Anti-Jewish Violence in Poland, 1918‒1939 and 1945‒1947

2000 ◽  
pp. 34-61
Author(s):  
Joanna Michlic-coren
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Anti Jewish ◽  
Private Homes ◽  
Historical Periods

This chapter discusses anti-Jewish violence in twentieth-century Poland. Historical research has tended to focus on descriptions of individual riots, such as the Przytyk pogrom of March 9, 1936 and the Kielce pogrom of July 4, 1946, or on discussion of a particular historical period. There has been no attempt to explore the similarities and differences between the mechanisms of and reactions to anti-Jewish riots. The chapter looks at the link between the myth of the Jew as the ‘Threatening Other’ and eruptions of anti-Jewish excesses between 1918 and 1939 and between 1945 and 1947, concentrating on the extent to which this myth influenced the initiation and evaluation of anti-Jewish violence in these two distinctive historical periods. The term ‘violence’ refers to the following types of actions: inflicting damage on Jewish properties, including private homes, shops, institutions, and synagogues; slander; physical harassment; assaults; and murder. The chapter also outlines the socio-historical context in which the anti-Jewish violent disturbances and riots occurred in both periods.

scholarly journals Book publishing in Ukraine in the second half of the 20th century and artistic illustration in the works of V. Poltavets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Poltavets-Guida
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Book Publishing ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Graphic Art ◽  
Book Printing ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
High Level ◽  
Historical Periods

The purpose of the article is to consider the graphic works of V. Poltavets-illustrator in the context of the development of book printing in Ukraine in the second half of the twentieth century, conduct a comparative analysis of the development of this industry in different eras, and identify their relationship. The methodology of the article is based on the chronological method of historical research, the biographical method, the method of observing the artist’s practical activities in different time periods, the method of analyzing works of art. The scientific novelty consists in the chronological systematization and comparative analysis of typography and graphic art in different historical periods, the study of the continuity of traditions and innovation in art, their interrelation, and a sequential examination of the creative heritage of the famous artist. Conclusion. The analysis shows a high level of development of publishing in Ukraine, the presence of art school and talented illustrators, indicates insufficient scientific coverage of this topic.

10. Postcolonial and decolonial approaches

2019 ◽  
pp. 160-176
Author(s):  
Meera Sabaratnam
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Approaches To Studying ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Political Struggles ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Similarities And Differences

This chapter looks at postcolonial and decolonial approaches to studying world politics, arguing that these are multilayered and diverse. These do not constitute a single ‘theory’ of the international but rather a set of orientations to show how to think about it. The chapter starts by separating a number of different elements involved in theorizing the world, and how postcolonial and decolonial approaches look at them. These include questions of epistemology, ontology, and norms or ethics. It then examines the historical context in which postcolonial and decolonial approaches arose, showing that there was a dynamic relationship between political struggles for decolonization and the development of different intellectual arguments. It considers where postcolonial and decolonial approaches have emerged and where they depart from each other in terms of analysis and focus. Having traced these traditions through the twentieth century, the chapter describes the key concepts used in postcolonial and decolonial thought across different disciplines, before looking at their impact on the field of international relations (IR). The chapter also explores the similarities and differences between different approaches and other theories in the field of IR. Finally, it contemplates the on-going popularity of postcolonial and decolonial approaches in the present day.

scholarly journals Comparative Historical Research: German Examples

1993 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Kocka
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Systematic Comparison ◽  
Historical Comparison ◽  
Conceptual Explanation ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Systematic Identification ◽  
Events Study

Systematic comparison was alien to the historicist paradigm which dominated historical research and literature in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, particularly in Germany. Anyone aiming to reconstruct historical phenomena as individual events, study them under the aspect of ”development” and understand them in their context would not be interested in systematic identification of similarities and differences or in their explanation. Narrative and comparison were and are opposites. Without conceptual explanation and theoretical input, historical comparison is not possible. Because German historians were strongly influenced by the historicist paradigm until well into the second third of the twentieth century, systematic comparison did not play a major role in their work. In essence it was left to important outsiders like Otto Hintze and historically oriented sociologists like Max Weber.

scholarly journals ALGIRDAS JULIEN GREIMAS E ROLAND BARTHES: SEMELHANÇAS E DIFERENÇAS ENTRE A SEMIÓTICA E A SEMIOLOGIA ALGIRDAS JULIEN GREIMAS AND ROLAND BARTHES: SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SEMIOTICS AND SEMIOLOGY

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Rogério Martins COSTA ◽  
Patrícia Margarida Farias COELHO
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Roland Barthes ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Bibliographic Analysis ◽  
Discourse Studies ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Relationship

RESUMO: Este artigo aborda a relação desses dois grandes pensadores do século XX, Algirdas Julien Greimas (1917-1992) e Roland Barthes (1915-1980), que desenvolveram os estudos pioneiros sobre o nível transfrástico da língua. O objetivo é discutir as pesquisas de Barthes e de Greimas com o intuito de apreender as convergências e divergências que acolhem e separam esses dois pensadores revolucionários do campo das ciências humanas. Como metodologia, este estudo tem caráter exploratório, com fundamentação bibliográfica nas pesquisas desses autores. Para a análise bibliográfica, dividimos este artigo em duas partes, a saber: (1) o contexto histórico em que estão inseridos esses dois pesquisadores; e (2) as semelhanças e as diferenças dos estudos semióticos e semiológicos. Como resultado, este estudo aponta as relevantes e diferentes perspectivas desses autores no cenário dos estudos do texto e discurso.Palavras-chave: semiótica; semiologia; estruturalismo. ABSTRACT: Algidas Julien Greimas and Roland Barthes : similarities and differences between semiotics and semiology -  This article discusses the relationship between these two great thinkers of the twentieth century, Algirdas Julien Greimas (1917-1992)  and Roland Barthes (1915-1980), who developed the pioneering studies on the level beyond sentence in the language. The objective is to discuss the semiotic researches of Barthes and Greimas in order to apprehend the convergences and the divergences that join and separate these two thinkers revolutionaries of the field of human sciences. As a methodology, this study has an exploratory character, with a bibliographic basis in the researches of these authors. For the bibliographic analysis, we divide this article into two parts, namely: (1) the historical context in which these two researchers are inserted; and (2) the similarities and differences of semiotic and semiological studies. As a result, this study points out the relevant and different perspectives of these authors in the context of text and discourse studies. Keywords: semiotics; semiology; structuralism.

The role of Constitutional Courts in Transitional Justice: Colombia and South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadiehezka Paola Palencia Tejedor
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Constitutional Courts ◽  
Political Background ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Peace And Reconciliation

This work focuses on a compared analysis of the South Afri- can decision related to the “peace and reconciliation act” of this country’s Parliament, and the Colombian decision regarding the amendment of the constitution called “The juridical framework for the peace.” Turning to the structure, it is developed in three major topics: 1. It provides a brief of the historical context, political background and an overview of the two decisions.2. It gives a structural analysis of the powers that each Court has and the nature of the constitutional mechanism through which both Courts decided the constitutionality of the said norms 3. It presents a critical analysis on the similarities and differences between the two systems and judgments. It presents some con- clusions. 

scholarly journals Representing, commemorating, and memorizing terrorist attacks: Discussing the US and French experiences

2021 ◽  
pp. 263300242110244
Author(s):  
Alice M. Greenwald ◽  
Clifford Chanin ◽  
Henry Rousso ◽  
Michel Wieviorka ◽  
Mohamed-Ali Adraoui
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
The United States ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
The Political ◽  
Modes Of Operation ◽  
The Us ◽  
Places Of Memory ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Do So

How do societies and states represent the historical, moral, and political weight of the terrorist attacks they have had to face? Having suffered in recent years from numerous terrorist attacks on their soil originating from jihadist movements, and often led by actors who were also their own citizens, France and the United States have set up—or seek to do so—places of memory whose functions, conditions of creation, modes of operation, and nature of the messages sent may vary. Three of the main protagonists and initiators of two museum-memorial projects linked to terrorist attacks have agreed to deliver their visions of the role and of the political, social, and historical context in which these projects have emerged. Allowing to observe similarities and differences between the American and French approach, this interview sheds light on the place of memory and feeling in societies struck by tragic events and seeking to cure their ills through memory and commemoration.

scholarly journals ‘From Zionism to Communism’: Emilio Sereni and the Consiglio di Gestione in postwar Italy

Modern Italy ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Andrea Bonfanti
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Postwar Italy

This essay demonstrates that it is impossible to appreciate the actions of the Italian communist Emilio Sereni without considering his Zionist background. Anyone who is interested in understanding the complexities of communism in the past century and to avoid simplistic conclusions about this ideology will benefit from the study. The problem at stake is that researchers often approach communism in a monolithic manner, which does not adequately explain the multiform manifestations (practical and theoretical) of that phenomenon. This ought to change and to this extent this essay hopes to contribute to that recent strand of historical research that challenges simplistic views on communism. More specifically, by analysing the Management Councils that Sereni created in postwar Italy, we can see that many of their features in fact derived from, or found their deepest origins in, his previous experience as a committed socialist Zionist. The study, then, also relates Sereni to and looks at the broader experiences of early twentieth-century Zionism and Italian communism in the early postwar years.

scholarly journals Michael Katz's Contribution to Social and Social Welfare History

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 768-771
Author(s):  
Mark J. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Reagan Administration ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Twentieth Century Literature ◽  
Welfare History ◽  
Social Welfare History ◽  
Undeserving Poor ◽  
Century Literature

Michael Katz began work on social welfare during the late 1970s with a project entitled “The Casualties of Industrialization.” That project led to a series of essays, Poverty and Policy in American History (Katz 1983), and a few years later to In the Shadow of the Poorhouse (Katz 1986). His reading in twentieth-century literature for Shadow—and the ideological and policy nostrums of the Reagan administration—allowed Katz to pivot to two books that frame contemporary welfare debates in their historical context—The Undeserving Poor in 1989 and The Price of Citizenship in 2001, as well as a set of essays Improving Poor People (Katz 1995) that he published between the two.

PECULIARITIES OF LIGHT FUNCTIONING IN MODERN GREEK CATHOLIC CHURCHES OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-260
Author(s):  
Yatsiv M ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sacred Space ◽  
Light Environment ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Religious Ritual ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Lighting Systems ◽  
Catholic Churches ◽  
The Temple

In each historical period, light played an important mystical role in the creation of the sacred space of the temple, and was and is an integral part of religious ritual. Light is an architectural phenomenon, the formative and communicative element of the spatial structure of the temple, the most important factor in the perception of space and layout of the temple. The subject of the analysis contained in the article is the light environment in the space of modern churches of Ukraine. An analysis of the functions of light in churches is made on the example of recently built iconic Greek Catholic temples. The peculiarities of the distribution of natural and artificial light in the space of modern churches, the similarities and differences in the organization of the light environment, as compared to the historical temples, have been revealed. The influence of the light on the architectonics of temples and the visual perception of their object environment, on the formation of the corresponding mystical mood and sacred atmosphere is defined. The values and functions of electric lighting in the structure of the light environment of the temple, the directions of development of electric lighting systems due to the expansion of their utilitarian and decorative functions are determined.

John Hinshaw, Steel and Steelworkers: Race and Class Struggle in Twentieth-Century Pittsburgh. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2002. 320 pp. $75.50 cloth; $25.95 paper

2004 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 227-229
Author(s):  
Ruth Needleman
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Class Struggle ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
State University ◽  
Race And Class ◽  
The Past ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Growing Body

Richly descriptive and well documented, Steel and Steelworkers: Race and Class Struggle in Twentieth-Century Pittsburgh by John Hinshaw makes a significant contribution to the growing body of historical research on steel unionism in the twentieth century. Over the past few years, a number of new studies have broadened our understanding of unionization and work practices in the nation's steel mills, by examining in greater detail the patterns of organization in specific mills and mill towns.

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