Saccharomyces cerevisiae (YT001) supplementation for the control of Haemonchus contortus and modulation of the immune response of sheep

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.B. Pinto ◽  
E.B. Gaspar ◽  
A.P. Minho ◽  
R. Domingues ◽  
M.Q. de Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Serum Igg

Studies aiming at the development and evaluation of alternative methods to minimise losses caused by the gastrointestinal nematode Haemonchus contortus are extremely important. Such research is essential, given the high morbidity rates among sheep and the significant mortality rates of lambs, allied to the low efficacy of commercial products for the control of this parasite. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae (YT001 – YEASTECH) on the control of H. contortus and its modulation of the immune response in experimentally infected sheep. Eighteen sheep were divided into two groups. Group 1, the control group, comprised animals infected with H. contortus and supplemented with distilled water, while Group 2, the treated group, consisted of animals infected and supplemented with S. cerevisiae (400 million cfu/day of suspension for 49 days). The following parasitological parameters were evaluated: number of eggs per gram of faeces, number of infective larvae (L3) recovered per faecal culture, and parasitic load of the abomasum. The following immunological parameters were quantified: immunoglobulin (Ig)A in the mucous secretions and serum IgG; cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-10; number of eosinophils in the abomasal mucosa and groups of cells positive for the markers: MHCII, CD4+CD25+, CD5+CD8+, WC4, CD5+CD4+, CD8+CD11b+ and CD5+WC1 by whole blood flow cytometry. The results revealed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the number of larvae and significantly higher serum IgG levels (P<0.05) in the group supplemented with S. cerevisiae. The supplemented animals showed significantly larger numbers of eosinophils (P<0.05), as well as more cells positive for MHCII, CD4+CD25+, CD5+CD8+ than the control animals. This study confirmed the beneficial action of S. cerevisiae on the host immune response to H. contortus, as evidenced mainly by the smaller number of L3 recovered from the faeces of sheep supplemented with S. cerevisiae.

scholarly journals Impact of Prebiotics and Synbiotics Administered in ovo on the Immune Response against Experimental Antigens in Chicken Broilers

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 643
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Stefaniak ◽  
Jan P. Madej ◽  
Stanisław Graczyk ◽  
Maria Siwek ◽  
Ewa Łukaszewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Air Chamber

The effect of the in ovo application of selected prebiotics and synbiotics on the humoral immune response against T-dependent (SRBC) and T-independent (dextran) antigens and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to phytohemagglutinin was studied. On the 12th day of incubation, 800 eggs (Ross 308) were divided into five groups and injected into the egg air chamber with prebiotic inulin (Pre1), Bi2tos (Pre2), a synbiotic composed of inulin and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis IBB SL1 (Syn1), a synbiotic composed of Bi2tos and L. lactis subsp. cremoris IBB SC1 (Syn2), and physiological saline (control group; C). The chickens were immunized twice at the 7th and 21st day of life with SRBC and dextran. A DTH test was performed on the 7th, 21st, and 35th day. The application of prebiotics and synbiotics had no significant effect on the humoral immune response. SRBC-immunized in ovo Pre1- and Pre2-treated chickens showed significantly higher serum IgG levels than the control. A significant effect on the DTH reaction was detected on the 7th (Pre1 < C) and 21st (Pre2 > Syn2) day. However; Bi2tos may transiently stimulate the cellular immune response on the 21st day. It may be concluded that the application of inulin in an egg air chamber on the 12th day of incubation may stimulate the secondary immune response. The inulin-treated group exhibited a lower mortality rate than the control group.

scholarly journals The effect of Lactobacillus johnsonii Ncc533 (La1) on the balance of Th1/Th2 cells in BALB/c mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junli Yang ◽  
Wen Li ◽  
Ruopeng Sun ◽  
Baomin Li
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Th2 Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lactobacillus Johnsonii ◽  
Asthma Model ◽  
Ifn Γ

Purpose: To determine the effect of Lactobacillus johnsonii Ncc533 (La1) on Th1/Th2 balance, the production of IL-4 and IFN-γ by splenocytes was evaluated following its administration to mice from newborn to adult. Changes in IL-4 and IFN-γ expression and serum levels of OVA-specific-IgE were then investigated in an asthma model. Methods: Using flow cytometry (FCM) and ELISA, the percentage of IL-4 and IFN-γ expressing splenocytes and serum levels of OVA-specific-IgE were measured in different groups of mice. Results: The percentages of IL-4 and IFN-γ expressing splenocytes in the offspring and in the adults of the La1-treated group were not significantly different when compared with the water-treated group. In the asthma model, the percentages of IL-4 expressing cells and the serum levels of OVA-specific-IgE in the La1-treated and water-treated group were significantly increased compared with those in the control group. The percentage of IFN-γ expressing cells was significantly lower in the La1-treated and water-treated groups. The percentage of IL-4 expressing cells and the serum levels of OVA-specific-IgE in the La1-treated group were significantly lower compared with those in the water-treated group, whereas the percentage of IFN-γ expressing cells was significantly higher. Conclusion: Administration of La1 had no effect on the immune system from the neonate to the adult in the normal mice. It did, however, significantly alter the percentages of IL-4 or IFN-γ expressing CD4+ T lymphocytes in the asthma model, suggesting that administration of La1 might regulate the immune response.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Actisaf SC 47®) AS FEED ADITIVE IN GESTATION OR LACTATION DIETS ON SOWS AND NURSING PIGLETS HEALTH AND PERFORMANCE

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-52
Author(s):  
Igor Apić ◽  
Ivan Stančić ◽  
Denis Kučević ◽  
Jelena Apić ◽  
Roman D'Inca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Probiotic Preparation ◽  
And Performance

The aim of this study was to investigate the eff ect of sows gestating or lactating diets supplemented with a commercial probiotic preparation (liveyeast culture - Saccharomyces cerevisiae, “Actisaf Sc47®”) on their health status, as well as the health status and productivity of their piglets during lactation. A total of 120 sows were divided into three groups: fi rst (G, n=40) and second (L, n=40) group was fed diets with probiotic during pregnancy (G) or lactation (L), respectively. Th e third group (C, n = 40) was the control, which was fed without probiotic. Uterus and/or the udder diseases were manifested in the smaller (p<0.01) proportion in treated group (G=7.5%, L=12.5%) compared to control group (22.5%). Th e incidence of piglets diarrhea was lower (p<0.05) in the treated litters (12.5%) compared to the control litters (27.5 %). The average weaned piglets per litter (p/l) and weaning litter weight (lw) (G=11.6 p/l and 103.6 kg/lw; L=11.1 p/l and 102.8 kg/lw, C=10 p/l and 79 kg/lw) were higher (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively) in treated, compared to the control sows. Th ese results show that the use of probiotic signifi cantly improves the health status of lactating sows and piglets, as well as the piglets productivity within lactation.

scholarly journals Local and Systemic Up-regulation of TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6 in Mice Intratracheally Inoculated with Porphyromonas gingivalis

2008 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Pavlica ◽  
A. Nemec ◽  
A. Nemec-Svete ◽  
D. Eržen ◽  
D. A. Crossley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Protein Concentration ◽  
Sterile Phosphate Buffer

The objective of the study was to find whether a single intratracheal inoculation with live Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 influences local and systemic inflammatory and immune responses in mice.Twelve-week-old BALB/c mice were intratracheally inoculated with 2.9 × 109 CFU P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 diluted in 40 μl sterile phosphate buffer (treated group) or with sterile PBS (control group). The animals were sacrificed 2, 6, 24, 72 and 168 h after inoculation. TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6 and total protein concentrations were measured in the serum, lungs and kidneys. Six hours after P. gingivalis inoculation, TNFα concentration was significantly increased in serum (p = 0.02) and kidneys (p = 0.04), but in the lungs TNFα production was enhanced already 2 h (p < 0.0001) after inoculation, reaching the peak after 6 h (p < 0.0001). The IL-1β concentration was also significantly increased in serum after 2 h (p = 0.006), remaining significantly elevated up to 3 days (p ≤ 0.0001) after inoculation. In lungs IL-1β levels were significantly increased 6 and 24 h (p < 0.0001) and in kidneys 24 h (p < 0.0001) and 168 h (p = 0.01) after inoculation. The IL-6 concentration was significantly increased in serum after 72 and 168 h (p < 0.0001). However, IL-6 was significantly increased in lungs after 6 h (p < 0.0001), remaining elevated until 72 h and in kidneys 2 and 6 h (p < 0.0001) after inoculation. Significantly increased total protein concentration was detected in kidneys 6 and 24 h (p < 0.0001) after inoculation. These results suggest that a single intratracheal inoculation with P. gingivalis stimulates the local and systemic inflammatory and immune response, as shown by increased tissue and serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines.

scholarly journals Effect of strategic deworming of village cattle in Uganda with moxidectin pour-on on faecal egg count and pasture larval counts : short communication

2004 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W. Magona ◽  
G. Musisi ◽  
J. Walubengo ◽  
W. Olaho-Mukani
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Faecal Egg Count ◽  
Faecal Egg Counts ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

Strategic application of moxidectin pour-on (Cydectin(R)) was evaluated in Uganda for its effect on pasture larval counts and gastrointestinal nematode faecal egg counts in village cattle kept under tethering (semi-intensive) grazing management. The strategic deworming schedule involved treating cattle twice at an interval of 2 months, at the end of the 1st wet season and during the 2nd wet season. Two groups of 30 cattle, each consisting of a treated and a control group, were examined for nematode infections every 4 weeks from June 1999 to January 2000. The treated group had significantly lower mean faecal egg counts than the untreated groups (t-value = 2.47, P < 0.05). Generally, the pasture larval counts on treated farms were lower than on untreated ones, but not significantly so (t-value = 2.22, P = 0.068). Pasture larval counts with different nematode species on treated farms were lower than on untreated ones, but the differences were not significant for Haemonchus spp. (t-value=1.68, P=0.145), Oesophagostomum spp. (t-value= 1.87, P=0.111), Trichostrongylus spp. (t-value=1.93, P=0.102), Dictyocaulus spp. (t-value= -0.74, P=0.485) and Cooperia spp. (t-value=-1.00, P=0.356). Treated farms did , however, have significantly lower pasture larval counts of Bunostomum spp. (t-value=4.64, P<0.05). This study has revealed that the application ofmoxidectin pour-on on cattle has an effect on faecal egg count and pasture contamination under the tethering grazing system. Moxidectin pour-on and the strategic deworming schedule evaluated here could be used for the control of gastrointestinal nematode infections in cattle by small-scale farmers who practise tethering or semi-intensive grazing management in Uganda and other tropical countries, especially where there is a bimodal rainfall pattern.

scholarly journals Resistance to Haemonchus contortus in Corriedale sheep is associated to high parasite-specific IgA titer and a systemic Th2 immune response

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Escribano ◽  
Anderson Saravia ◽  
Monique Costa ◽  
Daniel Castells ◽  
Gabriel Ciappesoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Th2 Response ◽  
Th2 Immune Response ◽  
Efficiency Of Selection ◽  
High Parasite ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractGastrointestinal nematode infections, including Haemonchus contortus, are one of the main causes of economic losses to ovine farmers worldwide. In order to contribute to the control of nematode infections and avoid parasite spreading we generated divergent resistant and susceptible sheep breeds and evaluated the adaptive immunity of these animals developed upon experimental infection against H. contortus. The selection of resistant or susceptible animals from the Corriedale Breed has been based on Expected Progeny Differences for faecal egg counts per gram. Furthermore, animals from the resistant Corriedale line were inseminated with imported semen from Australian Rylington Merino rams. Thus, the objective of this work was to analyze the adaptive immune response in both susceptible and resistant obtained lambs. Our results indicate that there is a potent parasite-specific local and systemic immune response in resistant animals and that although susceptible lambs can produce high levels of IgA antibodies during the infection, their antibody response is delayed which, together with an impaired specific-Th2 response, does not contribute to initial parasite elimination. Our results shed light into the immune mechanisms that mediate resistance to H. contortus and could constitute important assets to sheep farmers, not only as a means to detect resistance, but also to enhance the efficiency of selection in stud flocks.

Evaluating the effectiveness of a Mexican strain ofDuddingtonia flagransas a biological control agent against gastrointestinal nematodes in goat faeces

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.F. Ojeda-Robertos ◽  
P. Mendoza-de Gives ◽  
J.F.J. Torres-Acosta ◽  
R.I. Rodríguez-Vivas ◽  
A.J. Aguilar-Caballero
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Nematode Larvae ◽  
Petri Dishes

AbstractThe use ofDuddingtonia flagransin the control of goat nematodes was investigated. Initially, the time of passage of chlamydospores through the digestive tract of goats was evaluated. Two groups of seven parasite-free kids were formed. Group A received a single dose of 3.5×106D. flagranschlamydospores (FTHO-8 strain) per kg of live weight. Group B did not receive any chlamydospores. Faeces were obtained from each kid daily from day 4 prior to inoculation until day 5 post-inoculation (PI) and were placed in Petri dishes containing water agar. Gastrointestinal nematode infective larvae were added to each Petri dish and incubated at 25°C for 7 days. Petri dishes were examined to detect the fungus and trapped nematodes. A second trial evaluated the effect ofD. flagranson the number of gastrointestinal nematode larvae harvested from goat faecal cultures in naturally infected goats. Two groups of seven goats were formed. The treated group received a single dose of 3.5×106D. flagranschlamydospores per kg of liveweight. The control group did not receive any chlamydospores. Faeces were obtained twice daily from each kid. Two faecal cultures were made for each kid. One was incubated for 7 days and the other for 14 days. Gastrointestinal nematode larvae were recovered from each culture and counted. Percentage of larval development reduction was determined using a ratio of larvae/eggs deposited in the control and treated groups.Duddingtonia flagranssurvived the digestive process of goats, and maintained its predatory activity, being observed from 21 to 81 h PI (3 to 4 days). A reduction in the infective larvae population in the treated group compared to the non-treated group was observed in both incubation periods (7 days: 5.3–36.0%; 14 days: 0–52.8%,P>0.05). Although a single inoculation ofD. flagranscan induce a reduction of infective larvae collected from faeces, a different scheme of dosing may be needed to enhance the efficacy ofD. flagransin goats.

scholarly journals Effect of crude polyphenol extracted from black olive fruit (olea europae) on some physiological and immunological parameters in Males Rats Treated with Hydrogen Peroxide

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
Luma W. Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Platelet Count ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Polyphenol Compounds ◽  
Wbc Count

The present study was designed to demonstrate the effect of crude alcoholic extract of polyphenol in olive (200 mg/kg) on some physiological and immunological parameters in male rats treated with 1% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Twenty rats were divided randomly into four equal groups and treated for (30) days as follows: control group (c) which were given ordinary tap water, first treated group (G1) was given 1% H2O2 in drinking water, the second treated group (G2) was given alcoholic extract of polyphenol in olive (200 mg/kg) by oral intubation, third treated group(G3) was given H2O2 and polyphenol. Blood samples were collected after 30 days for measuring the following parameters: Total WBC count, the percentage of WBC differential count (%) ,platelet count ,serum protein ,albumin and globulin , Neutrophil /lymphocyte index, Albumin /Globulin and Phagocytic index. The results showed a significant increase in, total WBC count of polyphenol treated group (G2) and polyphenol compounds plus H2O2, Lymphocyte percentage in both polyphenol (G2) and polyphenol with H2O2 (G3) treated groups ,percentage of neutrophil in H2O2 (G1) group and monocyte percentage in both H2O2 (G1) and H2O2 with polyphenol (G3) groups as compared with control group. Significant depression in platelet count in H2O2 group (G1) as compared with other treated groups was also recorded. The immunological test showed a significant increase in phagocytic index in polyphenol and H2O2 group (G3) as compared with other groups. The result also pointed a significant increase in the concentration of protein and globulin in polyphenol compounds with H2O2 group (G3) and also a significant increase in albumin concentration of group G2, while there was a significant decrease in globulin concentration of H2O2 (G1) group as compared with other groups. On conclusion it seems that treatment with alcoholic extract of polyphenol in olive at concentration of 200 mg/kg B.W. has the ability to correct the adverse effect of hydrogen peroxide in male rats.

scholarly journals Oral Meloxicam Administration in Sows at Farrowing and Its Effects on Piglet Immunity Transfer and Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Navarro ◽  
Eva Mainau ◽  
Ricardo de Miguel ◽  
Déborah Temple ◽  
Marina Salas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Maternal Behavior ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Piglet Serum ◽  
Cellular Immune

Many factors can lead to an inadequate development of piglets during their first days of life, including poor maternal behavior, which can be due to pain caused by farrowing, and reduced colostrum ingestion. This study investigates the action of meloxicam administered orally at farrowing on piglet weight gain and immunity transfer. Thirty-five multiparous sows were divided into two groups and treated with 0.4 mg/kg of oral meloxicam (oral meloxicam group; n = 18) or with a mock administration (control group; n = 17). A total of 382 piglets were individually weighed on the farrowing day (day 0), as well as on days +9 and +20. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and A (IgA) concentrations in piglet serum and in sow's saliva, colostrum and milk were measured. Additionally, Interleukin-2 (IL-2), Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and Interferon gamma (IFN-⋎) in serum of piglets and in sow's milk or colostrum were studied. All samples were obtained on days +1, +9, and +20. Piglets from sows in the oral meloxicam group tended to grow faster from day +9 to day +20 than did piglets from control sows (p = 0.059), and this difference was also observed in piglets with low body weight (BW) at birth (p = 0.056). The oral meloxicam group sows tended to increase the colostrum levels of IgA and IgG, as compared with control sows on day +1 (p = 0.068 and p = 0.072, respectively). IgA levels in piglet serum from the oral meloxicam group were significantly higher than in the control group on day +1 and +9 (p = 0.019 and p = 0.011 respectively). Furthermore, IL-2 and IL-4 levels in the serum of piglets from sows in the oral meloxicam group tended to be higher than that in the control group on day +9 (p = 0.078 and 0.056, respectively). The administration of meloxicam orally at the beginning of farrowing in multiparous sows increased immunoglobin and cytokine concentrations in colostrum, improving both humoral and cellular immune response of piglets. Pre-weaning growth of piglets born with a low BW improved in the meloxicam-treated group.

scholarly journals Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on health and performance of dairy cows during transition and early lactation period

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.A. Bakr ◽  
M.S. Hassan ◽  
N.D. Giadinis ◽  
N. Panousis ◽  
D. Ostojic-Andric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Early Lactation

Data concerning the effect of probiotics supplementation on many parameters concurrently at the same cows are lacking. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae feeding on rumen, blood and milk parameters together in highproducing dairy cattle during the transition and early lactation period. Sixteen clinically healthy Holstein cows were divided into 2 groups: a control group of 6 cows and a probiotics-fed group of 10 cows. Rumen fluid and blood samples were collected 21 days before the expected calving as well as 7, 15, 30, 45 and 60 daysin- milk (DIM). Milk yield for each animal was recorded every 2 weeks. Individual milk samples were collected 15, 30, 45 and 60 DIM. Ruminal pH and rumen ammonia nitrogen were significantly lower, whereas total volatile fatty acids were significantly higher in yeast-fed animals compared with controls throughout the study. Serum concentrations of total proteins and globulins were higher, while albumins were lower in the yeast-treated group. Serum glucose levels were significantly higher in yeast-supplemented animals. Serum triglycerides, high density lipoproteins, and low density lipoproteins concentrations were lower, with cholesterol being significantly lower in the treated group. Milk production and milk fat percentage were higher, whereas milk protein percentage and somatic cell count were decreased in yeast-supplemented cows throughout the study. These results suggest that supplementation of S. cerevisiae to dairy cows rations during transition and early lactation period improve their health and milk production parameters.

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