Keratinolytic potential of bacterial endophytes isolated from Capsicum chinense of Northeast India

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-428
Author(s):  
Angkita Sharma ◽  
Pooja Singh ◽  
Preeti Arivaradarajan ◽  
Bidyut Kr Sarmah ◽  
Shoma Paul Nandi
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
Subtilis Strain ◽  
Bacterial Endophytes ◽  
Capsicum Chinense ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Spectra Analysis

Recent times highly demand an efficient and cost-effective alternative for keratin waste degradation. Studies have shown that microbial hydrolysis of keratin waste is a popular biotechnological substitute for the process of ker-atin waste valorization, which is achieved through the microbial keratinases. To sequester keratinolytic microorganisms with potential to influence com-mercial utilization as keratinase manufacturers, the present work evaluates the endophytic bacterial strains isolated from the host plant Capsicum chinense. Spectrophotometric analysis revealed that out of 4 isolated bacte-rial strains from the root and shoot parts of C. chinense, 1 strain showed sig-nificant caseinolytic and keratinolytic activities. The caseinase enzyme was measured spectrophotometrically and found to be 6.3 U/ml and the keratinase production was measured to be 93U/ml. Bacillus subtilis strain was used as a positive control. Molecular identification showed the efficient endophyte Cb4 to be Enterobacter sps, while the lesser efficient isolate Cb1 was identified as Proteus sps. The potential of the bacterial strains to dena-ture keratin substrates was assessed by SEM, FTIR spectra analysis. Bacterial endophytes isolated from the roots and shoots of C. chinense were tested for their economic importance to replace severe chemical approaches for remediating the environment. The results confirmed the amplified efficacy of the host plant, harboring the beneficial bacterial endophytes.

scholarly journals Herbal derived nanomedicines against for some human pathogens

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
A. Vinoth Kanna ◽  
R. Amirthavarshini ◽  
T. Uma sankari
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Spectra Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer

The aim of this study was to achieve the silver nanocrystals for therapeutic values. The Aristolochia bractiata leaves extract as a reducing substance for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles. UV-Vis spectra analysis, Dynamic Light Scattering Particle size analyzer, X-ray Diffraction method and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) have been employed to characterize and confirmed the nanocrystal formation. In antimicrobial activity, the silver nanoparticles were most against some human pathogens. In bacteria, the test sample was most effective against Salmonella typhimurium NCIM 2501 (B5) while smaller effect was noticed from Micrococcus luteus NCIM 2871 (B4). In fungi, which was effective against Trichophyton rubrum MTCC 3272 (F4) whereas smaller effect was observed in Cryptococcus sp. MTCC 7076 (F2). All the microbial strains depict higher sensitivity to the higher concentration (30?L) for the test sample when compared to the positive control except few bacterial strains.

scholarly journals Intracellular serine proteinase of Bacillus subtilis strain Marburg 168. Comparison with the homologous enzyme from Bacillus subtilis strain A-50

1979 ◽  
Vol 179 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Y Strongin ◽  
D I Gorodetsky ◽  
I A Kuznetsova ◽  
V V Yanonis ◽  
Z T Abramov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Serine Proteinase ◽  
Subtilis Strain ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Terminal Sequence ◽  
Gramicidin S ◽  
Intracellular Enzymes ◽  
Sepharose 4B ◽  
Homologous Enzyme ◽  
Strict Selection

Intracellular serine proteinase was isolated from sporulating cells of Bacillus subtilis Marburg 168 by gramicidin S-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. The enzymological characteristics, the amino acid composition and the 19 residues of the N-terminal sequence of the enzyme are reported. The isolated proteinase was closely related to, but not completely identical with, the intracellular serine proteinase of B. subtilis A-50. The divergence between these two intracellular enzymes was less than that between the corresponding extracellular serine proteinases (subtilisins) of types Carlsberg and BPN′!, produced by these bacterial strains. This may be connected with the more strict selection constraints imposed in intracellular enzymes during evolution.

scholarly journals Cost-Effective Fabrication, Antibacterial Application and Cell Viability Studies of Modified Nonwoven Cotton Fabric

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahat Nawaz ◽  
Sayed Tayyab Raza Naqvi ◽  
Batool Fatima ◽  
Nazia Zulfiqar ◽  
Muhammad Umer Farooq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Toxicity Assay

Abstract Nonwoven cotton fabric has been fabricated and designed for antibacterial applications using low cost and ecofriendly precursors. The treatment of fabric with alkali leads to formation of active sites. The surfaces were dip coated with silver nanaoparticles and chitosan. The surface was chlorinated in next step to transform amide (N-H) groups in chitosan into N-halamine (N-Cl). The modified and unmodified surfaces of the nonwoven cotton fabric have been characterized by FTIR, SEM, and XRD. The active chlorine loading is measured with iodine/ sodium thiosulphate. The antimicrobial activity and cell toxicity assay were carried out with and without modifications of nonwoven cotton fabric. The antimicrobial efficacies of loaded fabric were evaluated against four bacterial species (Micrococcus lutes, Staphylococcus aurea, Enterobacter aerogenes, and E.coli). It was found that modified fabric exhibited superior efficiency against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains as compared to their bulk counterparts upon exposure without destroying and affecting fabric nature. The overall process is economical for commercial purposes. The modified fabric can be used for antimicrobial, health, and food packaging industries, and in other biomedical applications.

scholarly journals Production of β-Lactamase Inhibitors by Streptomyces Species

Antibiotics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Viana Marques ◽  
Suellen Machado ◽  
Valéria Ebinuma ◽  
Carolina Duarte ◽  
Attilio Converti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Streptomyces Species ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Microbial Products ◽  
Type Strains ◽  
Streptomyces Genus

β-Lactamase inhibitors have emerged as an effective alternative to reduce the effects of resistance against β-lactam antibiotics. The Streptomyces genus is known for being an exceptional natural source of antimicrobials and β-lactamase inhibitors such as clavulanic acid, which is largely applied in clinical practice. To protect against the increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains, new antibiotics and β-lactamase inhibitors need to be discovered and developed. This review will cover an update about the main β-lactamase inhibitors producers belonging to the Streptomyces genus; advanced methods, such as genetic and metabolic engineering, to enhance inhibitor production compared with wild-type strains; and fermentation and purification processes. Moreover, clinical practice and commercial issues are discussed. The commitment of companies and governments to develop innovative strategies and methods to improve the access to new, efficient, and potentially cost-effective microbial products to combat the antimicrobial resistance is also highlighted.

Effect of pretreatments and temperature on rehydration kinetics of naga chili (Capsicum chinense)

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
M.R. Rana ◽  
K.N. Sakib ◽  
M.Z. Islam ◽  
P.C. Das ◽  
R. Ara
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Ethyl Oleate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Microwave Treatment ◽  
Capsicum Chinense ◽  
Nutrient Quality ◽  
Zero Order Kinetics ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
C 50 ◽  
Drying Conditions

Naga chili (Capsicum chinense) is rich in capsaicin content that provides a distinctive aroma and strong pungency. Drying with pretreatment is regarded as a cost-effective approach to retain better nutrient quality, whereas rehydration properties consider a quality index to optimize the drying conditions. This study aimed to determine rehydration kinetics and rehydration characteristics of pretreated hot-air dried Naga chili. The pretreatment was consisting of water blanching (90°C for 5 mins), steam blanching (100° C for 1 min), microwave treatment (650 W for 100 s), and dipping into sugar 70°Bx, 0.5% citric acid, 2% ethyl oleate + 3% potassium carbonate, and 2% potassium meta bi-sulfite solution. After drying at 60°C, the rehydration was done at 25°C, 50°C, and 75°C, respectively. The rehydration kinetics were evaluated by fitting the experimental data into empirical kinetic models: Peleg's model, 2nd order, 1st order, and Zero-order kinetics. Among these models, the rehydration behavior was best described by Peleg's model, where the highest R2 (0.9964), lowest χ 2 (0.0001) and RMSE (0.0064) values were obtained. Different rehydration characteristics such as moisture content, equilibrium moisture content, rehydration ratios were also determined. The highest moisture content (8.10 g moisture/g dry sample) was found at higher rehydration temperature (75°C), whereas the lowest moisture content ranges were recorded at 25°C. After moisture contents got equilibrium, the rehydrated samples gain weight to 100.15% at 75°C in comparison to the untreated samples. The rehydration ratios were also getting higher with increasing rehydration temperatures.

CHARACTERIZATION, ANTIMICROBIAL, AND METABOLIC ACTIVITY OF GREEN AND CHEMICALLY SYNTHESIZED ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
SUMATHI S ◽  
BANUPRIYA SJS ◽  
AKHILA V ◽  
PADMA PR
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Hemolysis Assay

Objectives: The aim of the present study is a synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) by green and chemical method. The nanoparticles were tested for their antimicrobial, antibiofilm activity, biocompatibility, and hemolysis activity. Methods: We have synthesized ZnONPs both by green and chemical synthesis using the coprecipitation method. To understand the functional group, absorbance, crystalline nature, size, and shape of the synthesized particles, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy were done. Antibacterial activity was carried out using different bacterial strains. The cytotoxicity of synthesized nanoparticles was checked using MTT assay with Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antibiofilm activities of both synthesized nanoparticles were done using Staphylococcus aureus and to assess the toxicity of nanoparticles at the cellular level, hemolysis assay was performed. Results: The yield of nanoparticles in green synthesis was much higher when compared to chemical synthesis. Spectral results showed that the synthesized nanoparticles were ZnONPs. Antibacterial, antibiofilm, and hemolysis assay showed that green nanoparticles were more potent than chemical nanoparticles. Conclusion: Hence, green synthesis provides an advantage over chemical synthesis as it is cost effective, environmentally friendly, and easily scaled up for large-scale synthesis.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of an Amnion-Chorion Membrane to Oral Microbes

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haroon Ashraf ◽  
Kerri Font ◽  
Charles Powell ◽  
Michael Schurr
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Collagen Membrane ◽  
Wound Healing Process ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Oral Microbes ◽  
Negative Controls

Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate wound biomodification by assessing antimicrobial properties present within a human-derived composite amnion-chorion membrane (ACM). Methods. Membranes analyzed were the human-derived ACM BioXclude™ and the porcine-derived collagen membrane Bio-Gide®. Paper discs with and without tetracycline served as positive and negative controls, respectively. The same number of colony-forming units per milliliter for each bacterial species (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Streptococcus mutans, and Streptococcus oralis) was inoculated on each of the discs. Discs from each group were removed at 12 and 24 hours and sonicated to remove the bacteria off the membranes. A serial dilution was performed to quantify bacterial growth. Results. The ACM inhibited growth at all time points, with all bacterial strains, identical to the negative control tetracycline discs. The collagen membrane and positive controls did not inhibit growth of any of the bacterial species throughout the 24-hour study period. P<0.05 for microbial growth on ACM or negative control vs. either collagen membrane or positive control. Conclusion. ACM was proven to be as bactericidal as paper discs inoculated with tetracycline at its minimum bactericidal concentration. The ACM bactericidal property may be beneficial in the early wound healing process.

Activity of free fatty acids-rich non-polar fractions from fruits of Capsicum chinense var. Criolla and Jaguar

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 220-226
Author(s):  
J. Efrain Ramirez-Benitez ◽  
Ibis Vargas Paredes ◽  
Luis F. Cuevas Glory ◽  
Enrique Sauri Duch ◽  
Victor M. Moo Huchin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Capsicum Chinense ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Plant Essential Oils ◽  
Unripe Fruits

Plant-essential oils have been considered as an important source of bioactive molecules like antimicrobials, analgesics, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogen agents. Biological functions of plant extracts from the genus Capsicum are unknown. In the present work, non-polar fractions of ripe and unripe fruits of Capsicum chinense Jacq. Cultivar (cv.) Jaguar and Criollo were obtained by hexane-batch extraction and tested for antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacterial strain Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Gram-positive bacterial strains Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228), and yeast Candida albicans (ATCC 90028). Non-polar fractions from ripe fruits for both cv. exhibited greater antimicrobial activity compared to unripe fruits. Implication of numbered FFA’s on observed antimicrobial activity are discussed.

Evaluating the Efficacy of Oxalic Acid Vaporization and Brood Interruption in Controlling the Honey Bee Pest Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 582-588
Author(s):  
Cameron J Jack ◽  
Edzard van Santen ◽  
James D Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Varroa Destructor ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Colony Management ◽  
Varroa Control

Abstract A successful Integrated Pest Management approach to Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman control in managed colonies of western honey bees Apis mellifera Linnaeus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) must be an improvement over conventional control methods and include cost-effective treatments that can be readily employed by beekeepers. Herein, we tested the efficacy of oxalic acid (OA) vaporization and brood interruption as Varroa controls. Sixty experimental colonies were randomly assigned to one of six treatment groups with 10 colonies per group. The six treatments were: 1) OA applied once, 2) OA applied three times, 3) brood interruption, 4) OA applied once + brood interruption, 5) OA applied three times + brood interruption, and 6) no OA or brood interruption. The OA was applied via vaporization, with each application being 1 g OA applied through the hive entrance (label rate), on the bottom board. Brood interruption was accomplished by caging a colony’s queen in a queen cage for a period of 24 d. An additional 10 colonies were treated with amitraz (Apivar - positive control). Varroa levels were estimated before, during, and after treatment applications using sticky boards left in colonies for 3 d. Our data suggest that queen caging to achieve brood interruption during the fall season can negatively impact colony strength and survival. We observed high colony mortality in some treatments, despite diligent colony management to alleviate the side effects of the treatments. Colonies treated with amitraz were healthier and had better survival than those treated with OA vaporization. In conclusion, OA and/or brood interruption did not provide sufficient Varroa control.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document