scholarly journals The Chemical Reactivity Study of Organotin(IV) 4-aminobenzoates Using Cyclic Voltammetry and Antioxidant Activity Test by the DPPH Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Widia Sari ◽  
Hardoko Insan Qudus ◽  
Sutopo Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Digital Simulation ◽  
Cyclic Voltammogram ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Reactivity Study

Abstract: Chemical reactivity studies of the organotin(IV) carboxylates diphenyltin(IV) di-4-amino-benzoate (1) and triphenyltin(IV) 4-aminobenzoate (2) were conducted using cyclic voltammetry. Then, their antioxidant activities were tested by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylshydrazyl (DPPH) method. Cyclic voltammetry was used to determine the kinetic constants of compounds 1 and 2 for the forward chemical reaction (kf). The constant values of the chemical reaction rate of 1 and 2 on cyclic voltammogram by experiment were obtained by comparing with the values from digital simulation methods obtained using Polar software 5.8.3. The results demonstrated that the constant value of the rate of the subsequent chemical reaction is a function of the rate of its potential (slope = kf/i); that is, 6.481 and 6.069 1/V for 1 and 2, respectively. The type of chemical reaction mechanism that occurs around the surface of the working electrode follows reaction mechanism of electrochemical reaction is quasi reversible and chemical reaction is irreversible (EqCi). The antioxidant activities of compounds 1 and 2 produced IC50 values of 5.91 and 12.57 ig/mL, respectively. These results indicate that both compounds are active as antioxidants. However, their antioxidant activities were lower than that of ascorbic acid, which has an IC50 value of 0.66 ig/mL.

scholarly journals Limpasu Pericarpium : an Alternative Source of Antioxidant From Borneo with Sequential Maceration Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfan Zamzani ◽  
Nita Triadisti
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Indigenous Plant ◽  
Ic50 Values

Antioxidants are substances that can slow down the oxidation process of free radicals. Limpasu plant (Baccaurea lanceolata (Miq) Muell. Arg), an indigenous plant of Borneo, is a natural antioxidant source. The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity of the limpasu pericarpium extract. The extraction of the limpasu pericarpium was done by maceration method using solvents with increasing polarity ranging from n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Antioxidant activities of the three extracts were measured by the DPPH and FRAP methods. The IC50 values of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts, as well as quercetin using the DPPH method were 517,45 µg/mL, 530,64 µg/mL, 10,63 µg/mL and 6,83 µg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, the IC50 values obtained from FRAP method were 198,96 µg/mL, 190,07 µg/mL, 661,36 µg/mL, and 7,09 µg/mL, respectively. The results revealed that the methanol extract is more potent than other extracts tested for antioxidant activity.

scholarly journals Chemical Compositions and Antioxidant Activities of Indonesian Citrus Essential Oils and Their Elucidation Using Principal Component Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euis Julaeha ◽  
Kristin Shinta Dewi ◽  
Mohamad Nurzaman ◽  
Tatang Wahyudi ◽  
Tati Herlina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Citrus Essential Oils

Citrus essential oils (EOs) have various bioactivities like antioxidants, with many applications. Antioxidant activities depend on the chemical compositions of the EOs, which are affected by climate, soil, and geographical region. Thus, investigations on chemical compositions and antioxidant activities of Citrus EOs in different countries are valuable. In this study, we distilled EOs from peels of Indonesian-grown Citrus, including C. nobilis, C. limon, C. aurantifolia, C. amblycarpa, and Citrus spp.Chemical compositions of EOs were analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS), whereas the antioxidant activities were determined by employing 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to elucidate the main contributing compounds for antioxidant activity. The results show that all EOs possess unique chemical characteristics, with limonene as the majority constituent. For antioxidant activities, C. limon and C. amblycarpa EOs are the two strongest, IC50 values below 7.00 μL/mL. PCA approach suggests that -terpinene mainly contributes to the high antioxidant activities of C. limon and C. amblycarpa. Moreover, o-cymene, thymol, p-cymene, and α-pharnesene may also be responsible for the antioxidant activity of C. limon EO. These results are valuable information for the applications of Citrus EOs as antioxidant sources.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition, Algicidal, Antimicrobial, and Antioxidant Activities of the Essential Oils of Taiwania flousiana Gaussen

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongmei Liu ◽  
Jiguang Huang ◽  
Sifan Yang ◽  
Jialin Li ◽  
Lijuan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

Taiwania flousiana (T. flousiana) Gaussen is a precious wood in the family Taxodiaceae. This study investigated the chemical components of the essential oil from the stem bark of T. flousiana and its algicidal, antifungal, and antioxidant properties. Sixty-nine compounds representing 89.70% of the stem bark essential oil were identified by GC-MS. The essential oil showed strong anti-algae, anti-bacteria, and anti-fungus activities against the tested species, and antioxidant activities. The IC50 values of the essential oil against chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and the total chlorophyll of Spirogyra communis (a species of algae), 24–96 h after the treatment, ranged from 31.77 to 84.92 μg/mL, while the IC50 values of butachlor ranged from 40.24 to 58.09 μg/mL. Ultrastructure changes revealed by the transmission electron microscopy indicated that the main algicidal action sites were the chloroplast and cell wall. The essential oil showed antifungal activities on Rhizoctonia solani (EC50 = 287.94 μg/mL) and Colletotrichum gloeosporioiles (EC50 = 378.90 μg/mL). It also showed bactericidal activities on Ralstonia solanacearum and Staphylococcus aureus, with zones of inhibition (ZOIs) being 18.66 and 16.75 mm, respectively at 40 μg/disk. Additionally, the essential oil possessed antioxidant activity estimated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method (IC50 = 33.51 μg/mL; IC50 value of the positive control ascorbic acid was 7.98 μg/mL). Thus, the essential oil of this plant might be used as a possible source of natural bioactive molecules in agrochemical industry as well as in food and cosmetic industries.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF LANTANA (Lantana Camara L)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 144-151
Author(s):  
Restia Apriliana ◽  
Yufri Aldi ◽  
Sri Oktavia
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Lantana Camara ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Lantana camara is a plant that is used empirically for traditional medicine. This plant has the potential to be developed as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant drug because it contains flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids[1] essential oils[19], carbohydrates, proteins, glycosides, oligosaccharides, kinins, steroids, triterpenoids, and sesquiterpenes[2]. Therefore this article is created in order to provide information about the various research that supports evidence of conformity with the use of this plant empirically as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. Antioxidant activities were obtained in Lantana camara plants by using the DPPH method which showed high IC50 values compared to the standard drug. The anti-inflammatory activity of lantana leaves showed that they had different anti-inflammatory effects depending on the dose given. From the results of the review, empirical evidence of pharmacological activity was found from the use of the lantana plant leaves.

scholarly journals Rambusa (Passiflora foetida L) vs. Free Radicals: In Vitro Study with DPPH Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dewi Sari Mulia ◽  
Evi Mulyani ◽  
Muhammad Ikhwan Rizki ◽  
Mohammad Rizki Fadhil Pratama
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Central Kalimantan ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Passiflora Foetida

ABSTRAK             Rambusa (Passiflora foetida L) adalah tumbuhan obat yang banyak terdapat di berbagai daerah di Indonesia, termasuk di Kalimantan Tengah. Beberapa bagian tumbuhan dari rambusa diketahui memiliki aktivitas antioksidan termasuk di bagian daunnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dari daun rambusa yang berasal dari Kalimantan Tengah. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) yang diukur serapannya dengan Spektrofotometer UV Vis. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan nilai IC50 dari ekstrak etanol daun rambusa senilai 93,269 μg/mL. Meskipun nilai IC50 yang diperoleh lebih rendah dibandingkan senyawa antioksidan standar seperti kuersetin, nilai IC50 dari ekstrak etanol daun rambusa asal Kalimantan Tengah masih lebih tinggi dibandingkan daun rambusa yang diperoleh dari daerah lain Kata Kunci—antioksidan, DPPH, Kalimantan Tengah, Passiflora foetida, rambusa  ABSTRACT Rambusa (Passiflora foetida L) is a medicinal plant that is widely found in various regions in Indonesia, including in Central Kalimantan. Some parts of the plant of rambusa are known to have antioxidant activities including in the leaves. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of rambusa leaves from Central Kalimantan. The method used was 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method which was measured by UV Vis spectrophotometer. The results obtained showed IC50 values of ethanol extract of rambusa leaves worth 93.269 μg/mL. Although the IC50 values obtained were lower than the standard antioxidant compounds such as quercetin, the IC50 value of the ethanol extract of the leaves of rambusa from Central Kalimantan was still higher than that of the rambusa leaves obtained from other regions or some other medicinal plant extracts. Keywords— antioxidants, DPPH, Central Kalimantan, Passiflora foetida, rambusa

scholarly journals In-Vitro Study of Antioxidant Activities from Ethanol Extracts of Akar Kuning (Arcangelisia flava)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
Suratno Suratno ◽  
Muhammad Ikhwan Rizki ◽  
Mohammad Rizki Fadhil Pratama
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of akar kuning (Arcangelisia flava) stem extract from Central Kalimantan using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. This research includes extraction of simplicia and test of antioxidant activity by DPPH method. Based on the analysis of antioxidant activity on ethanol extract from yellow root plant stem IC50 values of 136.81 ppm were obtained. This IC50 value indicates the antioxidant strength of the yellow root plant stems including in the moderate category. Further research on antioxidant activity in the fraction of akar kuning stems needs to be done to determine the composition of the antioxidant compounds in each solvent.

scholarly journals Rapid screening analysis of antioxidant activities in green tea products using DPPH and FRAP

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Vendra Setiawan ◽  
◽  
Sherlly Phangestu ◽  
Agatha Grace Soetikno ◽  
Angelina Arianti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Free radicals are formed inside and outside the body. Free radicals inside the body can be created in the cell compartments. The reactions are complex through the initiation, propagation, and termination stages. On the other hand, free radicals in the outer body can be formed from pollutions and environmental damage action. Excessive free radicals cause oxidative stress and use destructive cellular to affect health conditions. Antioxidants are known as essential agents in biological systems against diseases triggered by free radicals. One of the many antioxidants found in tea plants (Camellia sinensis) is polyphenols. A colorimetry method was employed to evaluate the dominant antioxidant compound of the total phenolic and flavonoid content in two selected tea products. The total phenolic content was determined by utilizing the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. In addition, an aluminum colorimetric assay is applied to assess flavonoid content. Rapid screening of antioxidant activity using a spectrophotometric method is employed to determine IC50 values of tea extracts utilizing DPPH and FRAP. The FRAP method showed more sensitivity in determining antioxidant activities with the feasibility of working in low analyte concentrations than the DPPH method. The high total phenolic and flavonoid contents found in this experiment are in line with low IC50 values. It was also found out that brewed green tea has lower total phenol content than green tea bags.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF TESPONG HERBAL (OENANTHE JAVANICA DC.) EXTRACT AND NANOEXTRACT USING DPPH METHOD

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
In Rahmi Fatria Fajar ◽  
◽  
Dewi Rahma Fitri ◽  
Nisa Fitriyani ◽  
Michael Chuanvin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Herbal Extract ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Oenanthe Javanica

Background: Tespong herbs (O. Javanica DC.) contain numerous chemical compounds considered beneficial for medications, including flavonoids, phenols, and tannins, which can function as antioxidants. Nanoparticles are materials with a size range of 1-1000 nanometers which can increase the bioavailability of drugs, thus accelerating the drug delivery system in the body. Objective: The aim of this study is to identify the characteristics of herbal extract and nanoextract of Tespong and to compare their antioxidant activity. Methods: Extraction of tespong herbs was done using maceration for three days, nanoextract was formulated using the ionic gelation method with herbal extract of tespong, chitosan, and Na-TPP. Antioxidant activity testing was carried out using the DPPH method. Results: The water content of tespong herbal extract was 1.78%, and the total ash content was 4.95%. The tespong herbal nanoextract was 148.1nm in diameter with a polydispersity index of 0.362 and a zeta potential value of -39.16 mV. The IC50 values of tespong herbal extract and nanoextract were 65.424 ppm and 97.106 ppm, respectively, which fell into the strong category. Conclusion: Tespong herbal extract had a higher antioxidant activity compared to its nanoextract. Keywords: Tespong herb, nanoextract, chitosan, Na-TPP

A Paramedic Treatment for Modeling Explicitly Solvated Chemical Reaction Mechanisms

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasemin Basdogan ◽  
John Keith
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Reaction Pathway ◽  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Chemical Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Solvent Molecules ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Mbh Reaction

<div> <div> <div> <p>We report a static quantum chemistry modeling treatment to study how solvent molecules affect chemical reaction mechanisms without dynamics simulations. This modeling scheme uses a global optimization procedure to identify low energy intermediate states with different numbers of explicit solvent molecules and then the growing string method to locate sequential transition states along a reaction pathway. Testing this approach on the acid-catalyzed Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) reaction in methanol, we found a reaction mechanism that is consistent with both recent experiments and computationally intensive dynamics simulations with explicit solvation. In doing so, we explain unphysical pitfalls that obfuscate computational modeling that uses microsolvated reaction intermediates. This new paramedic approach can promisingly capture essential physical chemistry of the complicated and multistep MBH reaction mechanism, and the energy profiles found with this model appear reasonably insensitive to the level of theory used for energy calculations. Thus, it should be a useful and computationally cost-effective approach for modeling solvent mediated reaction mechanisms when dynamics simulations are not possible. </p> </div> </div> </div>

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