Evaluation of Subjective and Objective Levels of Drowsiness, it’s Rating and its Relation with Facial Dynamics

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumaira Yasmeen ◽  
Qamar Uz Zaman ◽  
Hafeez Bibi ◽  
Nida Ilahi
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Normal Position ◽  
Efficient Tool ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Karolinska Sleepiness Scale ◽  
One Year ◽  
Eye Closure ◽  
Blink Frequency

Objective: To determine the subjective and observed levels of lethargy and changes in facial dynamics. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at Department of community medicine, Services Institute of Medical Sciences Lahore for one-year duration from January 2017 to December 2018. The changes in facial dynamics, such as changes in eyes, lips and eyebrows, were tested in KKS (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale) in twenty-five drivers. And ORD (drowsiness observer rating). Repeated ANOVA measurements and repeated MANOVA measurements were used to analyze the data. In addition, a neural network and Viola-Jones were used to detect facial features. PERCLOS (percentage of eye closure), blink frequency and blink time were examined to see eye parameters. The size of the open mouth during sleep was examined for oral parameters. When examining the eyebrows, the number 50 indicates that the eyebrow is in the normal position. For eyebrows above the normal position, a range of 50 to 55 was specified; In addition, 45-50 was found to be a defined range for normal eyebrows. Results: Descriptive statistics of dynamic changes in the mouth and eyes showed increased drowsiness while driving, as well as changes in the eyes and mouth. However, statistical findings made while driving showed that dynamic eyebrow changes had a clear expression with a continuous trend. Similar studies on data obtained from CSR and ORD showed that both parameters increased at the same time and lethargy level. There was also a significant relationship between facial expressions and lethargy. Conclusion: This study will be an effective and efficient tool for alerting and detecting sleep in a timely and accurate manner.

scholarly journals Hematological abnormalities in HIV infected individuals in correlation to CD4 counts and ART status

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 14-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Raman Thulasi ◽  
D Manimaran ◽  
G Hemanathan ◽  
Tameem Afroz ◽  
Radha Sagar
Keyword(s):  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Hematological Abnormalities ◽  
Set Up ◽  
One Year

Background: HIV is pandemic and remains as a public health concern for many decades. This infection though associated with many opportunistic infections and neoplasms, it is further complicated with marked hematological abnormalities. The aim of this study is to determine the magnitude & severity of hematological abnormalities in HIV infected individuals and also to analyze these abnormalities in correlation with the CD4 counts. We also compared these hematological abnormalities in patients on ART and those not on ART.Materials and Methods: The study was conducted for a period of one year, on 120 HIV positive cases including both patients on ART & not on ART. Controls with similar age and sex distribution was set up. The blood samples were collected and processed in an automated cell counter. The parameters were tabulated and analyzed with respect to CD4 count & ART status.Results: Among the total of 120 HIV cases, 77% had anemia, 21% had leucopenia and 5% had thrombocytopenia. The magnitude and severity of anemia, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia and other parameters was found to be more in patients not on ART, when compared to patients on ART. Similarly, the magnitude and severity of most of hematological abnormalities were inversely proportional to the CD4 count in non-ART cases but not with cases on ART.Conclusion: The basic hematological parameters can be used as a prospective screening test to assess the severity and progression of HIV infection when CD4 count is not available. These parameters can also be used to assess the response to anti-retroviral treatment. Therefore, these basic hematological investigations readily available at all medical centers are of great use while treating HIV infected patients.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(4) 2016 14-18 

Use of an optical surface scanner in assessment of outcome following rhinoplasty surgery

2008 ◽  
Vol 122 (9) ◽  
pp. 972-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Chau ◽  
R Dasgupta ◽  
V Sauret ◽  
G Kenyon
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Optical Surface ◽  
Case Study Analysis ◽  
The Future ◽  
University College London ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Right

AbstractObjective:To demonstrate the use of an optical surface scanner, with associated software, in the assessment of rhinoplasty patients, and to discuss the possible clinical applications of this technology in the future.Design:Case study analysis of pre- and post-operative scans of a patient undergoing septorhinoplasty at Whipps Cross University Hospital, London, UK.Subject:A 21-year-old man undergoing septorhinoplasty underwent pre-operative optical surface scanning of his face. The scans were repeated at one week and one year post-operatively. Software developed at University College London was then used to analyse the scans.Results:The scans clearly showed that the man's dorsal hump had been well reduced and the nose straightened, with a resulting 1600 mm3 gain on the right side and a 1000 mm3 loss on the left side of the nose. Tip projection had also been achieved.Conclusion:This technique allowed objective quantification of facial features and analysis of change. It may well prove useful in the future in predicting change following surgical intervention.

scholarly journals Awareness and acceptance of contraceptives among the mothers of infants attending an immunization session at a field practices area of a tertiary care hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 374
Author(s):  
S. B. Gupta ◽  
Meenakshi Singh ◽  
Atul Kr. Singh ◽  
Huma Khan ◽  
Alpana Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Postpartum Contraception ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Contraceptive Measure ◽  
One Year ◽  
Type Of Delivery

Background: India was the first country in the world to have launched a National Programme for Family Planning.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in the in Vaccination unit of rural field practice area of Shri Ram Murti Smarak institute of Medical Sciences (SRMSIMS) Bareilly (U.P). Objective of the study was to assess knowledge and practice of postpartum contraception and factors affecting the usage of contraceptives in Rural area. All females who delivered within last one year were included in the study. A pre-structured questionnaire was used. A total of 98 females were included. The appropriate statistical analysis was done to present the results.Results: 28.57% females had adopted one or the other postpartum contraceptive measure. Condom was the most common method used. Usage of postpartum contraception was significantly associated with women’s and husband’s education, type of delivery and availing of antenatal and postnatal visits.Conclusions: Overall usage of postpartum contraception was low there is need to focus at every step to contact of these women with health facility or health workers.

scholarly journals Epidemiological determinants of infant deaths occurring in a teaching hospital: an observational study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1192
Author(s):  
M. N. Soumyashree ◽  
R. G. Viveki ◽  
Sunanda Halki
Keyword(s):  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Place Of Delivery ◽  
Demographic Profile ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Mother And Child Health ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
One Year

Background: India has the highest number of infant deaths, contributing about 23% to the global burden of infant deaths. Sustainable development goal states that, by 2030, preventable deaths of new-borns and children under 5 years of age should be ended, with all countries aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1000 live births and under-5 mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1000 live births. Aims of the study: (1) to understand the socio-demographic profile of the study cases, (2) to correlate the causes of infant deaths with age, parity and other obstetrics parameters.Methods: The present study was undertaken for the period of one year from January to December 2016. The study included 120 deceased infants from department of Pediatrics, Belagavi Institute of Medical Sciences (BIMS) Hospital, Belagavi. Information regarding socio-demographic profile, antenatal, intranatal and infant details were collected using a structured questionnaire.Results: 61.6% of study cases were male and three-fourth of them resided in rural area. 56.2% of the deceased infants were LBW, followed by VLBW (34.9%) and ELBW (8.9%).  The common causes of death among the deceased infants were prematurity (45%) followed by, birth asphyxia (34.2%), sepsis (12.5%), pneumonia (3.3%) and congenital anomalies and other (2.5%).Conclusions: Age of the infants, gestational age, place of delivery, delivery assisted and LBW were associated with infant deaths. There is a need for proper implementation of programmes related to mother and child health care.

scholarly journals Descriptive Study Analyzing Medical and Surgical Methods of Terminating First Trimester Pregnancy

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Bhaktabatsal Raut ◽  
Shreedhar Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Failure Rate ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Trimester Abortion ◽  
Surgical Methods ◽  
Education Status ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
One Year ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Post Abortion

INTRODUCTION: This study was conducted to analyze the medical and surgical methods of first trimester of pregnancy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A hospital based retrospective study done at Lumbini Zonal Hospital, Butwal over the period of one year, where all the women who had first trimester abortion services were analyzed. Age, parity, education status, failure rates and post abortion contraception were analyzed.RESULTS: There were total of 478 women who had abortion services, of which 244 women had medical method of abortion. Among them 4.89% were teenagers and 11.29% were primigravida and 6.9% were uneducated. The failure rate for medical method was 9% and for surgical method was 1.7%. Most women at their post abortion period asked for condoms, followed by DMPA, IUD and OCP as a method of contraception.CONCLUSION: Failure rate of medical method was high and acceptance of long acting post abortion contraception was low.Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2016) Vol.04 No.01 Issue 13, page: 1-5

scholarly journals Quantification of mortality and morbidity in general population of heavily-industrialized city of Abadan: Effect of long-term exposure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akram Ghorbanian ◽  
Ahmad Jonidi Jafari ◽  
Abbas Shahsavani ◽  
Ali Abdolahnejad ◽  
Majid Kermani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
Vice Chancellor ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

Introduction: In the 21st century, air pollution has become a global and environmental challenge. The increase in cases of illness and mortality due to air pollution is not hidden from anyone. Therefore, in this study, we estimated the mortality rate due to cause by air pollution agents (PM2.5) in the southernmost city of Khuzestan province (Abadan city) at 2018-2019. Materials and methods: To estimate the mortality duo to air pollution, data related to PM2.5 particles daily concentrations was received from the Abadan Environmental Protection Organization. The average 24-h concentrations of PM2.5 were calculated using Excel. Then, mortality data were obtained from the Vice Chancellor for Health, Abadan University of Medical Sciences. Finally, by AirQ+ software, each of the mortality in 2018-2019 in Abadan was estimated. Results: The obtained data indicated that the concentration of PM2.5 particles within the one-year period was higher than the value set by WHO guideline and EPA standard. Which caused the citizens of Abadan to be exposed to PM2.5 more than 8.23 times than the guidelines of the WHO and 5.34 times more than the standard of the EPA. The output of the model used in this study was as follows: natural mortality (462 cases, AP: 38.25%), mortality duo to LC (6 cases, AP: 32.18%), mortality duo to COPD (8 cases, AP: 26.64%), mortality duo to Stroke (86 cases, AP: 71.26%), mortality duo to IHD (183 cases, AP: 68.34%) and mortality duo to ALRI (2 cases, AP: 32.9%). Conclusion: Planning appropriate strategies of air pollution control to reduce exposure and attributable mortalities is important and necessary.

Non-Surgical Crigler massage for treatment of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in infants below one year age.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (06) ◽  
pp. 804-807
Author(s):  
Mohammad Alam
Keyword(s):  
Nasolacrimal Duct ◽  
Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction ◽  
Duct Obstruction ◽  
Topical Antibiotics ◽  
One Year ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Age Range

Objective: To analyse the efficacy of non-surgical Crigler massage for treatment of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in infants below one year age. Study Design:  Setting: Khyber Medical University Institute of Medical Sciences (KMU-IMS) KDA Teaching Hospital Kohat. Period: April 2014 to June 2019.  Materials & Methods:  on Non-Surgical Crigler massage for conservative   treatment of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in infants below one year age. Proper proforma was designed for documentation of patients and their follow up. Consents were taken from their parents. 93 patients with age range of 2-6 months with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction were included in the study out of which 51(54.83%) were male and 42(45.16%) were female. 79(84.94%) patients had unilateral while 14(15.05%) patients had bilateral congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. So total 107 eyes with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction were included. Parents were trained and educated for conservative non-surgical Crigler massage of the lacrimal sacs along with topical antibiotics. Parents were instructed to do 8-10 massage four times a day. Patients were followed up to one year of age. 11 patients were lost from complete follow up in which 9 had unilateral while 2 patients had bilateral congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Cumulatively 13 eyes were missed from follow up. Final results of remaining 82 patients with 94 eyes were analysed. Results: Out of 94 eyes epiphora was abolished with negative regurgitation test in 68(72.34%) patients at the end of one year while in 26(27.65%) the procedure was failed. Conclusion: Non-surgical conservative Crigler massage is very successful in management of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

Frequency and Causes of Pericardial Effusion in Patients Presenting to Emergency Department with Dyspnea

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1504-1506
Author(s):  
A. Abrar ◽  
F. Faisal ◽  
M. U. Rehman ◽  
A. A. Shah ◽  
M. Shoaib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Pericardial Effusion ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Detailed Medical History ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
One Year

Objective: To determine the frequency and causes of pericardial effusion in patients presenting to emergency department with dyspnea. Study Design: Prospective/Observational study Place & Duration:Cardiac Centre, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS),Islamabad for duration of one year from January 2019 to Dec 2019. Methods: A total 220 patients of both genders with ages above 20 years presented with dyspnea were enrolled in this study. Patients detailed medical history was recorded after taking informed consent. All patients had received echocardiography to examine the incidence of pericardial effusion. Causes of pericardial effusion were recorded. Data was analyzed by SPSS 24.0. Results: Out of 220 patients 38 (17.27%) patients had pericardial effusion. Among these 26 (68.42%) were males while rest 31.58% patients were females. 5 (13.16%) patients had ages <40 years while 33 (86.84%) patients had ages >40 years. 20 (52.63%) patients had small size effusion, 15 (39.47%) patients had moderate size and 3 (7.89%) patients had large size effusion. Neoplastic diseases were the commonest cause of pericardial effusion found in 15 (39.47%) patients followed by idiopathic in 10 (26.32%), uremia in 6 (15.79%) patients, 3 (7.89%) patients had bacterial infections, 3 (7.89%) had HIV positive and 1 (2.63%) patient had other. Conclusion: It is concluded that incidence of pericardial effusion is high in patients with unexplained dyspnea. Neoplastic was the commonest cause of pericardial effusion. Keywords: Pericardial Effusion, Frequency, Causes, Dyspnea. Electrocardiogram

scholarly journals A Descriptive Analysis of the Indications for Caesarean Section in Lumbini Zonal Hospital, Butwal

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Shreedhar Acharya ◽  
Bhaktabatsal Raut
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Caesarean Delivery ◽  
Caesarean Section Rate ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Fetal Distress ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cephalopelvic Disproportion ◽  
Case Files ◽  
One Year

AIM: This study was done to find out the incidence and to analyse the various indications for caesarean sections at Lumbini Zonal Hospital.MATERIALS & METHODS: This was a hospital based retrospective study done at Lumbini Zonal Hospital, Butwal. The case files of all the women who had caesarean delivery over the period of one year from 2071/4/1 to 2072/3/32 were reviewed. Various indications of caesarean sections were analysed for the incidence, age, parity, elective vs emergency caesareans.RESULTS: Out of 7589 deliveries, 1316 (17.34%) had caesarean section. Most common indications were previous caesarean 275 (20.89%), non progress of labour 245 (18.61%), cephalopelvic disproportion 222 (16.86%), fetal distress 215 (16.33%), etc. Majority of caesarean 1226 (93.16%) was done in the age group of 20-30yrs, primipara 702 (53.34%), and elective caesarean sections 766 (58.2%).CONCLUSION: Caesarean section rate at Lumbini Zonal Hospital was optimal. Most common indication was repeat caesarean. The overall reduction in caesarean section rate can be met through reduction of elective caesarean with the promotion of trial of labour.Study also concludes that there is a relation between working duration and health problems, and the problems increase as the duration at work increases.Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences, Vol. 5, No, 2, 2017, Page: 31-34

scholarly journals FINANCIAL HEALTH OF ENTERPRISES INTRODUCING SAFEGUARD PROCEDURE BASED ON BANKRUPTCY MODELS

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 692-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Schönfeld ◽  
Michal Kuděj ◽  
Luboš Smrčka
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Financial Health ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Problematic Situation ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
Financial Conditions ◽  
Time Period ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Individual

This paper is focused on the financial situation of enterprises introducing safeguard procedure (in other words moratorium) in the Czech Republic. The paper’s aim is to show if the enterprises asking for the safeguard procedure do have financial conditions for recovering and maintaining the going concern principle. The safeguard procedure should help the enterprise to solve their problematic situation because it protects them against creditors for the court approved time period. The safeguard procedure cannot be successful when the financial situation is extremely poor and therefore this paper analyses the enterprises’ financial situation upon applying for safeguard. The situation is evaluated using bankruptcy models, such as Altman Z-Score, Kralicek Quick Test, IN 99 and IN05. The evaluation is conducted in different time moments, specifically one year, two years and three years before implementing the safeguard procedure. Results for the individual enterprises are summed up by basic descriptive statistics as mean, median, low and upper quartiles. The results show that the financial situation of most enterprises was very poor before introducing the safeguard procedure and it had deteriorated during the years before.

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