Effect of Proteases on the Extraction of Crude Protein and Reducing Sugar in Pollen

2004 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1353-1358 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Reducing Sugar

scholarly journals Evaluation of major nutritional components and phytochemical screening of four different Bangladeshi branded unifloral honey and their brine shrimp toxicity study

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Md. Mahmodul Hasan ◽  
Md.Jahirul Islam ◽  
Subodh Kumar Sarkar ◽  
Nurul Absar
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Black Cumin ◽  
Unifloral Honey

The research work was conducted to investigate the biochemical composition of four different Bangladeshi branded unifloral honey. The honey from Litchi (Litchi chinensis), Black cumin (Nigella sativa), Coriander (Coriandrum sativum), Mustard (Brassica campestris) were used. We investigated color, pH, Moisture, Dry matter ,Specific gravity, Total sugar, Reducing sugar, Non reducing sugar, Crude protein, Water soluble protein, Lipid, Ash, Total Carbohydrate, Metabolizable energy, Vitamin C and minerals content. The result revealed the presence of nutrient constituent among the varieties comprising pH(3.47 to 4.06),specific gravity(1.32 to 1.37),dry matter(85.2 to 86.6%), moisture(13.4 to 14.7%),ash(0.64 to 0.66%),lipid(0.14 to 0.16%),crude protein(0.63 to 0.73%), total carbohydrate(83.70 to 85.18%), metabolizing energy(2763.59 to 2808.95Kcal/Kg),total sugar(77.36 to 81.2%),reducing sugar(60.5 to 63.03%),non-reducing sugar(16.61 to 18.17%),vitamin C (4.63 to 6.36mg%), and minerals such as Calcium(6.36 to 7.87mg%) and Iron(1.62 to 1.89mg%) respectively. Moreover, alkaloids, flavonoids found in all varieties but only polyphenols was absent in Black cumin varieties. In the cytotoxic activity studies, LC50 values were obtained in the range of 4800 to 4966.7µg/ml.

scholarly journals A comparative analysis in the macro and micro nutrient compositions of locally available polished rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Md.Jahirul Islam ◽  
Jayasree Das ◽  
Nurul Absar ◽  
Md. Hasanuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Polished Rice ◽  
Water Soluble Protein

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important food crop of the developing world and the staple food of more than half the global population. An investigation was carried out to identify chemical and minerals composition of twelve varieties of locally produced polished rice namely, Parija, Minikat, Sawrna, Jeerashile, Nurjahan, Pari Shiddho, Paijam, Basmoti, Govindavogh, Katarivogh, Nagirshail and Chinigura. We analyzed Moisture, Ash, Dry Matter, Crude Fibre(CF), Crude Protein(CP),Water soluble protein, Fat, Total Carbohydrate, Metabolizable Energy (ME),Total sugar, Reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar, and minerals when the rice varieties are in polished form and obtained comparative data on their chemical composition and nutritive values. The results revealed the presence of nutrient constituent among the twelve varieties comprising Moisture(10.21±0.07to13.22±0.08%), Ash(0.30±0.02 to 0.57±0.02%), Dry Matter(86.78±0.08 to 89.78±0.07%), Crude Fibre(0.15±0.02 to 0.63±0.02%), Crude Protein(6.31±0.01 to 8.31±0.01%), Water soluble protein(0.13±0.02 to 0.25±0.02%),Fat(0.09±0.01 to 2.90±0.02%), Total Carbohydrate (76.33±0.13 to 81.87±0.05%), Metabolizable Energy (2834.31 to 3017.27 Kcal/Kg), Total sugar(0.06±0.01 to 0.40±0.01%), Reducing sugar(0.01±0.01 to 0.09±0.02%), Non-reducing sugar(0.05±0.01 to 0.36±0.01%) and minerals such as Sodium (69.07±0.13 to 118.87±0.39 mg%), Potassium(0.38±0.02 to 3.41±0.47mg%), Calcium (1.1±0.1 to 1.85±0.03mg%), Magnesium (0.13±0.04 to 0.61±0.01mg%), Iron (0.0003±0.0005 to 0.0005±0.0002mg%), Phosphorus (0.52±0.03 to 2.33±0.03mg%) respectively. 

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening, Elemental and Proximate Analysis of Maerua angolensis (Capparaceaea) Stem Bark

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ezekiel Tagwi Williams ◽  
Nachana’a Timothy ◽  
Attama Chika
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Appreciable Amount ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Effective Source

This work was designed to explore the phytochemicals, elemental and proximate analysis of Maerua angolensis Stem bark were determined using standard analytical methods. The phytochemical screening showed alkaloid (271.30 mg /100 g), tannins (340.25 mg /100 g), flavonoid (176.85 mg /100 g), reducing sugar (41.20 mg /100 g), glycosides (184.30 mg /100 g), steroids (112.30 mg /100 g), anthraquinones (167.85 mg /100 g) and saponin (225.61 mg /100 g). Also the elemental analysis carried out revealed that the concentration of Manganese (0.02 9 mg/kg), Copper (0.059 mg/kg), Calcium (0.070 mg/kg), Sodium (7.530 mg/kg), Zinc (0.028 mg/kg), Chromium (0.158 mg/kg), Lead (0.007 mg/kg), Iron (0.100 mg/kg) and Magnesium (0.020 mg/kg). The result of the proximate composition showed  that the moisture, fat, crude protein, crude fibre, ash, carbohydrate and energy value content of the samples were 3.58±0.04%, 6.25±0.09%, 21.79±0.26%, 48.51±2.31%, 13.28±1.86%, 6.60±1.79% and 169.81±8.49  kcal/100 g respectively. The pH value obtained was 5.65±0.09. These indicate that the plant can be effective source for drugs. The elemental and proximate analysis shows that it contained appreciable amount of nutrients which could be included in diets to supplement human daily nutrient needs and animal.

scholarly journals Solid state fermentation and bioconversion of ripe and unripe pineapple peels using aspergillus Niger

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Atere Victor ◽  
Femi-Ola Titilayo ◽  
Fapohunda Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Pineapple Peel ◽  
Fermentation Period ◽  
Acidity Reduction

Pineapple peels are considered as waste in industrial and house hold setting. This research was aimed at converting these waste into useful product through bioconversion using Aspergillus niger. The proximate analysis, reducing sugar, pH, and titratable acidity of the both ripe and unripe peels of pine apple was carried out at the onset of the fermentation and at an interval of 24 hours for 96 hours. These analyses carried out on both ripe and the unripe peels of pineapple showed that, the crude protein increased from 3.96% to 9.84% in the ripe pineapple peel and increased from 3.21% to 6.41% in unripe peels. The crude fiber reduced from 14.09% to 3.23% in the ripe pineapple peels while the crude fiber of the unripe peels reduced from 10.15 to 4.62 at the end of the 96 hour fermentation. Increase in titratable acidity, reduction in reducing sugar and pH was recorded for both ripe and unripe peels during the fermentation period. The optimum bioconversion was recorded at 72 hours of fermentation where the pick in the crude protein was recorded. The fat content of the pineapple peel in both ripe and unripe pineapple peel remain fairly constant throughout the fermentation period. The ripe pineapple peel yielded more protein compared to the unripe pineapple peels. This is an indication that the ripe pineapple peels are more preferred for industrial application.

Effects of Increased Dietary Protein and Energy on Composition and Functional Capacities of Blood Mononuclear Cells from Vaccinated, Neonatal Calves

2005 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 357-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Foote ◽  
Nonnecke† ◽  
Waters ◽  
Palmer ◽  
Beitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Gamma Delta ◽  
Ifn Gamma ◽  
Functional Capacities

Effects of increased protein and energy provided by an intensified milk replacer on the antigen-specific, cell-mediated immune response of the neonatal calf were examined. Calves were fed a standard (0.45 kg/day of a 20% crude protein, 20% fat milk replacer; n = 11) or intensified (1.14 kg/day of a 28% crude protein, 20% fat milk replacer; n = 11) diet from 0 to 6 weeks of age. All calves were vaccinated with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) at 1 week of age. The daily weight gain of intensified-diet calves (0.62 kg/day) was greater than the weight gain of standard-diet calves (0.29 kg/day). Liver, kidney, heart, thymus, and subcervical lymph nodes from intensified-diet calves were heavier than the same organs from standard-diet calves. Flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) populations indicated that CD4+ cells, gamma delta TCR+ cells, and monocyte percentages, although unaffected by diet during the first 5 weeks of the study, were higher in intensified-diet calves at week 6. The decline in gamma deltad TCR+ cell percentages and increase in B cell percentages with increasing age seen in all calves are characteristic of the maturing immune system of the calf. CD8+ T cell or B cell percentages were not affected by diet. In intensified-diet calves, percentages of CD4+ expressing interleukin-2 receptor increased and percentages of gamma delta TCR+ cells expressing interleukin-2 receptor decreased with time. The same populations in standard-diet calves did not change with time. Percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and B cells expressing MHC class II antigen, were unaffected by diet or age. Although mitogen-induced interferon (IFN)-gamma and nitric oxide (NO) secretion increased with age for all calves, PBMC from intensified-diet calves produced less IFN-gamma and more NO than did cells from standard-diet calves at week 6 of the study. Antigen-induced secretion of IFN-gamma and NO also increased with age but was unaffected by diet. Antigen-elicited delayed-type hypersensitivity was unaffected by diet, suggesting increased dietary protein and energy did not alter adaptive immunity in vivo. Overall, these results suggest that feeding calves a commercially available, intensified milk replacer affects minimally the composition and functional capacities of PBMC populations. Additional research is necessary to determine whether these subtle effects influence the calf’s susceptibility to infectious disease.

SOME TRENDS IN GRASSLAND FARMING IN EUROPE

1977 ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
R.W. Brougham
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Wide Range

IN an assessment such as this, one could cover a wide range of topics fairly shallowly or a lesser number in a bit more depth. I have opted for the latter. The topics discussed will embrace some trends in dairying, beef farming, sheep farming, hill country farming, and land use generally, species and variety usage in grassland farming, use of crude protein produced from pasture, and some implications of energy usage.

Preliminary results of the optimization of biogas production at the biogas station of the national research institute of animal production in Grodziec Sląski – Kostkowice

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
K. Węglarzy ◽  
Yu. Shliva ◽  
B. Matros ◽  
G. Sych
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Organic Mass ◽  
National Research Institute ◽  
Digestion Process ◽  
By Products

Aim. To optimize the methane digestion process while using different recipes of substrate components of ag- ricultural origin. Methods. The chemical composition of separate components of the substrate of agricultural by-products, industrial wastes, fats of the agrorefi nery and corn silage was studied. Dry (organic) mass, crude protein (fat) fi ber, loose ash, nitrogen-free exhaust were estimated in the components and the productivity of biogas was determined along with the methane content. These data were used as a basis for daily recipes of the substrate and the analysis of biogas production at the biogas station in Kostkowice. Results. The application of by-products of agricultural production solves the problem of their storage on boards and in open containers, which reduces investment costs, related to the installation of units for their storage. Conclusions. The return on investment for obtaining electric energy out of agricultural biogas depends considerably on the kind of the substrate used and on technological and market conditions.

CONCENTRADO PROTEICO OBTIDO DAS FOLHAS DE MANDIOCA (Manihot esculenta Crantz) DE TRÊS VARIEDADES COMERCIAIS.

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabel Aparecida Soares ◽  
Mauro Sérgio Téo ◽  
Carlise DEBASTIANI ◽  
Suzymeire BARONI ◽  
Vanessa Silva RETUCI
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
White Variety ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

O trabalho teve por objetivo verificar diferenças entre rendimento do concentrado proteico e proteína bruta da folha da mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz), obtidos a partir de três variedades comerciais: branca, cascuda e vermelha. As manivas foram plantadas seguindo o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com três repetições. Nas comparações entre as variedades, considerou coletas escalonadas pós-plantio, realizadas aos 12, 14 e 16 meses. O concentrado proteico foi obtido a partir da farinha das folhas inteiras e submetido ao método de termo - coagulação ácido e a proteína bruta pelo método padrão AOAC. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância e comparados pelo teste de Tukey - 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados não indicaram diferença significativa entre as médias obtidas para rendimento de concentrado proteico. Para a variável porcentagem de proteína bruta a variedade Branca foi a que apresentou maior valor, com média de 46,25%, seguida pela Cascuda e Vermelha, 44,52% e 37,30%, sucessivamente. Conclui-se que outros estudos devem avaliar condições que possam influenciar no teor de proteína foliar, como clima e solo, e, avaliar os níveis de ácido cianídrico de cada variedade, indicando qual das três é a melhor para a extração do concentrado proteico das folhas. Palavras chaves: Manihot esculenta Crantz, variedades comerciais, concentrado proteico, proteína bruta. ABSTRACT: The study aimed to assess the differences between income protein concentrate, crude protein of cassava leaf (Manihot esculenta Crantz), obtained from three commercial varieties: white, red and cascuda. The cuttings were planted following the completely randomized design with three replications. Comparisons between the varieties considered after planting staggered collections, held on 12, 14 and 16 months. The protein concentrate was obtained from flour of whole sheets and subjected to the term method - acid coagulation and crude protein by AOAC standard method. The data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test - 5% probability. The results indicated no significant difference between the mean values obtained for protein concentrate income. For the variable percentage of crude protein White variety showed the highest, with an average of 46.25%, followed by cascuda and Red, 44.52% and 37.30%, successively. We conclude that further studies should evaluate conditions that may affect the leaf protein content, such as climate and soil, and evaluate the hydrocyanic acid levels of each variety, indicating which of the three is the best for the extraction of protein concentrate from leaves Key words: Manihot esculenta Crantz, commercial varieties, protein concentrate, crude protein.

Interaction effect of rootstocks on gas exchange parameters, biochemical changes and nutrientstatus in Sauvignon Blanc winegrapes

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-225
Author(s):  
R. G. Somkuwar ◽  
M. A. Bhange ◽  
A. K. Upadhyay ◽  
S. D. Ramteke
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Food Material ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Salt Creek ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Photosynthetic Activities

SauvignonBlanc wine grape was characterized for their various morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters grafted on different rootstocks. Significant differences were recorded for all the parameters studied. The studies on vegetative parameters revealed that the rootstock influences the vegetative growth thereby increasing the photosynthetic activities of a vine. The highest photosynthesis rate was recorded in 140-Ru grafted vine followed by Fercal whereas the lowest in Salt Creek rootstock grafted vines.The rootstock influenced the changes in biochemical constituents in the grafted vine thereby helping the plant to store enough food material. Significant differences were recorded for total carbohydrates, proteins, total phenols and reducing sugar. The vines grafted on1103-Pshowed highest carbohydrates and starch followed by 140-Ru,while the least amount of carbohydrates were recorded in 110-R and Salt Creek grafted vines respectively.Among the different rootstock graft combinations, Fercal showed highest amount of reducing sugar, proteins and phenols, followed by 1103-P and SO4, however, the lowest amount of reducing sugar, proteins and phenols were recorded with 110-R grafted vines.The vines grafted on different rootstocks showed changes in nutrient uptake. Considering this, the physico-biochemical characterization of grafted vine may help to identify particularrootstocks combination that could influence a desired trait in commercial wine grape varieties after grafting.

Biochemical Profiles of Various Fresh Extracts of Gnaphalium polycaulon Pers

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanmugapriya K. ◽  
T. Murugan ◽  
Thayumanavan Tha
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
South India ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Biochemical Profiles ◽  
First Time

Medicinal plants plays a significant role in the pharmaceutical industry. In present scenario, the need is to explore, identify and utilize this new medicinal plant on one hand and, on the other, to help conserve the existing but threatened species of rare medicinal plant.This present research work was carry out for the first time in South India to analyse and estimate the biochemical profiles of various extracts of fresh parts of Gnaphalium polycaulon pers., plant. The biochemical composition such as total carbohydrates, total proteins, total lipids, total phenols, cholesterol, total chlorophylls and reducing sugar, sterols were estimated using the standard procedure in fresh plant material.The biochemical analysis of Gnaphalium polycaulon plant showed the presence of various phytochemicals. The results of the present study supplement the usage of the studied plant which possesses several bioactive compounds and used as food and also as medicine.The results of present studies demonstrated that Gnaphalium polycaulon plant could be a sourceof valuable information and a guideline for the scientists, researchers in India and also all over the world

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