scholarly journals Effect of Addition of Different Concentrations of Bentonite to the Ration on Concentration of Blood Minerals and Ruminal Fluid Traits of Awassi Lambs

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
A. M. Al-Neuamy ◽  
Abed M ◽  
Hassan A
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ruminal Fluid ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Awassi Lambs

The study was conducted on know the effect of different levels of local Bentonite in a percent of 0, 1 and 3% to the ration of Awassi lambs on concentration of minerals and Ammonia concentration and the numbers of microflora of ruminal fluid. Fifteen Awassi lambs were used in this study, aged between 4-6 months with mean body weight of 27.57 ± 0.71 kg. The animals were an individual pens in a space of 1.5 × 2 m. The animals were divided randomly into three equal groups (5 lambs/ groups). The 1st group regarded as a control group, While the 2nd and 3rd group adding to its concentrated ration the local Bentonite in a percentage of 1 and 3% respectively. The animals were fed on a concentrated ration 3% of the body weight and the rough ration (alfalfa hay) were given ad libtium. The results of experiment showed there were a significant increase (P<0.05) in concentration of Ammonia nitrogen of ruminal fluid in the control and 3rd group (3% Bentonite), before morning fed. While there were significantly (P>0.05) decrease in ruminal fluids of animals fed at the 2nd and 3rd group ration (1, 3% Bentonite) after two hours of morning fed as compared with the control group. The results also showed after four hours of morning feeding there was no significant difference between different groups in concentration of Ammonia in ruminal fluid. There was a significant decrease (P>0.05) in sodium salts in blood of lambs fed on 2nd and 3rd ration as compared with control ration. The results showed that addition of Bentonite at different levels (0, 1 and 3) % on lamb ration have no effect on concentration of blood Ca, Ma, K and Al. It has been observed that there was a significant increase (P<0.01) in the numbers of ruminal fluid microflora after addition of 3% Bentonite as compared with control and 1% Bentonite. It was concluded from this study that addition of Bentonite to the lamb ration have a beneficial effect on blood sodium, ruminal fluid Ammonia and the numbers of ruminal microflora.

A study on the safety evaluation of buphrenorphine administered through an autoinjector compared with manual injection using haematological and biochemical variables in rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 901-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Sheela ◽  
R Vijayaraghavan ◽  
S Senthilkumar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body Weight Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Manual Group ◽  
Significant Change

Buprenorphine drug cartridge was made for autoinjector device for use in emergency and critical situations to reduce the morbidity and mortality. Water-filled cartridges were prepared and buprenorphine was injected aseptically in the cartridge, to make 0.05 and 0.10 mg/mL. Rats were injected intraperitoneally, buprenorphine (0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg), repeatedly with the autoinjector and compared with manual injection (7 days and 14 days) using various haematological and biochemical parameters. No significant change was observed in the body weight, organ to body weight ratio and haematological variables in any of the experimental groups compared with the control group. Except serum urea and aspartate aminotransferase, no significant change was observed in glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, bilirubin, protein, albumin, creatinine, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase. The autoinjectors deliver the drugs with spray effect and force for faster absorption. In the present study, the autoinjector meant for intramuscular injection was injected intraperitoneally in rats, and the drug was delivered with force on the vital organs. No significant difference was observed in the autoinjector group compared to the manual group showing tolerability and safety of the buphrenorphine autoinjector. This study shows that buprenorphine autoinjector can be considered for further research work.

scholarly journals Effect of supplemented dietary protein on certain haematological values and meat yield characteristics of broiler birds

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Alam ◽  
N Ahmad ◽  
MA Miah ◽  
R Islam
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Haematological Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Different Levels

The effect of different levels of supplemented dietary protein on body weight, certain haematological values and meat yield characteristics in 20 "Shaver Star Bro" broilers was studied during the period from 02 March to 12 April 2002. The broilers were randomly assigned to four equal groups (A to D) each consisting of 5 birds. Group A was considered as control, fed only with commercial ration and other three groups were treated with extra dietary protein supplement @ 5%, 10% and 15% as group B, C and D respectively. Increased body weight was recorded in group B and the body weight decreases as the level of protein increased from 5% to 10% and 15% and the decrease was linear. No differences in haematological values were observed among the groups but the TEC varied significantly (p < 0.05). The mean weight of breast meat, drum stick meat varied significantly (p < 0.01). The shank weight varied significantly (p < 0.05) but there was no significant difference among the mean weight of thigh meat and wing meat corresponding to the different levels of supplemented dietary protein. It can be concluded that 5% supplemented dietary protein with commercial ration gives better result in respect to body weight gain, haematological values and meat yield characteristics.Key words: dietary protein; haematological values; meat yield; broiler birdsdoi: 10.3329/bjvm.v2i2.2543Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2004). 2 (2): 121-123

Effects of a severe nutritional check in early post-natal life on the subsequent growth of sheep to the age of 12–14 months

1985 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Hopkins ◽  
N. M. Tulloh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Surface Measurements

SUMMARYThe growth of 26 castrated ram lambs was severely restricted for the first 5 weeks of post-natal life. Subsequently, these lambs (group R) were fed ad libitum on the same high quality diets as fed to a control group of 26 similar lambs (group C) from birth.At regular intervals lambs were weighed, X-rayed and surface measurements were aken. At the age of 12–14 months, covering the body-weight range of 63–83 kg, ten animals from each group were slaughtered for dissection and measurement. These data were used to compare the skeletal growth of the two groups of animals. Measurements of skeletal dimensions by dissection were compared with measurements obtained by surface and radiographic techniques. After slaughter, the brain, kidneys, liver, the left semitendinosus and gastrocnemius muscles from each lamb were used for the following analyses: dry matter, ash, fat, protein, DNA and RNA contents.At the end of the period of feed restriction, there was a mean body-weight difference between groups of 9·2 kg (63%).This represented a weight for age difference of 36 days, which was reduced to 29 days at the conclusion of the experiment, restricted animals not having fully recovered from the period of underfeeding.Clean wool production per day was significantly (P < 0·05) depressed by the restricted feeding, lambs in group C producing 11·07 g/day during the first shearing interval compared with 10·07 g/day from group R lambs. There was no difference between groups in clean wool produced during the second shearing interval.Restricted feeding caused a reduction in the rate of bone growth but, during subsequent regrowth (apart from minor exceptions), it did not disrupt the relationship of skeletal dimensions to fleece-free body weight (FFBW). Surface measurements showed that during recovery, group R animals were significantly narrower (P < 0·05) at the hips and wider (P < 0·05) at the shoulders than group C animals. The results obtained from the radiographs for length of foreleg were similar to those obtained from surface measurements. Metacarpal width (measured at two sites) and weight were significantly greater in group R than in group C animals. With the exception of width at hips and although not statistically significant (P > 0·05), the skeletal measurements of group R were slightly greater than those of group C animals. This may have been due to the slightly greater age of group R at slaughter and to an effect of restricted feeding.There was no significant difference between groups R and C in the DNA content of the tissues investigated. Neither was there any difference between the groups in cell size as indicated by the protein: DNA and tissue weight: DNA ratios. Even though hyperplasia and hypertrophy were slowed by the period of restricted feeding, this effect was transient, full recovery apparently occurring as indicated by tissue weights and composition at the time of slaughter. The RNA and the protein contents of the tissues were similar in both groups. In addition, the similarity of the RNA:DNA ratios suggests that tissues in each group possessed the same capacity to synthesize protein.In practical terms, the recovery of group R was associated with a time lag in reaching any particular body weight and a loss of wool production. Both of these consequences are of economic importance. At the time the experiment ended, no skeletal stunting was evident in these sheep and, apparently, they had recovered in terms of cellular growth.

scholarly journals Efficacy of the WATERinMOTION Aquatics Exercise Programme on the Body Weight and Composition of Sedentary Older Women with Overweight/Obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Rezaeipour ◽  
◽  
Gennady Leonidovich Apanasenko ◽  
Zahra Raghi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Exercise Programme ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Significant Difference

Some controversy remains regarding the effects of aquatic exercise on body weight and composition. The purpose of this study was to determine the short-term impacts of the WATERinMOTION aquatics exercise program on body weight and composition without nutritional intervention in sedentary older women with overweight/ obesity. The study was developed as a quasi-experimental project (pre/post-study). Forty-four inactive women were volunteers from a convenience sample with a mean age of 71.1±5.7 years (Ukraine, 2019). Participants were allocated randomly into two groups: WATERinMOTION (n=22) or a control group (n=22). Meanwhile, the WATERinMOTION group performed the WATERinMOTION exercise programme with two weekly sessions of 55 minutes each. The control subjects did not participate in any physical exercises. They were asked to perform their routine activities during the study. Both programmes lasted one month. Height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fat mass (FM), total body water (TBW), and free fat mass (FFM) were the anthropometric variables that were measured pre/post-study. The analysis found statistically significant differences in body weight (-0.7, P=0.004), BMI (-0.3, P=0.002), and FM (-0.6, P=0.03) between the pre and post measurements of the WATERinMOTION group. Moreover, the comparison of groups at post revealed a significant difference in body weight (P˂0.001), BMI (P˂0.001), TBW (P=0.005), FM (P˂0. 001), FFM (P=0.003), and WC (P=0.007). The WATERin- MOTION programme, which is not associated with nutritional monitoring, showed significant benefits for losing weight and the body composition of sedentary older women who are overweight and/or obese.

scholarly journals Latihan yoga terhadap berat badan, persen lemak tubuh, dan lingkar perut pada wanita dewasa overweight

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Putri Nur Fatimah ◽  
Fillah Fithra Dieny ◽  
Etisa Adi Murbawani ◽  
Ahmed Fahmy Arif Tsani
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Percentage Of Body Fat ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Obesity caused diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Yoga considered three aspects, physic, emotion and mental that helped in obesity therapy.Objective: This research aimed to explain the influence of yoga excercise on body weight, percent of body fat, waist circumference and waist to hip ratio (WHR) in overweight women.Method: This research applied quasi experiment design by using pre-post test with control group design. The subjects of research were 31 women aged 19-25 years old and divided into 2 groups, treatment group and control group. Treatment group was prepared to do yoga in 60 minutes for 10 times during 20 days and given nutrition education, whereas control group was given nutrition education only. Data body weight and percentage of body fat were measured by bioimpedance analysis; waist circumference and WHR were measured by tape measures; food intake were assessed by food recall and food frequency questionnaire. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and independent t-test.Results: There was a significant difference of body weight before and after intervention in both groups. The body weight on treatment group decreased by 0.81 ± 1.29 kg (p<0.05), while the body weight on the control group increased. Percentage of body fat and waist circumference decreased on both of groups, however treatment group decreased more than the control group. WHR no significant on both of groups. Yoga excercise resulted no significant influences on body weight, percentage of body fat, waist circumference and WHR in overweight women (p>0.05). Conclusion: Obesity women with 10 times yoga had no significant influences on body weight, percentage of body fat, waist circumference and WHR.

scholarly journals Sugar-sweetened beverages induced metabolic syndrome and its reversal using bitter melon extract

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-26
Author(s):  
Akshay Kirthan Jagannath Peraje ◽  
Ananda Puttaiah ◽  
Anshu Kumar Yadav ◽  
Akila Prashant ◽  
Prashant Vishwanath
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bitter Melon ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are known to cause metabolic pathologies increasing the risk for Type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disorders. We aimed to determine the effects of chronic sugar intake on lipogenesis and glucose metabolism in mice and study if bitter melon extract (BME) can reverse this effect. BME was prepared using 50% ethanol as solvent, biochemical assays for the estimation of phenolic compounds, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity was performed. Male Swiss albino mice were divided into seven groups (n=6): Control (group-1), Glucose (group-2), Glucose+BME (group-3), Sucrose (group-4), Sucrose+BME (group-5), Fructose (group-6), Fructose+BME (group-7). Each group was induced with 30% wt/vol of respective sugars for 8 weeks, and BME was supplemented (300 mg/kg body weight) to group-3, 5, and 7 along with sugars after 4 weeks of induction. Blood glucose and body weight measurements were performed every week for 8 weeks. Animals were sacrificed and retroperitoneal adipose tissue (RPAT) was collected along with blood for lipid profile estimation. RPAT was stained with hematoxylin & eosin and examined under the microscope for adipocyte cell count/size. Group-3, 5, and 7 presented a significant decrease in the body weight at 8th week when compared to their 4th-week bodyweight, a significant drop in blood glucose and all the lipid profile parameters when compared to their respective control groups, and group-3 and 5 presented a significant reduction in the size of the adipocyte upon treatment with BME. Due to the presence of high phenolic acids, antioxidants, and anti-inflammatory property BME has various health benefits and the potential to treat SSB-induced metabolic disorders.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Supplementation in Laboratory-Bred Mice: An In Vivo Assay on Gut Microbiome and Body Weight

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117863612094529
Author(s):  
Lorina Ineta Badger-Emeka ◽  
Zainab Yaseen AlJaziri ◽  
Cereen Fahad Almulhim ◽  
Asma Saleh Aldrees ◽  
Zainab Hamzah AlShakhs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Bacterial Colony ◽  
Normal Dose ◽  
Significant Difference

Saudi Arabia is in a tropical geographical region with a population that has access to adequate diet. There is, however, a high level of vitamin D deficiency in the Kingdom, comorbid with other disease. There is the postulation of a correlation between a healthy gut microbiota and balanced levels of serum vitamin D. This investigation looks into the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the gut flora of laboratory-bred mice as well as any possible association on body weight. BALB/C mice weighing between 34 and 35.8 g were divided into 4 groups and placed on daily doses of vitamin D of 3.75 µg (low dose), 7.5 µg (normal dose), and 15 µg (high dose). The fourth group was the control group that did not receive any supplementation with vitamin D. Body weights were monitored on weekly basis, while faecal samples from the rectum were obtained for microbial culturing and the monitoring of bacterial colony count using the Vitek 2 Compact automated system (BioMerieux, Marcy-l’Etoile, France) according to manufacturer’s guidelines. The data presented as mean ± SD, while significant differences were determined with 2-way analysis of variance in comparing differences within and between treatment groups. The different doses of vitamin D showed varying effects on the body weight and gut microbial colonies of the mice. There was a highly significant difference between the control, 15 µg (high), and 7.5 µg (normal) dose groups. This is suggestive that supplementation with vitamin D could a role in the gut microbial flora in the gut which could reflect in changes in body weight.

Hippocampal size did not differ between epileptic and non-epileptic dogs using volumetric and subjective methods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borbála A. Lőrincz ◽  
Agustina Anson ◽  
Stephan Handschuh ◽  
Alexander Tichy ◽  
Conor Rowan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Human Study ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Volumetric Assessment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A

AbstractHippocampal changes in epilepsy may manifest as hippocampal atrophy/sclerosis. A recent human study suggests that the demonstration of hippocampal volume loss is more reliable using quantitative evaluation methods. The aim of the present study was to obtain volumetric data in both epileptic and healthy dogs, to compare hippocampal volumes in both groups, and to compare subjective and volumetric assessment. Volumetric measurements of the hippocampi, lateral ventricles and hemispheria were performed in 31 epileptic and 15 control dogs. There was a positive association between the body weight and the hemispheric volume, as well as between the hemispheric volume and the ipsilateral hippocampal volume. There was no significant correlation between age and the volume of any measured brain structures. There was no statistically significant difference between the hippocampal volumes of the control group and the epileptic group. A statistically significant difference between the two groups for hippocampus/hemispherium ratio or hippocampal asymmetric ratio was not identified. An extrapolated hippocampal volume based on body weight was not possible in this study population.

scholarly journals Ex-Vivo Study, The Effect of Standardized Eurycoma longifolia Extract on The Enzyme Activity of Rosiglitazone N-Demethylase

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Purwantiningsih Purwantiningsih ◽  
Abas Hj Hussin ◽  
Kit Lam Chan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Demethylase Activity

Eurycoma longifolia (E. longifolia) or also known as Earth Pasak in Indonesia, has been used widely, especially to increase stamina in men. The use of herbal medicines in the long run opens up the opportunities for the influence of herbal medicines on metabolic process of other substances. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of E. longifolia extract on rosiglitazone metabolism after oral administration for one and fourteen days, and its effect on rat body weight. The rats were divided into two groups, group for one day treatment (divided into 8 subgroups with n = 6: I (control), II to VIII (were given extract at doses of 1 to 1000 mg / kg BW) and 14 days (rats divided into 4 subgroups, n = 6 : I (control), II to IV (treated with extracts of doses 5, 25 and 50 mg / kg BW). At the end of the experiment, test animals were sacrificed and rosiglitazone N-demethylase activity in hepatocytes was determined by measuring the amount of formaldehid formed at 415 nm. The rosiglitazone N-demethylase activity in all groups was analyzed by analysis of  variance (ANOVA) and Tukey Test (P <0.05). The percentage of the changing in the body weight in the 14 days treatment group was compared to the control group. The results showed there was a significant increased in the rosiglitazone N-demethylase activity after rats were treated with E. longifolia extract at doses of 5 to 1000 mg / kg BB, but was not significantly different at a dose of 1 mg / kg BW when compared with control group. For the 14 days treatment, there was no significant difference between the treatment group and the control group, both for the rosiglitazone N-demethylase enzyme activity or the changed of rat body weight.

scholarly journals Doxorubicin Deteriorates the Histomorphology of the Kidneys of Albino Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
Anup Pandeya ◽  
Chandra Bhushan Jha ◽  
Smriti Karki ◽  
Gajendra Prashad Rauniar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Histological Features ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Background and Objectives: Nephrotoxicity is one of the limiting factors for using doxorubicin as an anticancer chemotherapeutic. Reactive oxygen species and cytokines have been implicated in the nephrotoxicity induced by doxorubicin. The main objective of the present study is to identify and compare the histomorphological features in kidneys of albino rats and gross morphological features such as weight of rats and weight of the kidneys due to administration of doxorubicin. Materials and Methods: In the study, albino rats were taken as the animal model. Sixty animals were taken as the sample size. They were divided into two equal groups: experimental (n=30) and control (n=30). Rats of experimental group were treated with anticancer drug doxorubicin at a single intraperitoneal dose of 10 mg/kg body weight while the Control group of rats received a similar volume of 0.9% normal saline. The ethical clearance was taken prior to the research from IERB committee BPKIHS Dharan.  Results: Our results showed that there was high effect of drug in experimental groups of rats. It was seen that there was significant decrease in the body weight and weight of kidneys. The final body weight and kidney weight between experimental and control group showed the significant difference. Similarly there were no significant differences in the normal architecture between the male and female rats. The normal renal histological features were seen on the kidneys in the control group whereas the rats intervened with the drug had some disrupted histological features which reveal the toxicity of the drugs in the kidneys. Conclusion: The study showed toxicity of the drug in the kidneys of experimental groups of rats irrespective of gender and suggest that doxorubicin causes significant loss of the body weight and weight of kidneys and causes the disruption in the normal histological features.

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