Efficacy of the WATERinMOTION Aquatics Exercise Programme on the Body Weight and Composition of Sedentary Older Women with Overweight/Obesity

Some controversy remains regarding the effects of aquatic exercise on body weight and composition. The purpose of this study was to determine the short-term impacts of the WATERinMOTION aquatics exercise program on body weight and composition without nutritional intervention in sedentary older women with overweight/ obesity. The study was developed as a quasi-experimental project (pre/post-study). Forty-four inactive women were volunteers from a convenience sample with a mean age of 71.1±5.7 years (Ukraine, 2019). Participants were allocated randomly into two groups: WATERinMOTION (n=22) or a control group (n=22). Meanwhile, the WATERinMOTION group performed the WATERinMOTION exercise programme with two weekly sessions of 55 minutes each. The control subjects did not participate in any physical exercises. They were asked to perform their routine activities during the study. Both programmes lasted one month. Height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fat mass (FM), total body water (TBW), and free fat mass (FFM) were the anthropometric variables that were measured pre/post-study. The analysis found statistically significant differences in body weight (-0.7, P=0.004), BMI (-0.3, P=0.002), and FM (-0.6, P=0.03) between the pre and post measurements of the WATERinMOTION group. Moreover, the comparison of groups at post revealed a significant difference in body weight (P˂0.001), BMI (P˂0.001), TBW (P=0.005), FM (P˂0. 001), FFM (P=0.003), and WC (P=0.007). The WATERin- MOTION programme, which is not associated with nutritional monitoring, showed significant benefits for losing weight and the body composition of sedentary older women who are overweight and/or obese.

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A study on the safety evaluation of buphrenorphine administered through an autoinjector compared with manual injection using haematological and biochemical variables in rats

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327116674528 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 36 (9) ◽

pp. 901-909 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D Sheela ◽

R Vijayaraghavan ◽

S Senthilkumar

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Research Work ◽

Safety Evaluation ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Body Weight Ratio ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Manual Group ◽

Significant Change

Buprenorphine drug cartridge was made for autoinjector device for use in emergency and critical situations to reduce the morbidity and mortality. Water-filled cartridges were prepared and buprenorphine was injected aseptically in the cartridge, to make 0.05 and 0.10 mg/mL. Rats were injected intraperitoneally, buprenorphine (0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg), repeatedly with the autoinjector and compared with manual injection (7 days and 14 days) using various haematological and biochemical parameters. No significant change was observed in the body weight, organ to body weight ratio and haematological variables in any of the experimental groups compared with the control group. Except serum urea and aspartate aminotransferase, no significant change was observed in glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, bilirubin, protein, albumin, creatinine, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase. The autoinjectors deliver the drugs with spray effect and force for faster absorption. In the present study, the autoinjector meant for intramuscular injection was injected intraperitoneally in rats, and the drug was delivered with force on the vital organs. No significant difference was observed in the autoinjector group compared to the manual group showing tolerability and safety of the buphrenorphine autoinjector. This study shows that buprenorphine autoinjector can be considered for further research work.

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Effects of a severe nutritional check in early post-natal life on the subsequent growth of sheep to the age of 12–14 months

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s002185960005944x ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 105 (3) ◽

pp. 551-562 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

D. L. Hopkins ◽

N. M. Tulloh

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Time Lag ◽

The Body ◽

Cellular Growth ◽

Control Group ◽

Age Difference ◽

Restricted Feeding ◽

Wool Production ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Surface Measurements

SUMMARYThe growth of 26 castrated ram lambs was severely restricted for the first 5 weeks of post-natal life. Subsequently, these lambs (group R) were fed ad libitum on the same high quality diets as fed to a control group of 26 similar lambs (group C) from birth.At regular intervals lambs were weighed, X-rayed and surface measurements were aken. At the age of 12–14 months, covering the body-weight range of 63–83 kg, ten animals from each group were slaughtered for dissection and measurement. These data were used to compare the skeletal growth of the two groups of animals. Measurements of skeletal dimensions by dissection were compared with measurements obtained by surface and radiographic techniques. After slaughter, the brain, kidneys, liver, the left semitendinosus and gastrocnemius muscles from each lamb were used for the following analyses: dry matter, ash, fat, protein, DNA and RNA contents.At the end of the period of feed restriction, there was a mean body-weight difference between groups of 9·2 kg (63%).This represented a weight for age difference of 36 days, which was reduced to 29 days at the conclusion of the experiment, restricted animals not having fully recovered from the period of underfeeding.Clean wool production per day was significantly (P < 0·05) depressed by the restricted feeding, lambs in group C producing 11·07 g/day during the first shearing interval compared with 10·07 g/day from group R lambs. There was no difference between groups in clean wool produced during the second shearing interval.Restricted feeding caused a reduction in the rate of bone growth but, during subsequent regrowth (apart from minor exceptions), it did not disrupt the relationship of skeletal dimensions to fleece-free body weight (FFBW). Surface measurements showed that during recovery, group R animals were significantly narrower (P < 0·05) at the hips and wider (P < 0·05) at the shoulders than group C animals. The results obtained from the radiographs for length of foreleg were similar to those obtained from surface measurements. Metacarpal width (measured at two sites) and weight were significantly greater in group R than in group C animals. With the exception of width at hips and although not statistically significant (P > 0·05), the skeletal measurements of group R were slightly greater than those of group C animals. This may have been due to the slightly greater age of group R at slaughter and to an effect of restricted feeding.There was no significant difference between groups R and C in the DNA content of the tissues investigated. Neither was there any difference between the groups in cell size as indicated by the protein: DNA and tissue weight: DNA ratios. Even though hyperplasia and hypertrophy were slowed by the period of restricted feeding, this effect was transient, full recovery apparently occurring as indicated by tissue weights and composition at the time of slaughter. The RNA and the protein contents of the tissues were similar in both groups. In addition, the similarity of the RNA:DNA ratios suggests that tissues in each group possessed the same capacity to synthesize protein.In practical terms, the recovery of group R was associated with a time lag in reaching any particular body weight and a loss of wool production. Both of these consequences are of economic importance. At the time the experiment ended, no skeletal stunting was evident in these sheep and, apparently, they had recovered in terms of cellular growth.

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PO-271 Effects of accumulated exercise with different intensities on insulin resistance in mice

Exercise Biochemistry Review ◽

10.14428/ebr.v1i5.11203 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Yuli Zhang ◽

Songtao Wang ◽

Fei Liang ◽

Xiangyu Shuai ◽

Weibao Liang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Body Weight ◽

High Intensity ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Exercise Program ◽

Exercise Group ◽

The Body ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Control Group ◽

Continuous Exercise

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8-week moderate-intensity and high-intensity accumulated exercise on insulin resistance in mice, compared with the moderate intensity continuous exercise with equal workload, which will provide an experimental reference for seeking a more reasonable and effective exercise program to break sedentary behavior and improve metabolic diseases such as IR. Methods Eighty 4-week-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into normal diet group (group C) and high-fat diet group (group H), fed with different diet. At the 10th weekend, insulin resistance model was judged by OGTT curve (AUC) and fasting blood glucose. All mice with insulin resistance were randomly divided into four groups: IR control group (IC), IR moderate-intensity continuous exercise group (IE), IR moderate-intensity accumulated exercise group (IM), IR high-intensity accumulated exercise group (IH), retained normal diet control group (C), with 12 mice for each group. All groups were fed with normal feed. The three exercise-related group performed an 8-week’s treadmill exercise program with equal workload (involve preparation and relaxation activities,0°platform slope, 5 days/week). For IE group, mice run 50min continuously with the velocity of 11m/min. For IM group，mice exercised 12.5 min per session, total 4 sessions per day, with 3-hour’s interval and the velocity of 11m/min. The IH group performed an alike exercise program with IM group, except the running speed (19m/min) and exercise time (7.5min). On the 8th weekend of exercise, FBG, OCTT, FINS, HOME- IR, and ISI were tested for each groups. Results 1. Compared with group C, body weight, FBG and OGTT-AUC were significantly increased in group H (P<0.05 or P<0.01). 76% mice were induced to insulin resistance successfully. 2. Before and after exercise intervention of 8 weeks, there were no significant changes in body weight and OGTT-AUC, while the FBG was significantly increased in IC group (P<0.05). Body weight, FBG, and OGTT-AUC significantly decreased in IE group, IM group and IH group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). 3. After 8 weeks of exercise intervention, the FBG in the IE group, IM group, and IH group were significantly lower than that in C group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the IC group, the FBG, FINS, OGTT-AUC, and HOME-IR in IM group, IH group and IE group were lower than those in the IC group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the IE group, the body weight and HOME-IR index of IH group were significantly lower than those in IE group (P<0.01). Compared with IH group, the HOME-IR in IH group was lower than that in IM group (P<0.05); There was no significant difference between IM group and IE group. Conclusions 1. Chronic moderate-intensity continuous exercise, moderate-intensity accumulated exercise, and high-intensity accumulated exercise all can effectively improve the glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in IR mice. 2.Compared with moderate-intensity accumulated exercise and moderate-intensity continuous exercise, the high-intensity accumulated exercise with equal workload is more effective in reducing the body weight and improving insulin resistance in IR mice.

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Investigation of the Effect of Regular Exercise on Some Motoric Features in Children in the 7–12 Age Group

Journal of Education and Learning ◽

10.5539/jel.v8n3p81 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 81

Author(s):

Kürşat Hazar

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Exercise Program ◽

T Test ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Regular Exercise ◽

Age Group ◽

Paired Samples ◽

Explosive Force ◽

The Difference

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of regular exercise on some motoric features in 7–12-year-old boys and girls in 8 weeks period of time. To the study 66 boys with an average age of 8, ± 7963, as 54 of them in research and 12 of them in control groups; 66 girls, 36 of them as research and 30 as control group, a total of 132 individuals who joins summer sports schools within the body of Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Directorate of Health, Culture and Sports with no health problems participated in the study. Two tests were applied to the children before and after the exercise program. Height, body weight, balance, flexibility, bounce force, explosive force, sit-up and 20m velocity measurements were performed to the participants. SPSS 21.00 package program was used for statistical evaluation of the obtained data. For paired comparisons, Paired Samples t test was applied to determine the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable. In order to determine the difference between the groups, Independent samples t test was applied and the level of significance was set at p <0.05 and 0.01. In the study, statistically significant differences were found in favor of the research group between the first and second measurement results of height, body weight, balance, flexibility, bounce force, explosive force, sit-up and velocity (p <0.05, p <0.01). As a result, in the light of the data obtained from the comparisons between the groups, it was determined that the regularly performed exercises positively affect the body weight, static balance, flexibility, bounce force, explosive force, sit-up and velocity values in 7–12 age group boys and girls.

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Latihan yoga terhadap berat badan, persen lemak tubuh, dan lingkar perut pada wanita dewasa overweight

Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia ◽

10.22146/ijcn.32150 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 131

Author(s):

Putri Nur Fatimah ◽

Fillah Fithra Dieny ◽

Etisa Adi Murbawani ◽

Ahmed Fahmy Arif Tsani

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Nutrition Education ◽

Body Fat ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Weight Percentage ◽

Percentage Of Body Fat ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Obesity caused diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Yoga considered three aspects, physic, emotion and mental that helped in obesity therapy.Objective: This research aimed to explain the influence of yoga excercise on body weight, percent of body fat, waist circumference and waist to hip ratio (WHR) in overweight women.Method: This research applied quasi experiment design by using pre-post test with control group design. The subjects of research were 31 women aged 19-25 years old and divided into 2 groups, treatment group and control group. Treatment group was prepared to do yoga in 60 minutes for 10 times during 20 days and given nutrition education, whereas control group was given nutrition education only. Data body weight and percentage of body fat were measured by bioimpedance analysis; waist circumference and WHR were measured by tape measures; food intake were assessed by food recall and food frequency questionnaire. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and independent t-test.Results: There was a significant difference of body weight before and after intervention in both groups. The body weight on treatment group decreased by 0.81 ± 1.29 kg (p<0.05), while the body weight on the control group increased. Percentage of body fat and waist circumference decreased on both of groups, however treatment group decreased more than the control group. WHR no significant on both of groups. Yoga excercise resulted no significant influences on body weight, percentage of body fat, waist circumference and WHR in overweight women (p>0.05). Conclusion: Obesity women with 10 times yoga had no significant influences on body weight, percentage of body fat, waist circumference and WHR.

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Pengaruh Latihan Renang Teratur dan Latihan Renang Tidak Teratur Terhadap Kadar Trigliserida Plasma pada Rattus norvegicus

BIOTROPIC The Journal of Tropical Biology ◽

10.29080/biotropic.2018.2.1.24-40 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 24-40

Author(s):

Adi Wijayanto

Keyword(s):

Rattus Norvegicus ◽

Exercise Program ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Regular Exercise ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Group Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Test ◽

And Control

Triglycerides are source of energy in the body, but triglyceride deposits that exceed the threshold will cause health problems, so triglycerides should be lowered to normal. The reduction of triglycerides can be done through physical activity, therefore this study aims to reveal the effect of regular swimming exercises and irregular exercises against triglyceride levels. This research is an experimental research using The Post Test Only Control Group Design design. Subjects of the study were male of Rattus Norvegicus Wistar, 39 subjects was divided into 3 groups with Matched Subject Design technique, which consisted of 2 groups of treatment that is regular and irregular group, and control group. The exercise program was given a swimming with a 3% weight of body weight and was tied 5 cm from the tip of the tail which was performed 3 times per week consistently for regular exercise and 0 to 5 times per week inconsistently for irregular exercise for 12 weeks, While the control group was not given training. In the last week before the blood was taken, the first three groups were given swimming treatment exercises. Based on the results of the anava test, there was a significant difference in the reduction of triglyceride levels among white mice who were given regular exercise with irregular exercise. These results suggest that regular exercise has a better impact on triglyceride reduction than irregular exercise, due to the higher adaptation process of regular exercise.

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Vitamin D Supplementation in Laboratory-Bred Mice: An In Vivo Assay on Gut Microbiome and Body Weight

Microbiology Insights ◽

10.1177/1178636120945294 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 117863612094529

Author(s):

Lorina Ineta Badger-Emeka ◽

Zainab Yaseen AlJaziri ◽

Cereen Fahad Almulhim ◽

Asma Saleh Aldrees ◽

Zainab Hamzah AlShakhs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Body Weight ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

The Body ◽

Automated System ◽

Control Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Bacterial Colony ◽

Normal Dose ◽

Significant Difference

Saudi Arabia is in a tropical geographical region with a population that has access to adequate diet. There is, however, a high level of vitamin D deficiency in the Kingdom, comorbid with other disease. There is the postulation of a correlation between a healthy gut microbiota and balanced levels of serum vitamin D. This investigation looks into the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the gut flora of laboratory-bred mice as well as any possible association on body weight. BALB/C mice weighing between 34 and 35.8 g were divided into 4 groups and placed on daily doses of vitamin D of 3.75 µg (low dose), 7.5 µg (normal dose), and 15 µg (high dose). The fourth group was the control group that did not receive any supplementation with vitamin D. Body weights were monitored on weekly basis, while faecal samples from the rectum were obtained for microbial culturing and the monitoring of bacterial colony count using the Vitek 2 Compact automated system (BioMerieux, Marcy-l’Etoile, France) according to manufacturer’s guidelines. The data presented as mean ± SD, while significant differences were determined with 2-way analysis of variance in comparing differences within and between treatment groups. The different doses of vitamin D showed varying effects on the body weight and gut microbial colonies of the mice. There was a highly significant difference between the control, 15 µg (high), and 7.5 µg (normal) dose groups. This is suggestive that supplementation with vitamin D could a role in the gut microbial flora in the gut which could reflect in changes in body weight.

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Hippocampal size did not differ between epileptic and non-epileptic dogs using volumetric and subjective methods

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica ◽

10.1556/004.2021.00006 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Borbála A. Lőrincz ◽

Agustina Anson ◽

Stephan Handschuh ◽

Alexander Tichy ◽

Conor Rowan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Human Study ◽

Positive Association ◽

Brain Structures ◽

Hippocampal Volume ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Volumetric Assessment ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A

AbstractHippocampal changes in epilepsy may manifest as hippocampal atrophy/sclerosis. A recent human study suggests that the demonstration of hippocampal volume loss is more reliable using quantitative evaluation methods. The aim of the present study was to obtain volumetric data in both epileptic and healthy dogs, to compare hippocampal volumes in both groups, and to compare subjective and volumetric assessment. Volumetric measurements of the hippocampi, lateral ventricles and hemispheria were performed in 31 epileptic and 15 control dogs. There was a positive association between the body weight and the hemispheric volume, as well as between the hemispheric volume and the ipsilateral hippocampal volume. There was no significant correlation between age and the volume of any measured brain structures. There was no statistically significant difference between the hippocampal volumes of the control group and the epileptic group. A statistically significant difference between the two groups for hippocampus/hemispherium ratio or hippocampal asymmetric ratio was not identified. An extrapolated hippocampal volume based on body weight was not possible in this study population.

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Beneficial effects of catechin-rich green tea and inulin on the body composition of overweight adults

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114511005095 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 107 (5) ◽

pp. 749-754 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Hsin-Yi Yang ◽

Suh-Ching Yang ◽

Jane C.-J. Chao ◽

Jiun-Rong Chen

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Green Tea ◽

Fat Mass ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Sustained Effects ◽

Green Tea Catechin ◽

Overweight Adults ◽

Experimental Group

Green tea catechin has been proposed to have an anti-obesity effect. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the effect of catechin-rich green tea in combination with inulin affects body weight and fat mass in obese and overweight adults. A total of thirty subjects were divided into a control group and an experimental group who received 650 ml tea or catechin-rich green tea plus inulin. A reduction of body weight ( − 1·29 (sem 0·35) kg) and fat mass (0·82 (sem 0·27) kg) in the experimental group was found after 6 weeks, and no adverse effects were observed. After refraining from consumption for 2 weeks, sustained effects on body weight and fat mass were observed. We conclude that continuous intake of catechin-rich green tea in combination with inulin for at least 3 weeks may be beneficial for weight management.

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Ex-Vivo Study, The Effect of Standardized Eurycoma longifolia Extract on The Enzyme Activity of Rosiglitazone N-Demethylase

Majalah Farmaseutik ◽

10.22146/farmaseutik.v17i1.48481 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 38

Author(s):

Purwantiningsih Purwantiningsih ◽

Abas Hj Hussin ◽

Kit Lam Chan

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Enzyme Activity ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Herbal Medicines ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Eurycoma Longifolia ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Demethylase Activity

Eurycoma longifolia (E. longifolia) or also known as Earth Pasak in Indonesia, has been used widely, especially to increase stamina in men. The use of herbal medicines in the long run opens up the opportunities for the influence of herbal medicines on metabolic process of other substances. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of E. longifolia extract on rosiglitazone metabolism after oral administration for one and fourteen days, and its effect on rat body weight. The rats were divided into two groups, group for one day treatment (divided into 8 subgroups with n = 6: I (control), II to VIII (were given extract at doses of 1 to 1000 mg / kg BW) and 14 days (rats divided into 4 subgroups, n = 6 : I (control), II to IV (treated with extracts of doses 5, 25 and 50 mg / kg BW). At the end of the experiment, test animals were sacrificed and rosiglitazone N-demethylase activity in hepatocytes was determined by measuring the amount of formaldehid formed at 415 nm. The rosiglitazone N-demethylase activity in all groups was analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey Test (P <0.05). The percentage of the changing in the body weight in the 14 days treatment group was compared to the control group. The results showed there was a significant increased in the rosiglitazone N-demethylase activity after rats were treated with E. longifolia extract at doses of 5 to 1000 mg / kg BB, but was not significantly different at a dose of 1 mg / kg BW when compared with control group. For the 14 days treatment, there was no significant difference between the treatment group and the control group, both for the rosiglitazone N-demethylase enzyme activity or the changed of rat body weight.

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