Torrefaction Temperature and Holding Time Effect on Khaya Senegalensis Biomass

Khaya senegalensis is fast growing plant, can be planted in marginal land and grow easily in Malaysia. Therefore, it has the potential to be developed as dedicated energy crops. This study was conducted to determine the effect of torrefaction in upgrading the quality of Khaya senegalensis biomass. Torrefaction has been known as one of the most promising pre-treatments for biomass. In this experiment, the biomass sample was torrefied in the muffle furnace at four different temperatures (225, 250, 275 and 300°C) and three durations (30, 60 and 90 minutes). The results show that both torrefaction temperature and duration posed strong impact on the biomass quality. It was found that the volatile matters of the biomass reduce significantly as the torrefaction severity increase. On the other hand, the ash and carbon content increase with the increasing temperature and duration. Most importantly the calorific value of the biomass sample amplifies to 22.26Mj/kg from 16.11Mj/kg of untreated sample when torrefied at 300°C for 90 minutes.

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A Comparative Electrochemical and Morphological Investigation on the Behavior of NiCr and CoCr Dental Alloys at Various Temperatures

Metals ◽

10.3390/met11020256 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 256

Author(s):

Florentina Golgovici ◽

Mariana Prodana ◽

Florentina Gina Ionascu ◽

Ioana Demetrescu

Keyword(s):

Low Temperatures ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Electrochemical Stability ◽

Morphological Investigation ◽

Dental Alloys ◽

Ion Release ◽

Icp Ms ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Good Concordance ◽

Increasing Temperature

The purpose of our study is to compare the behavior of two reprocessed dental alloys (NiCr and CoCr) at different temperatures considering the idea that food and drinks in the oral cavity create various compositions at different pH levels; the novelty is the investigation of temperature effect on corrosion parameters and ion release of dental alloys. Electrochemical stability was studied together with morphology, elemental composition and ions release determination. The results obtained are in good concordance: electrochemistry studies reveal that the corrosion rate is increasing by increasing the temperature. From SEM coupled with EDS, the oxide film formed on the surface of the alloys is stable at low temperatures and a trend to break after 310K. ICP-MS results evidence that in accordance with increasing temperature, the quantities of ions released from the alloys immersed in artificial saliva also increase, though they still remain small, less than 20 ppm.

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ECOCAPTURE@HOME: Protocol for the Remote Assessment of Apathy and Its Everyday-Life Consequences

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18157824 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (15) ◽

pp. 7824

Author(s):

Valérie Godefroy ◽

Richard Levy ◽

Arabella Bouzigues ◽

Armelle Rametti-Lacroux ◽

Raffaella Migliaccio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Everyday Life ◽

New Technologies ◽

Electrodermal Activity ◽

Real Life ◽

Smartphone Application ◽

Measurement Model ◽

Strong Impact ◽

Active Data ◽

Personalised Treatment

Apathy, a common neuropsychiatric symptom associated with dementia, has a strong impact on patients’ and caregivers’ quality of life. However, it is still poorly understood and hard to define. The main objective of the ECOCAPTURE programme is to define a behavioural signature of apathy using an ecological approach. Within this program, ECOCAPTURE@HOME is an observational study which aims to validate a method based on new technologies for the remote monitoring of apathy in real life. For this study, we plan to recruit 60 couples: 20 patient-caregiver dyads in which patients suffer from behavioral variant Fronto-Temporal Dementia, 20 patient-caregiver dyads in which patients suffer from Alzheimer Disease and 20 healthy control couples. These dyads will be followed for 28 consecutive days via multi-sensor bracelets collecting passive data (acceleration, electrodermal activity, blood volume pulse). Active data will also be collected by questionnaires on a smartphone application. Using a pool of metrics extracted from these passive and active data, we will validate a measurement model for three behavioural markers of apathy (i.e., daytime activity, quality of sleep, and emotional arousal). The final purpose is to facilitate the follow-up and precise diagnosis of apathy, towards a personalised treatment of this condition within everyday life.

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The lifetime prevalence and impact of generalized anxiety disorders in an epidemiologic Italian National Survey carried out by clinicians by means of semi-structured interviews

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-021-03042-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Antonio Preti ◽

Roberto Demontis ◽

Giulia Cossu ◽

Goce Kalcev ◽

Federico Cabras ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Short Form ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Community Survey ◽

Lifetime Prevalence ◽

Generalized Anxiety ◽

Strong Impact ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

Specialized Care

Abstract Background Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of the most reported diagnoses in psychiatry, but there is some discrepancy between the cases identified in community studies and those identified in tertiary care. This study set out to evaluate whether the use of clinicians as interviewers may provide estimates in a community survey close to those observed in primary or specialized care. Methods This is a community survey on a randomly selected sample of 2338 adult subjects. The Advanced Neuropsychiatric Tools and Assessment Schedule (ANTAS) was administered by clinicians, providing lifetime diagnosis based on the DSM-IV-TR. Health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) was measured with the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12). Results Overall, 55 (2.3%) subjects met the criteria for GAD, with greater prevalence in women (3.6%) than in men (0.9%): OR = 4.02; 95%CI: 1.96–8.26. Up to 40% of those with GAD had at least another diagnosis of mood, anxiety, or eating disorders. The mean score of SF-12 in people with GAD was 32.33 ± 6.8, with a higher attributable burden than in other conditions except for major depressive disorder. Conclusions We found a relatively lower lifetime prevalence of GAD than in community surveys based on lay interviewers and a structured interview. The identified cases of GAD showed a strong impact on the quality of life regardless of co-morbidity and high risk in women, suggesting a profile similar to the one identified from studies in primary and specialized care.

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Proteinase and phospholipase activities and development at different temperatures of yeasts isolated from bovine milk

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029911000434 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 78 (4) ◽

pp. 385-390 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Priscilla A Melville ◽

Nilson R Benites ◽

Monica Ruz-Peres ◽

Eugenio Yokoya

Keyword(s):

Dairy Products ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Bovine Milk ◽

Raw Milk ◽

Pathogenic Potential ◽

Proteinase Production ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Quality Of Milk ◽

Means Of Transmission

The presence of yeasts in milk may cause physical and chemical changes limiting the durability and compromising the quality of the product. Moreover, milk and dairy products contaminated by yeasts may be a potential means of transmission of these microorganisms to man and animals causing several kinds of infections. This study aimed to determine whether different species of yeasts isolated from bovine raw milk had the ability to develop at 37°C and/or under refrigeration temperature. Proteinase and phospholipase activities resulting from these yeasts were also monitored at different temperatures. Five genera of yeasts (Aureobasidium sp., Candida spp., Geotrichum spp., Trichosporon spp. and Rhodotorula spp.) isolated from bovine raw milk samples were evaluated. All strains showed one or a combination of characteristics: growth at 37°C (99·09% of the strains), psychrotrophic behaviour (50·9%), proteinase production (16·81% of the strains at 37°C and 4·09% under refrigeration) and phospholipase production (36·36% of the isolates at 37°C and 10·9% under refrigeration), and all these factors may compromise the quality of the product. Proteinase production was similar for strains incubated at 37°C (16·81% of the isolates) and room temperature (17·27%) but there was less amount of phospholipase-producing strains at room temperature (15·45% of the isolates were positive) when compared with incubation at 37°C (36·36%). Enzymes production at 37°C by yeasts isolated from milk confirmed their pathogenic potential. The refrigeration temperature was found to be most efficient to inhibit enzymes production and consequently ensure better quality of milk. The viability of yeasts and the activity of their enzymes at different temperatures are worrying because this can compromise the quality of dairy products at all stages of production and/or storage, and represent a risk to the consumer.

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Simulation of FDSOI-ISFET with Tunable Sensitivity by Temperature and Dual-Gate Structure

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics10131585 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (13) ◽

pp. 1585

Author(s):

Hanbin Wang ◽

Jinshun Bi ◽

Mengxin Liu ◽

Tingting Han

Keyword(s):

Gate Voltage ◽

Computer Aided Design ◽

Silicon On Insulator ◽

Fully Depleted ◽

Gate Structure ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Dual Gate ◽

Sensitivity Changes ◽

Increasing Temperature ◽

Aided Design

This work investigates the different sensitivities of an ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) based on fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (FDSOI). Using computer-aided design (TCAD) tools, the sensitivity of a single-gate FDSOI based ISFET (FDSOI-ISFET) at different temperatures and the effects of the planar dual-gate structure on the sensitivity are determined. It is found that the sensitivity increases linearly with increasing temperature, reaching 890 mV/pH at 75 °C. By using a dual-gate structure and adjusting the control gate voltage, the sensitivity can be reduced from 750 mV/pH at 0 V control gate voltage to 540 mV/pH at 1 V control gate voltage. The above sensitivity changes are produced because the Nernst limit changes with temperature or the electric field generated by different control gate voltages causes changes in the carrier movement. It is proved that a single FDSOI-ISFET can have adjustable sensitivity by adjusting the operating temperature or the control gate voltage of the dual-gate device.

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Correlation and prediction of solubility of hydrogen in alkenes and its dissolution properties

Applied Petrochemical Research ◽

10.1007/s13203-020-00260-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Jamali ◽

Amir Abbas Izadpanah ◽

Masoud Mofarahi

Keyword(s):

Equation Of State ◽

Binary Interaction ◽

Absolute Deviation ◽

Dissolution Properties ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Binary Interaction Parameters ◽

Delta G ◽

Hoff Equation ◽

Increasing Temperature ◽

Total Average

AbstractIn this work, solubility of hydrogen in some alkenes was investigated at different temperatures and pressures. Solubility values were calculated using the Peng–Robinson equation of state. Binary interaction parameters were calculated using fitting the equation of state on experimental data, Group contribution method and Moysan correlations and total average absolute deviation for these methods was 3.90, 17.60 and 13.62, respectively. Because hydrogen solubility in Alkenes is low, Henry’s law for these solutions were investigated, too. Results of calculation showed with increasing temperature, Henry’s constant was decreased. The temperature dependency of Henry’s constants of hydrogen in ethylene and propylene was higher than to other alkenes. In addition, using Van’t Hoff equation, the thermodynamic parameters for dissolution of hydrogen in various alkenes were calculated. Results indicated that the dissolution of hydrogen was spontaneous and endothermic. The total average of dissolution enthalpy ($${\Delta H}^{^\circ }$$ Δ H ∘ ) and Gibbs free energy ($${\Delta G}^{^\circ }$$ Δ G ∘ ) for these systems was 3.867 kJ/mol and 6.361 kJ/mol, respectively. But dissolution of hydrogen in almost of alkenes was not an entropy-driven process.

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Before and after the Quarantine: An Approximate Study on the Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on the Italian Population during the Lockdown Period

Future Internet ◽

10.3390/fi12120229 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 229

Author(s):

Lorena Marotta ◽

Andrea Pesce ◽

Andrea Guazzini

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Locus Of Control ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Social Connectedness ◽

Psychological Impact ◽

Virtual Community ◽

Strong Impact ◽

Italian Population ◽

Risk Propensity

COVID-19 (Corona-Virus Disease 2019) in Italy and the measures that were adopted to contain its diffusion had a strong impact on people’s quality of life and mental health. The objective of the study was to quantify the psychological impact of the lockdown period on the general Italian population during the two weeks when the COVID-19 emergency in Italy was at its peak. The study (1556 adults) was conducted from April 6th to April 12th, 2020. A survey was developed through Google Forms in order to assess different psychological measures (Self Efficacy, Locus of Control, Social Connectedness, Sense of Virtual Community, Flourishing, Positive and Negative Affect, Life Satisfaction, and Risk Propensity). The results were then compared to reference data. Thelockdown period increased arousal mainly for negative emotions, but also for positive emotions, and quality of life seemed to be reduced. From a psychosocial point of view, while social connectedness has decreased during lockdown, probably because of isolation and social distancing, the virtual social community seemed to increase in the same period. Interestingly, we revealed how self efficacy increased during the lockdown period, and, at the same time, the Locus of control appeared as externalized, and the risk propensity as reduced. The results are discussed considering previous literature, and a coherent theoretical framework is proposed in order to refine the forecasting model for the psychological impact of the lockdown.

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Temperature Dependence of Hole Impact Ionization Coefficient in 4H-SiC Photodiodes

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.615-617.311 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 615-617 ◽

pp. 311-314 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

W.S. Loh ◽

J.P.R. David ◽

B.K. Ng ◽

Stanislav I. Soloviev ◽

Peter M. Sandvik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phonon Scattering ◽

Impact Ionization ◽

Positive Temperature Coefficient ◽

Positive Temperature ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Ionization Coefficients ◽

Increasing Temperature ◽

The Impact ◽

Good Agreement ◽

Ionization Rates

Hole initiated multiplication characteristics of 4H-SiC Separate Absorption and Multiplication Avalanche Photodiodes (SAM-APDs) with a n- multiplication layer of 2.7 µm were obtained using 325nm excitation at temperatures ranging from 300 to 450K. The breakdown voltages increased by 200mV/K over the investigated temperature range, which indicates a positive temperature coefficient. Local ionization coefficients, including the extracted temperature dependencies, were derived in the form of the Chynoweth expression and were used to predict the hole multiplication characteristics at different temperatures. Good agreement was obtained between the measured and the modeled multiplication using these ionization coefficients. The impact ionization coefficients decreased with increasing temperature, corresponding to an increase in breakdown voltage. This result agrees well with the multiplication characteristics and can be attributed to phonon scattering enhanced carrier cooling which has suppressed the ionization process at high temperatures. Hence, a much higher electric field is required to achieve the same ionization rates.

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A Comparative Study of Soldering Temperatures and Materials on the Reliability of Photovoltaic Modules

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.562-564.188 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 562-564 ◽

pp. 188-191

Author(s):

Keh Moh Lin ◽

Yang Hsien Lee ◽

Wen Yeong Huang ◽

Po Chun Hsu ◽

Chin Yang Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Lead Free ◽

Automatic Process ◽

Lead Free Solder ◽

Snagcu Solder ◽

Photovoltaic Modules ◽

Soldering Process ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Free Solder

To find out the important factors which decisively affect the soldering quality of photovoltaic modules, solar cells were soldered under different conditions (different temperatures, PbSn vs. SnAgCu solder, manual vs. semi-automatic). Experimental results show that the soldering quality of PbSn under 350°C in the semi-automatic soldering process was quite stable while the soldering quality of lead-free solder was generally unacceptable in the manual or semi-automatic process under different temperatures. This result indicates that the soldering process with lead-free solder still needs to be further improved. It was also found that most cracks were formed on the interface between the solder and the silver paste and then expanded outwards.

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Experimental Investigation of Wave Velocity-Permeability Model for Granite Subjected to Different Temperature Processing

Geofluids ◽

10.1155/2017/6586438 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Guanghui Jiang ◽

Jianping Zuo ◽

Teng Ma ◽

Xu Wei

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

High Temperature ◽

Wave Velocity ◽

Pore Fluid ◽

Rock Matrix ◽

Permeability Model ◽

Wave Velocities ◽

Before And After ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Increasing Temperature

Understanding the change of permeability of rocks before and after heating is of great significance for exploitation of hydrocarbon resources and disposal of nuclear waste. The rock permeability under high temperature cannot be measured with most of the existing methods. In this paper, quality, wave velocity, and permeability of granite specimen from Maluanshan tunnel are measured after high temperature processing. Quality and wave velocity of granite decrease and permeability of granite increases with increasing temperature. Using porosity as the medium, a new wave velocity-permeability model is established with modified wave velocity-porosity formula and Kozeny-Carman formula. Under some given wave velocities and corresponding permeabilities through experiment, the permeabilities at different temperatures and wave velocities can be obtained. By comparing the experimental and the theoretical results, the proposed formulas are verified. In addition, a sensitivity analysis is performed to examine the effect of particle size, wave velocities in rock matrix, and pore fluid on permeability: permeability increases with increasing particle size, wave velocities in rock matrix, and pore fluid; the higher the rock wave velocity, the lower the effect of wave velocities in rock matrix and pore fluid on permeability.

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