scholarly journals Effect of Technical Aerosil on the Properties of Adhesive Compositions

2021 ◽  
pp. 133-144
Author(s):  
Ekaterina G. Sokolova ◽  
◽  
Dmitry S. Rusakov ◽  
Galina S. Varankina ◽  
Anatoly N. Chubinsky
Keyword(s):  
Water Resistance ◽  
Deep Structure ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
High Water ◽  
Complex Compounds ◽  
Adhesive Compositions ◽  
Wide Range

The main drivers of competition among the products made with the use of adhesive compositions are the toxicity of finished products, the consumption of raw materials and energy resources, the duration of the main technological operations. These drivers can be controlled by using adhesives with different fillings and/or modifications. Adhesives based on phenol-formaldehyde and melamine-urea-formaldehyde resins are used to produce plywood with increased water resistance. Apart from resins, adhesives usually contain hardeners, fillers, and modifiers that affect the properties of the finished product. Technical aerosol is one of the modifiers of synthetic resins with a wide range of action. Aerosil is characterized by three types of interaction: physical adsorption, chemical adsorption (formation of hydrogen bridges by silanol groups), and chemical reactions on the surface layer. The chemical composition of aerosil was analyzed. Technical aluminum fluoride (AlF3) is of particular interest. It can interact with alkali metal fluorides with the formation of complex compounds that improve polymer structuring. The acids that make up aerosil reduce the pH to 2.0–3.5, so they can be catalysts for the curing process of melamine-urea-formaldehyde resins. The effect of technical aerosil on the properties of adhesive systems based on phenol-formaldehyde and melamine-ureaformaldehyde resins has been studied. Viscosity, curing time, and wetting ability of adhesive compositions were determined. The obtained results indicate the possibility of using this modifier in the composition of phenol-formaldehyde and melamine-urea-formaldehyde resins up to 15 pts. wt. The nature of the aerosil action on adhesive compositions was determined using IR spectroscopy. Analysis of the results showed that aerosil promotes deep structure formation of the polymer by increasing the molecular weight of the molecules. These bonds make it possible to form a more structured polymer with bound formaldehyde. Studies of the effect of aerosil on the properties of finished products were carried out. At the same time, an increase in performance indicators was found: the strength of adhesion increases, the toxicity of plywood decreases. The results of experiments on the effect of technical aerosil, taking into account the reduction of bonding time can be applied in the development of technological processes for obtaining plywood of high water resistance. For citation: Sokolova E.G., Rusakov D.S., Varankina G.S., Chubinsky A.N. Effect of Technical Aerosil on the Properties of Adhesive Compositions. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 3, pp. 133–144. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-3-133-144

Research Progress of Mini-Emulsion in the Wood Industry

2011 ◽  
Vol 393-395 ◽  
pp. 280-283
Author(s):  
Shi Cheng Zhang ◽  
Li Jun Wang ◽  
Jiu Yin Pang
Keyword(s):  
Water Resistance ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Timber Industry ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range

This paper reviews the mini emulsion in the timber industry and development. Introduction of the small foreign Emulsion Synthesis and Application of the latest developments. Mini emulsion adhesive is a rapid development over the past decade and has practical use of new adhesives, with no formaldehyde pollution, water resistance and anti-aging performance, the application of mini emulsion polymerization of a wide range of performance. Discusses the mini prospects for the development of emulsion adhesive. With the development and application of wood-based panel industry continues to expand the range of wood products of a higher water resistance and durability requirements, adhesive application market more widely, the variety is also increasing. Between dissimilar materials, composite wood and the growing need for the traditional timber industry with plastic, urea formaldehyde(UF),phenol formaldehyde(PF),melamine formaldehyde(MF)plastic(the Department of formaldehyde glue) can not fully meet, in which The largest amount of formaldehyde, urea-formaldehyde glue pollution problems caused by people even more widespread concern, it is necessary to vigorously develop new wood adhesive for industrial use. Emulsion is a rapid development over the past decade and have been utility of the new adhesive, with no formaldehyde pollution, water resistance and excellent aging resistance, and adaptability to be glued materials, etc., widely used in wood glue and secondary processing Therefore, great attention by the timber industry, competing for exploitation. Diameter of dispersed droplets in the emulsion 50 ~ 500nm, between macro and micro emulsion between emulsion, known as fine emulsion. Miniemulsion system, in the sub-micron particle size, larger than monomer swollen micelles (diameter of about 40 ~ 50nm), less than the monomer droplets (diameter of about 1000nm), a wide size distribution. Miniemulsion polymerization can not be compared with the advantages of conventional[1], Therefore, polymer and materials science has become a hot research field, in the preparation of the special structure of polymers (such as the core - shell particles, polymer nanoparticles, polymer interpenetrating network structure, etc.) and stable polymer dispersions have Very broad application prospects.

scholarly journals Bio-Based Alternatives to Phenol and Formaldehyde for the Production of Resins

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2237 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Sarika ◽  
Paul Nancarrow ◽  
Abdulrahman Khansaheb ◽  
Taleb Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wood Industry ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Sustainable Materials ◽  
Materials Used

Phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resin continues to dominate the resin industry more than 100 years after its first synthesis. Its versatile properties such as thermal stability, chemical resistance, fire resistance, and dimensional stability make it a suitable material for a wide range of applications. PF resins have been used in the wood industry as adhesives, in paints and coatings, and in the aerospace, construction, and building industries as composites and foams. Currently, petroleum is the key source of raw materials used in manufacturing PF resin. However, increasing environmental pollution and fossil fuel depletion have driven industries to seek sustainable alternatives to petroleum based raw materials. Over the past decade, researchers have replaced phenol and formaldehyde with sustainable materials such as lignin, tannin, cardanol, hydroxymethylfurfural, and glyoxal to produce bio-based PF resin. Several synthesis modifications are currently under investigation towards improving the properties of bio-based phenolic resin. This review discusses recent developments in the synthesis of PF resins, particularly those created from sustainable raw material substitutes, and modifications applied to the synthetic route in order to improve the mechanical properties.

Preparation and Characterization of Bio-Degradable Plastic from Banana Kepok Peel Waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 981 ◽  
pp. 132-137
Author(s):  
Suharno Rusdi ◽  
Ridwan A. Destian ◽  
Fitratur Rahman ◽  
Achmad Chafidz
Keyword(s):  
Water Resistance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Base Material ◽  
High Water ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Recycled Plastics ◽  
Almost All

Everyday human life cannot be separated from plastic. Almost all objects that are around us are made of plastic. In general, plastics are non-biodegradable, causing environmental problems caused by the increased volume of plastic waste. One way to overcome this is by recycling existing plastic waste. But the use of recycled plastics is very limited and considered inefficient because the process is more difficult and processing is more expensive than buying new plastic raw materials. Another alternative is to use bioplastics or biodegradable plastic. This plastic is more environmentally friendly because it is biodegradable or easily decomposed by microorganisms. Basically, bioplastics can be made from vegetable starches. In this study we will use starch extracted from banana peel waste as a base material for making bioplastics. In this research, glycerin which is used as a bioplastic adhesive or plasticizer will be used. Whether or not bioplastics depend on the resistance to water, the attractiveness of the bioplastics, the ability of the plastic to be decomposed by microorganisms. From this research, it is expected to produce bioplastics with high water resistance and high tensile strength and easy to decompose microorganisms.

Synthesis of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural-Acetone Resins

2021 ◽  
Vol 887 ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Ekaterina A. Shabliy ◽  
Victor A. Klushin ◽  
Nina V. Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Synthesis Conditions

5-hydroxymethylfurfural-acetone (5-HMFA) resins are obtained on the basis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) and acetone, that is, from monomers whose source of raw materials is renewable resources (agricultural waste). The 5-HMFA condensation reaction was carried out under various experimental conditions. The synthesis conditions for 5-HMFA were selected with a yield of the desired product of 51%. The resulting resins were pressed at various curing temperatures and tested for compressive strength and absorption of water. The optimum pressing temperature was set to 180 ° C. The resulting composites have a strength not inferior to the strength of phenol-formaldehyde resin composites, but have a 3 times higher water resistance.

Assessment of risk in consumer manufacturing low toxic plywood

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
Анисимов ◽  
Maksim Anisimov
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Pulsed Magnetic Fields ◽  
Adhesive Compositions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Simplified Calculation

Currently, the use of wood plate materials (WPM) in various industries is steadily increasing due to a number of technological and economic advantages. Along with this, there is the improvement of methods of manufacturing and materials used for this purpose. One of the most commonly types of glue used for production of plywood as one of the types of WPM are urea-formaldehyde resins. In the manufacture of adhesive compositions based on them possible to use a wide range of sorbents that provide a variety of improved technological properties, such as adhesive, and the finished plywood. One of these properties is the level of free formaldehyde emissions from finished plywood, which directly affects to the possibility of its using in different rooms and characterizes the level of consumer risks in its operation. Scientifically it proved possible to reduce the level of emission of free formaldehyde from finished plywood with using of natural zeolite clinoptilolite treated in weak pulsed magnetic fields (SIMP) and ultra-high frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF microwave), as a sorbent of urea-formaldehyde resin filler in the manufacture of plywood for general using. This study evaluated the level of consumer risks in the operation of plywood manufactured with sorbent activated in SIMP and microwave EMF. In this paper describes the main influencing factors as well as the possibility of reducing calculation errors in consumer risk shows the feasibility of using a simplified calculation of constant values while respecting the basic influencing factors. Calculations of changes in con-sumer risk for saples of plywood manufactured with using sorbents, activated in SIMP and EMF microwave were made, established decrease by 25 and 33 % respectively.

The Structure and Curing Acceleration of PMUF Resins with Sodium Carbonate

2011 ◽  
Vol 181-182 ◽  
pp. 287-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Zhong Gao ◽  
Feng Liao
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
13C Nmr ◽  
Bonding Strength ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
High Water ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Hot Press ◽  
Resin Adhesive ◽  
Press Time

The phenol-melamine-urea-formaldehyde (PMUF) cocondensed resin adhesive was prepared by using phenol, urea, melamine and formaldehyde as reactants. It was characterized by 13C NMR and the results indicated that the PMUF could reduce the content of free formaldehyde, and it could make wood-based panel with high water resistance and weatherability. Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) was able to shorten the curing time by 40% when applied to the plywood process. The addition of Na2CO3 as the curing accelerator of a PMUF had little influence on the bonding strength of waterproof layer and could shorten the hot-press time.

scholarly journals Synthesis of High-Water-Resistance Lignin-Phenol Resin Adhesive with Furfural as a Crosslinking Agent

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2805
Author(s):  
Yufei Zhang ◽  
Ning Li ◽  
Zhikang Chen ◽  
Chen Ding ◽  
Qi Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resistance ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Water ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Synthesis Mechanism ◽  
Good Thermal Stability ◽  
Low Viscosity

In this study, furfural was used as a crosslinking agent to enhance the water resistance of lignin-phenol-formaldehyde (LPF) resin. The effect of the furfural content on the physicochemical properties of the adhesives was explored, and the possible synthesis mechanism of the furfural-modified lignin-phenol-formaldehyde (LPFF) resin adhesives was investigated. Compared with the LPF adhesive, the LPFF adhesive with 15% furfural content and 50% lignin substituent exhibited outstanding properties in all considered aspects; it had a high wet shear strength (1.30 MPa), moderate solid content (54.51%), and low viscosity (128 mPa∙s), which were 38.0% higher, 3.6% higher, and 37.5% lower than those of the LPF adhesive. Analyses via nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed that the furfural content improved water resistance of the lignin-based adhesive; this improvement was due to the formation of new chemical bonds between furfural and lignin to construct a dense crosslinked network structure. In addition, the decrease in viscosity and the increase in solid content enabled the adhesive to better penetrate into the wood porous structure, showing stronger adhesion. Therefore, the LPFF adhesive has superior water resistance, high strength, and good thermal stability; thus, it has a great potential for industrial applications.

scholarly journals Furan resin as potential substitute for phenol-formaldehyde resin in plywood manufacturing

BioResources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 2727-2739
Author(s):  
Anca Maria Varodi ◽  
Emanuela Beldean ◽  
Maria Cristina Timar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Reference Product ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Formaldehyde Emission ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Furan Resin

Replacement of phenol-formaldehyde with a mixed furan resin is considered in this work as a means to improving plywood properties made with urea-formaldehyde-based adhesive currently made with an addition of phenol-formaldehyde resin. Previous research showed that the furan resins can improve water resistance and can provide long stability for the glue line. Plywood was manufactured with modified adhesives and characterized in comparison with a reference product. Thickness, physical properties (moisture content, density, and total water absorption), mechanical properties (shearing strength, bending strength, and elasticity modulus in bending), and formaldehyde emission were determined according to standardized methods. The results indicated that the addition of furan resin enhanced the water resistance by 43% and formaldehyde emission is according to E1 class. Also, the mechanical properties were improved; the shear strength for the adhesive composition with furan resin was increased by 14 to 30% compared with the reference product, depending on the testing conditions.

scholarly journals Highly Efficient Glass Ceramic Thermal Insulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 ◽  
pp. 01017
Author(s):  
Ivan Vedyakov ◽  
Vladimir Vaskalov ◽  
Nikolai Maliavski ◽  
Mikhail Vedyakov
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Water ◽  
New Production ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Applied Technology ◽  
Foaming Temperature

Alkali-silicate thermal insulation materials (foam silicates) belong to the group of mineral heat insulators. Their main disadvantage is insufficient water resistance, to increase which special water-strengthening additives are introduced into materials. The aim of this work was to obtain and study foam silicates in granular (FGCG) and slab (FGCS) forms using a new production technology characterized by a simple one-stage technological scheme. Natural or technogenic amorphous silica, glassy sodium silicate (with the addition of carbonate or hydroxide) and a carbon-containing foaming agent, were used as the raw materials. Some part of the silica component was included in the binder solution, which made it possible to increase the silicate modulus in the final product to 5-10. This factor together with rather high Al2O3 concentration in the silica raw, made it possible to obtain foamed materials of very high water resistance. Another feature of the applied technology was a high foaming temperature (750–900°C). This factor makes a significant contribution to improving the water resistance of foam silicates, and significantly reducing their thermal conductivity and water absorption. As a result, FGCG was obtained with a bulk density of 170-440 kg/m3 (for FGCS – 300-400 kg/m3), a compressive strength in a cylinder of 0.5-6.3 MPa, a thermal conductivity of 0.046-0.084 W/(m·K) and a water absorption of 7.8-13.5% by volume. Mass loss of the specimens in boiling water was 0.12-0.33%, which puts obtained foamed materials on a par with most waterproof foam silicates being produced today.

Fully Renewable Composites Based on Agricultural Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 899 ◽  
pp. 86-91
Author(s):  
Victor Klushin ◽  
Denis Tokarev ◽  
Vera Kashparova ◽  
Svetlana Kolesnik ◽  
Ivan Brink
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Water Sorption ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Water ◽  
Strength Properties

In the present work, composite materials with a two wastes - waste goose feather as a filler and resinous waste from HMF production as a binder - have been developed. The mechanical properties and water sorption in dependence with feather/HMF resin composite content were studied. The composites containing 50% of feather have high strength properties up to 46 N/mm2 and low water sorption (lower 1%), which results in high water resistance. Due to these properties, they can become an excellent alternative to urea-formaldehyde resins and plastics based on them.

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