diets of equal protein and different fat levels. The metabolism test was made at 50-60 days of age. Nine pairs of twin lambs are slaughtered randomly, and the rumen fluid is collected at 60 days of age.ResultsThe initial body weight (BW) in the HF group did not differ from that of NF group (P > 0.05), but the final BW was tended to higher than that of NF group (0.05 < P < 0.1). The digestive energy (DE), metabolism energy (ME), DE/ME in the HF group tend to be higher than those in the NF group (0.05 < P < 0.1). Ruminal ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and the proportion of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) are higher than that in the NF group (P < 0.05). A high throughput sequencing analysis reveals that there were no differences between the two groups in terms of the richness estimates and diversity indices (P > 0.05). The Proteobacteria and Fibrobacteres phyla were higher than that in NF group (P<0.05).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that high fat diet before weaning can affect the abundance of several groups of rumen bacteria in rumen, such as significantly increasing phyla Proteobacteria and Fibrobacteres, and genera of Succinivibrio, Alloprevotella, and Saccharofermentans, but significantly decreasing genera of Clostridium IV, Dialister, Roseburia, and Butyrivibrio. And high fat diet improved the performance of lambs at weight gain, energy utilization, and had effect on VFA composition but no effects on serum enzymes and serum hormone.

scholarly journals Disentangling Host-Microbiota Regulation of Lipid Secretion by Enterocytes: Insights from Commensals Lactobacillus paracasei and Escherichia coli

mBio ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmaa Tazi ◽  
João Ricardo Araujo ◽  
Céline Mulet ◽  
Ellen T. Arena ◽  
Giulia Nigro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Lipid Secretion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Lipid Catabolism ◽  
Circulating Levels

ABSTRACT The gut microbiota contributes to nutrients absorption and metabolism by enterocytes, but the molecular mechanisms involved remain poorly understood, and most conclusions are inferred from studies comparing germfree and conventional animals colonized with diverse bacterial species. We selected two model commensal microorganisms, Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus paracasei, to assess the role of the small-intestinal microbiota in modulating lipid absorption and metabolism by the epithelium. Using an integrated approach encompassing cellular and murine models and combining metabolic parameters measurement, lipid droplet imaging, and gene expression analysis, we demonstrated that under homeostatic conditions, L. paracasei promotes fat storage in enterocytes, whereas E. coli enhances lipid catabolism and reduces chylomicron circulating levels. The Akt/mammalian target of sirolimus (mTOR) pathway is inhibited by both bacterial species in vitro, indicating that several regulatory pathways are involved in the distinct intracellular lipid outcomes associated with each bacterial species. Moreover, soluble bacterial factors partially reproduce the effects observed with live microorganisms. However, reduction of chylomicron circulating levels in E. coli-colonized animals is lost under high-fat-diet conditions, whereas it is potentiated by L. paracasei colonization accompanied by resistance to hypercholesterolemia and excess body weight gain. IMPORTANCE The specific contribution of each bacterial species within a complex microbiota to the regulation of host lipid metabolism remains largely unknown. Using two model commensal microorganisms, L. paracasei and E. coli, we demonstrated that both bacterial species impacted host lipid metabolism in a diet-dependent manner and, notably, that L. paracasei-colonized mice but not E. coli-colonized mice resisted high-fat-diet-induced body weight gain. In addition, we set up cellular models of fatty acid absorption and secretion by enterocytes cocultured with bacteria and showed that, in vitro, both L. paracasei and E. coli inhibited lipid secretion, through increased intracellular fat storage and enhanced lipid catabolism, respectively.

scholarly journals Effect of Hydrogen-Rich Water on Gut Microbiota in Mice With High-Fat Diet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guijiao Xie ◽  
Zelin Liu ◽  
Jiao Wang ◽  
Shasha He ◽  
Honghong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
High Fat

Abstract Objective: To investigate the effects of hydrogen-rich water (HGRW) on the structure and composition of intestinal microflora in mice fed high-fat diets (HFDs). Materials and Methods : C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups: (1) normal diet (CD)-normal water (W); (2) CD-HGRW; (3) HFD-W; and (4) HFD-HGRW. After 12 weeks, we sampled fasting blood glucose, lipids, transaminases, and tissue oxidative stress levels and measured body weight. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to sequence the intestinal microflora and differences in intestinal microflora were compared by group, using bioinformatics analysis. Results: Body weight, oral glucose tolerance, and blood glucose increased significantly in the HFD group compared with the CD group (P < 0.001), and malondialdehyde levels were significantly increased in the livers of mice fed a HFD (P < 0.05). Steatosis was seen in the liver parenchyma of the HFD group, and to a lesser degree in the HGRW group. The richness and diversity of intestinal flora only decreased significantly in the HFD group (P < 0.05). However, 24 genera and 26 species were significantly different between the HFD and CD subgroups of mice fed HGRW. Nine genera and five species were significantly different between the HGRW and W subgroups of mice fed a HFD. Correlations were confirmed for 10 physiological parameters; and were positively correlated with 17 genera in the HFD group; six genera were negatively correlated in the HGRW group. Importantly, Lactobacillus was closely related to tissue malondialdehyde levels. Conclusion: Oral HGRW has beneficial effects against antioxidant stress and liver damage. It may improve the diversity and structure of the intestinal flora, enhancing the relative abundance of beneficial flora.

scholarly journals PO-227 Study On The Effect Of Exercise On Intestinal Flora And Its Mechanism

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Huang
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pathological State ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Intestinal Microbes ◽  
Intestinal Microorganism

Objective To explore the relationship between exercise and intestinal microbes, and to analyze the effect of exercise on intestinal microflora to affect the health, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the study of the future exercise and the intestinal microorganism. Methods the PUBMED and Google academic articles were used to retrieve articles related to intestinal microorganism and exercise from June 1, 2008 to June 1, 2018. The key words: "Exercise" and "Microbiome (intestinal microorganism)". Inclusion criteria: (1) study on the correlation between intestinal flora and host.(2) The study of the effect of exercise intervention on intestinal flora. (3) exercise changes the intestinal flora and affects the physiological and pathological state of the host. A total of 76 Chinese and English related literatures were retrieved, and 32 articles were included in the final analysis according to the screening criteria. Results  there are several important correlations between the intestinal microflora and the host: (1)the intestinal microorganism has the function similar to the endocrine organ, which can produce a large number of hormones in the body, release it into the blood and play its role in the distal organ. (2) the immune system components in the host are directly or indirectly regulated by microbes, such as the metabolites of microbes that induce the expression of immune cells, promote or inhibit the occurrence of inflammatory reactions.(3) Intestinal microbes affect the metabolism of the body and participate in the synthesis of vitamins and the absorption of calcium and magnesium plasma. The effect of exercise on intestinal flora is mainly reflected in the following aspects: (1) the general influence of exercise on the intestinal physiology; reducing the digestion time of food in the gastrointestinal tract, thus affecting the composition of the intestinal flora. Exercise reduces gastrointestinal blood flow and affects gastrointestinal endocrine changes. (2) There were great changes in the intestinal microflora of obese mice induced by high fat diet. Exercise could normalize the abnormal groups of the mice and improve the anxiety induced by high fat diet. (3) The mice in the exercise group showed a higher concentration of n-butyric acid than those in the lack of exercise, suggesting that the change in the intestinal microbial environment caused by exercise may be an important reason for the improvement of gastrointestinal diseases. (4) Exercise to improve cardiopulmonary endurance can increase the diversity of intestinal flora, and the diversity of intestinal flora is positively correlated with host health and other related indicators.(5) Exercise affects the number and diversity of intestinal microflora and leads to changes in certain specific strains, and the changes in most specific strains are closely linked to the health level of the body and the production of chronic diseases. Conclusions as a kind of non drug intervention with great potential and effective, exercise can regulate the number and diversity of the intestinal microorganism in the host, so as to improve the physiological and pathological state of the host and promote the health.  

Effect of Dapagliflozin on Intestinal Flora in MafA-deficient Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (27) ◽  
pp. 3223-3231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luyao Li ◽  
Shiyao Xu ◽  
Tingting Guo ◽  
Shouliang Gong ◽  
Chuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Deficient Mice

Objective: To investigate the effect of dapagliflozin on intestinal microflora in MafA-deficient mice using an animal model of diabetes. Methods: Male MafA-deficient mice were administered dapagliflozin (1.0 mg/kg/d) intragastrically for 6 weeks. Mouse body weights and fasting blood glucose levels were measured, and intestinal short-chain fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography. A series of methods was used to analyse the number of primary harmful bacteria in the faeces, and high-throughput sequencing was used to sequence the changes in intestinal flora. Results: The weight of the mice decreased after dapagliflozin gavage, and fasting blood glucose was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.001). Acetic acid and butyric acid contents in the intestinal tracts of the mice increased, and the growth of harmful microorganisms, such as Clostridium perfringens, enterococci, Enterobacteriaceae, and intestinal enterococci, was inhibited. Blautia is a species found in the experimental group and was significantly different from the control and blank groups as determined by the LDA score from highthroughput sequencing. Conclusion: Dapagliflozin can reduce fasting blood glucose, decrease body weight, increase short-chain fatty acid content, regulate the intestinal microecological balance of the body and promote blood glucose and energy homeostasis.

scholarly journals High-Fat Diet Leads to Reduced Protein O-GlcNAcylation and Mitochondrial Defects Promoting the Development of Alzheimer’s Disease Signatures

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3746
Author(s):  
Ilaria Zuliani ◽  
Chiara Lanzillotta ◽  
Antonella Tramutola ◽  
Eugenio Barone ◽  
Marzia Perluigi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Neurodegenerative Process ◽  
The Brain

The disturbance of protein O-GlcNAcylation is emerging as a possible link between altered brain metabolism and the progression of neurodegeneration. As observed in brains with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), flaws of the cerebral glucose uptake translate into reduced protein O-GlcNAcylation, which promote the formation of pathological hallmarks. A high-fat diet (HFD) is known to foster metabolic dysregulation and insulin resistance in the brain and such effects have been associated with the reduction of cognitive performances. Remarkably, a significant role in HFD-related cognitive decline might be played by aberrant protein O-GlcNAcylation by triggering the development of AD signature and mitochondrial impairment. Our data support the impairment of total protein O-GlcNAcylation profile both in the brain of mice subjected to a 6-week high-fat-diet (HFD) and in our in vitro transposition on SH-SY5Y cells. The reduction of protein O-GlcNAcylation was associated with the development of insulin resistance, induced by overfeeding (i.e., defective insulin signaling and reduced mitochondrial activity), which promoted the dysregulation of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) flux, through the AMPK-driven reduction of GFAT1 activation. Further, we observed that a HFD induced the selective impairment of O-GlcNAcylated-tau and of O-GlcNAcylated-Complex I subunit NDUFB8, thus resulting in tau toxicity and reduced respiratory chain functionality respectively, highlighting the involvement of this posttranslational modification in the neurodegenerative process.

scholarly journals Ginkgolide B treatment regulated intestinal flora to improve high-fat diet induced atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 111100
Author(s):  
Zhiyang Lv ◽  
Xin Shan ◽  
Qingbo Tu ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Ginkgolide B ◽  
High Fat

scholarly journals Differential organ-specific inflammatory response to progranulin in high-fat diet-fed mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maki Murakoshi ◽  
Tomohito Gohda ◽  
Eri Adachi ◽  
Saki Ichikawa ◽  
Shinji Hagiwara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Proximal Tubules ◽  
Tubular Damage ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Organ Specific

AbstractProgranulin (PGRN) has been reported to bind tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor and to inhibit TNFα signaling. We evaluated the effect of augmentation of TNFα signaling by PGRN deficiency on the progression of kidney injury. Eight-week-old PGRN knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were fed a standard diet or high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Albuminuria, markers of tubular damage, and renal mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines were higher in HFD-fed KO (KO-HFD) mice than in HFD-fed WT (WT-HFD) mice. Body weight, vacuolization in proximal tubules, and systemic and adipose tissue inflammatory markers were lower in the KO-HFD mice than in the WT-HFD mice. The renal megalin expression was lower in the KO mice than in the WT mice regardless of the diet type. The megalin expression was also reduced in mouse proximal tubule epithelial cells stimulated with TNFα and in those with PGRN knockdown by small interfering RNA in vitro. PGRN deficiency was associated with both exacerbated renal inflammation and decreased systemic inflammation, including that in the adipose tissue of mice with HFD-induced obesity. Improved tubular vacuolization in the KO-HFD mice might partially be explained by the decreased expression of megalin in proximal tubules.

Sequoyitol ameliorates diabetic nephropathy in diabetic rats induced with a high-fat diet and a low dose of streptozotocin

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 405-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian-Wei Li ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Wei Hao ◽  
Jie-Ren Yang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
High Fat

Sequoyitol decreases blood glucose, improves glucose intolerance, and enhances insulin signaling in ob/ob mice. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sequoyitol on diabetic nephropathy in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the mechanism of action. Diabetic rats, induced with a high-fat diet and a low dose of streptozotocin, and were administered sequoyitol (12.5, 25.0, and 50.0 mg·(kg body mass)−1·d−1) for 6 weeks. The levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum insulin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (SCr) were measured. The expression levels of p22phox, p47phox, NF-κB, and TGF-β1 were measured using immunohistochemisty, real-time PCR, and (or) Western blot. The total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC), as well as the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also determined. The results showed that sequoyitol significantly decreased FBG, BUN, and SCr levels, and increased the insulin levels in diabetic rats. The level of T-AOC was significantly increased, while ROS and MDA levels and the expression of p22phox, p47phox, NF-κB, and TGF-β1 were decreased with sequoyitol treatment both in vivo and in vitro. These results suggested that sequoyitol ameliorates the progression of diabetic nephropathy in rats, as induced by a high-fat diet and a low dose of streptozotocin, through its glucose-lowering effects, antioxidant activity, and regulation of TGF-β1 expression.

scholarly journals Aloe-Emodin Relieves High-Fat Diet Induced QT Prolongation via MiR-1 Inhibition and IK1 Up-Regulation in Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1961-1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Bai ◽  
Zhenli Su ◽  
Hanqi Sun ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Xue Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Qt Prolongation ◽  
Electrical Remodeling ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Aloe Emodin

Background/Aims: High-fat diet (HFD) causes cardiac electrical remodeling and increases the risk of ventricular arrhythmias. Aloe-emodin (AE) is an anthraquinone component isolated from rhubarb and has a similar chemical structure with emodin. The protective effect of emodin against cardiac diseases has been reported in the literature. However, the cardioprotective property of AE is still unknown. The present study investigated the effect of AE on HFD-induced QT prolongation in rats. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, HFD, and AE-treatment groups. Normal diet was given to rats in the control group, high-fat diet was given to rats in HFD and AE-treatment groups for a total of 10 weeks. First, HFD rats and AE-treatment rats were fed with high-fat diet for 4 weeks to establish the HFD model. Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were measured to validate the HFD model. Afterward, AE-treatment rats were intragastrically administered with 100 mg/kg AE each day for 6 weeks. Electrocardiogram monitoring and whole-cell patch-clamp technique were applied to examine cardiac electrical activity, action potential and inward rectifier K+ current (IK1), respectively. Neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) were subjected to cholesterol and/or AE. Protein expression of Kir2.1 was detected by Western blot and miR-1 level was examined by real-time PCR in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Results: In vivo, AE significantly shortened the QT interval, action potential duration at 90% repolarization (APD90) and resting membrane potential (RMP), which were markedly elongated by HFD. AE increased IK1 current and Kir2.1 protein expression which were reduced in HFD rats. Furthermore, AE significantly inhibited pro-arrhythmic miR-1 in the hearts of HFD rats. In vitro, AE decreased miR-1 expression levels resulting in an increase of Kir2.1 protein levels in cholesterol-enriched NRVMs. Conclusions: AE prevents HFD-induced QT prolongation by repressing miR-1 and upregulating its target Kir2.1. These findings suggest a novel pharmacological role of AE in HFD-induced cardiac electrical remodeling.

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