Bacteriocins of Gram-positive bacteria having activity spectra extending beyond closely-related species

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Todorov ◽  
B.D.G. de Melo Franco ◽  
J.R. Tagg
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Activity Spectrum ◽  
Novel Applications ◽  
Selection Of

Bacteriocins are bacterially-produced antimicrobial peptides that have killing activity principally against other relatively closely-related bacteria. Some bacteriocins of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have for many years been extensively applied in food biopreservation. However, especially during the last decade, a number of reports have appeared about unanticipated extensions to the generally rather narrow anti-bacterial activity spectrum of some of the LAB bacteriocins and novel applications have been proposed for bacteriocins ranging from controlling the growth of an increasingly-heterogeneous variety of pathogens, including Gram-negative multidrug resistant bacteria, viruses, yeasts, and in particular, difficult to control Mycobacterium spp., to their potential application as anticancer agents. How best can we assess this now rapidly-accumulating stream of reports on potential future applications of bacteriocins? Where is the line between realistic, science-based proposals and highly-speculative fiction and what are the ‘critical points’ that might help us to draw this line? In this review, we have attempted to analyse a selection of the presently-available data concerning relatively ‘unorthodox’ (i.e. beyond food preservation) applications of bacteriocins, and, by utilising our set of ‘critical points’, we endeavour to identify essential or/and missing information that appear crucial for success of the proposed applications.

scholarly journals Sarconesin II, a New Antimicrobial Peptide Isolated from Sarconesiopsis magellanica Excretions and Secretions

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Díaz-Roa ◽  
Abraham Espinoza-Culupú ◽  
Orlando Torres-García ◽  
Monamaris M. Borges ◽  
Ivan N. Avino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Peptide Sequence ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Conserved Domain ◽  
Health Institutions

Antibiotic resistance is at dangerous levels and increasing worldwide. The search for new antimicrobial drugs to counteract this problem is a priority for health institutions and organizations, both globally and in individual countries. Sarconesiopsis magellanica blowfly larval excretions and secretions (ES) are an important source for isolating antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). This study aims to identify and characterize a new S. magellanica AMP. RP-HPLC was used to fractionate ES, using C18 columns, and their antimicrobial activity was evaluated. The peptide sequence of the fraction collected at 43.7 min was determined by mass spectrometry (MS). Fluorescence and electronic microscopy were used to evaluate the mechanism of action. Toxicity was tested on HeLa cells and human erythrocytes; physicochemical properties were evaluated. The molecule in the ES was characterized as sarconesin II and it showed activity against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli MG1655, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, P. aeruginosa PA14) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Micrococcus luteus A270) bacteria. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration obtained was 1.9 μM for M. luteus A270; the AMP had no toxicity in any cells tested here and its action in bacterial membrane and DNA was confirmed. Sarconesin II was documented as a conserved domain of the ATP synthase protein belonging to the Fli-1 superfamily. The data reported here indicated that peptides could be alternative therapeutic candidates for use in infections against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and eventually as a new resource of compounds for combating multidrug-resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Resistance of Gram-Positive Bacteria to Current Antibacterial Agents and Overcoming Approaches

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buthaina Jubeh ◽  
Zeinab Breijyeh ◽  
Rafik Karaman
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Medical Interventions ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
Emergence Of Resistance

The discovery of antibiotics has created a turning point in medical interventions to pathogenic infections, but unfortunately, each discovery was consistently followed by the emergence of resistance. The rise of multidrug-resistant bacteria has generated a great challenge to treat infections caused by bacteria with the available antibiotics. Today, research is active in finding new treatments for multidrug-resistant pathogens. In a step to guide the efforts, the WHO has published a list of the most dangerous bacteria that are resistant to current treatments and requires the development of new antibiotics for combating the resistance. Among the list are various Gram-positive bacteria that are responsible for serious healthcare and community-associated infections. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, and drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae are of particular concern. The resistance of bacteria is an evolving phenomenon that arises from genetic mutations and/or acquired genomes. Thus, antimicrobial resistance demands continuous efforts to create strategies to combat this problem and optimize the use of antibiotics. This article aims to provide a review of the most critical resistant Gram-positive bacterial pathogens, their mechanisms of resistance, and the new treatments and approaches reported to circumvent this problem.

scholarly journals Lantibiotics: A Candidate for Future Generation of Antibiotics

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Asaduzzaman ◽  
Abdullah Al-Mahin ◽  
Tanvir Bashar ◽  
Rashed Noor
Keyword(s):  
Future Generation ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Peptide Antibiotic ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Chemical Reagents ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Modes Of Action

Emergence of multi-resistant pathogens has urged the exploration of antibiotic repertoires. The long reliability on the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin against fatal diseases caused by Gram-positive bacteria is also in wrecked to insist on finding more promising alternative antibiotics. The peptide antibiotic nisin is effective against vancomycin resistant bacteria. Nisin is the first lantibiotic that was discovered before penicillin and has been widely used as a safe alternative for chemical reagents in food preservation in around 50 countries for over 40 years without natural resistance development. Therefore, lantibiotics are one of the most promising alternative candidate for future antibiotics that maintain their antibacterial efficacy by many modes of action. Till now, more than 60 lantibiotics have been isolated, identified and characterized. We explained various aspects of biosynthesis, grouping, mutagenesis, activities and modes of action of lantibiotics in this review. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v1i1.9096 Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.1(1), July 2011, p.1-12

scholarly journals NastyBugs: A simple method for extracting antimicrobial resistance information from metagenomes

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1971
Author(s):  
Hsinyi Tsang ◽  
Matthew Moss ◽  
Greg Fedewa ◽  
Sharif Farag ◽  
Daniel Quang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Selection ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Metagenomic Sample ◽  
Clinical Tools ◽  
Efficient Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Multidrug resistant bacteria are becoming a major threat to global public health. While there are many possible causes for this, there have so far been few adequate solutions to this problem. One of the major causes is a lack of clinical tools for efficient selection of an antibiotic in a reliable way. NastyBugs is a new program that can identify what type of antimicrobial resistance is most likely present in a metagenomic sample, which will allow for both smarter drug selection by clinicians and faster research in an academic environment.

scholarly journals Bacteriocins, Antimicrobial Peptides from Bacterial Origin: Overview of Their Biology and Their Impact against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Simons ◽  
Kamel Alhanout ◽  
Raphaël E. Duval
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Further Development

Currently, the emergence and ongoing dissemination of antimicrobial resistance among bacteria are critical health and economic issue, leading to increased rates of morbidity and mortality related to bacterial infections. Research and development for new antimicrobial agents is currently needed to overcome this problem. Among the different approaches studied, bacteriocins seem to be a promising possibility. These molecules are peptides naturally synthesized by ribosomes, produced by both Gram-positive bacteria (GPB) and Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), which will allow these bacteriocin producers to survive in highly competitive polymicrobial environment. Bacteriocins exhibit antimicrobial activity with variable spectrum depending on the peptide, which may target several bacteria. Already used in some areas such as agro-food, bacteriocins may be considered as interesting candidates for further development as antimicrobial agents used in health contexts, particularly considering the issue of antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this review is to present an updated global report on the biology of bacteriocins produced by GPB and GNB, as well as their antibacterial activity against relevant bacterial pathogens, and especially against multidrug-resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Genome Sequences of Three Spore-Forming Bacteria Isolated from the Feces of Organically Raised Chickens

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Kennedy ◽  
Tricia A. Van Laar ◽  
Omoshola Aleru ◽  
Michael Thomas ◽  
Michelle Ganci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Feed Supplements ◽  
Chicken Feces ◽  
Spore Forming Bacteria

Antibiotic feed supplements have been implicated in the rise of multidrug-resistant bacteria. An alternative to antibiotics is probiotics. Here, we report the genome sequences of two Bacillus and one Solibacillus species, all spore-forming, Gram-positive bacteria, isolated from the feces organically raised chicken feces, with potential to serve as probiotics.

scholarly journals Biological activity of 3-(2-benzoxazol-5-yl)alanine derivatives

Amino Acids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Guzow ◽  
Ewa Mulkiewicz ◽  
Michał Obuchowski ◽  
Wiesław Wiczk
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Chemistry Industry ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

AbstractSearching for new drugs is still a challenge for science, mainly because of civilization development and globalization which promote the rapid spread of diseases, which is particularly dangerous in the case of infectious ones. Moreover, readily available already known antibiotics are often overused or misused, possibly contributing to the increase in the number of multidrug-resistant microorganisms. A consequence of this is the need for new structures of potential drugs. One of them is a benzoxazole moiety, a basic skeleton of a group of fluorescent heterocyclic compounds already widely used in chemistry, industry, and medicine, which is also present in naturally occurring biologically active compounds. Moreover, synthetic benzoxazoles are also biologically active. Considering all of that, a large group of non-proteinogenic amino acids based on 3-(2-benzoxazol-5-yl)alanine skeleton was studied in search for new antimicrobial and anticancer agents. Screening tests revealed that antibacterial potential of 41 compounds studied is not very high; however, they are selective acting only against Gram-positive bacteria (B. subtilis). Moreover, almost half of the studied compounds have antifungal properties, also against pathogens (C. albicans). Most of studied compounds are toxic to both normal and cancer cells. However, in a few cases, toxicity to normal cells is much lower than for cancer cells indicating these compounds as future anticancer agents. The research carried out on such a large group of compounds allowed to establish a structure–activity relationship which enables to select candidates for further modifications, necessary to improve their biological activity and obtain a new lead structure with potential for therapeutic use.

scholarly journals Multidrug Resistant Bacterial Profile and Patterns for Pus Isolates and Recurrent Wound Infections in Nongovernmental Hospitals of Jordan

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
Hashem A. Abu-Harirah ◽  
Kawther Amawi ◽  
Ammar S. Ali Deeb ◽  
Haytham M. Daradka ◽  
Nawal Fares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
P Value ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Background: Many types of infection can cause pus Infections involving the bacteria; E.coli, so the assessment of multidrug Bacterial profile and patterns is needed to understand the source and management of these injuries. Purpose: To determine infections and patterns toward antibiotics of pus isolates and recurrent wound infections in nongovernmental hospitals of Jordan Methods: During period eleven months, 607 Patients were involved, out of which 128 patients had pus samples and/or recurrent wound infections. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20. P value was set at <0.05. Results: One hundred twenty eight (21.1%) out of 607 patients were identified to had pus isolates and/or wound recurrent infections 86(87%) out of 128 patients had infections with known pathogenic microbes. Microbiological culture pattern was total of 19 different pathogenic microorganisms were isolated from the participants, with mixed gram-positive and gram-negative species; percentage of 37% gram-positive aerobic bacteria and 63% gram-negative aerobic bacteria. Conclusion: The global burden from multidrug resistant bacteria highly impacted in wound and pus-causing infections, either in hospital acquired infections or community acquired infections. The main causative agents of recurrent wound infection were Staph. aureus MRSA, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp (MDR). Gram-negative bacteria caused the most of infections by more than 67% comparing with gram-positive bacteria.

scholarly journals Spotlight on New Antibiotics for the Treatment of Pneumonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117954842098278
Author(s):  
Alessandro Russo
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Oral Formulations ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
New Compounds

In the last years, the presence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative (like Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii) and Gram-positive bacteria (mostly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) was worldwide reported, limiting the options for an effective antibiotic therapy. For these reasons, inappropriate antimicrobial therapy and delayed prescription can lead to an unfavorable outcome, especially in patients with pneumonia. New antibiotics approved belong to classes of antimicrobials, like beta-lactams with or without beta-lactamase inhibitors, aminoglycosides, oxazolidinones, quinolones, and tetracyclines, or based on new mechanisms of action. These new compounds show many advantages, including a broad spectrum of activity against MDR pathogens, good lung penetration, safety and tolerability, and finally the possibility of intravenous and/or oral formulations. However, the new antibiotics under development represent an important possible armamentarium against difficult-to-treat strains. The safety and clinical efficacy of these future drugs should be tested in clinical practice. In this review, there are reported characteristics of newly approved antibiotics that represent potential future options for the treatment of respiratory tract infections, including those caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Finally, the characteristics of the drugs under development are briefly reported.

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