Effects of deoxynivalenol exposure at peripuberty over testicles of rats: structural and functional alterations

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
J.R. Gerez ◽  
A.L.P.L. Gomes ◽  
R.P. Erthal ◽  
G.S.A. Fernandes ◽  
R.L.N. Matos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Reproductive Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Males And Females

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is related to reduced reproductive performance in males and females in several species. Children and adolescents showed a high risk of exposure to DON, however, no study has evaluated reproductive effects of DON at puberty. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of DON at peripuberty on the testicles of pubertal rats. To achieve this, 10 Wistar rats (28 days old) were fed for 28 days with a DON-contaminated diet (9.4 mg/kg) or a control diet. After the experimental period, rats (56 days old) were euthanised and the following evaluations were performed in the testicles: dynamics of spermatogenesis, tubular morphometry, number of Sertoli cells and Leydig cells, analysis of caspase-3 expression, and the index of cell proliferation using the nucleolus organising regions (NOR) method. Ingestion of DON-contaminated diet induced a significant reduction in the number of Sertoli and Leydig cells and the number of seminiferous tubules in stage XIV. A significant increase in the number of NORs in seminiferous tubules in stage I-VI was observed in animals receiving the DON diet. No significant difference was noted in tubular morphometry or caspase-3 expression. Taken together, our results unravelled that the peripubertal exposure to DON compromised the testicular structure of pubertal rats, changing the dynamics of spermatogenesis.

Blood Profile and Selected Organ Histopathology of Balami Sheep Fed Shea Cake (Vitellaria paradoxa) Meal

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
D. O. Okunlola ◽  
M. D. Shittu ◽  
O. O. Olatunji ◽  
A. J. Amuda ◽  
B. O. Olateju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Representative Samples

The blood profile and histology of selected tissues (kidney, lungs, intestine, and epididymis) of Balami Sheep fed Shea Cake meal supplement was investigated. A total of thirty-two (32) sheep of the average weight range of 11.75-14.75kg comprising an equal number (16) of males and females were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments in a completely randomized experimental design with eight sheep per treatment for twelve weeks duration. Treatment 1 (T1) was a control diet and had zero inclusion level of Shea cake meal (SCM), while treatments 2,3, and 4 had 10%,15%, and 20%  inclusion of SCM, respectively. At the twelfth week of the experiment, two blood samples of 5ml each were taken from each animal from the jugular vein. The first set was preserved in Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid (EDTA) bottle for haematological parameters, while the second samples were preserved without EDTA for serum examination. Representative samples of tissues were randomly selected and slaughtered for gross microscopic examination. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) at various levels of inclusion for parameters investigated. The white blood cell (WBC), Red blood cell (RBC), and Packed cell volume (PCV) recorded the highest values at T3 (15% inclusion level) (13.42 x109/L), 2.92x1012/L, 3.75%, respectively). The serum parameters were significantly(p <0.05)different among the treatments. Total protein ranges from 54.78(mg/dl) (T1) - 60.51(mg/dl) (T2), Cholesterol70.15(mg/dl) (T1) - 78.00(mg/dl) (T4). Iron ranges from 58.15(ug/dl) (T1) - 62.88(ug/dl) (T3).The histopathology of tissues (kidney, lungs, intestine, and epididymis) showed no alteration across the treatments (P= .05) in the gross microscopic examinations. No lesion was observed in the lungs, kidney, epididymis, and intestine. The results showed that shea cake meal posed no health risk to Balami sheep and as such recommended as a good supplement in the diets of the sheep.

Reproductive performance of Shorthorn and Brahman crossbred cows in the dry tropics of north Queensland

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (98) ◽  
pp. 276 ◽  
Author(s):  
RG Holroyd ◽  
PK O'Rourke ◽  
PJ Allan
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Variable Effect ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Dry Tropics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Conception Rates

A study was made (1 970 to 1973) of the reproductive performance of Shorthorn and Brahman crossbred cows grazing pasture in the dry tropics of north Queensland. Breed had a variable effect on the conception rates of lactating cows, with Brahman crossbreds having significantly higher (P < 0.05) conception rates in the first year. The two breeds had similar conception rates in the following year. In the third year, overall conception rates of both breeds were reduced due to a prolonged dry season, with Shorthorn cows having significantly higher (P < 0.01) conception rates than Brahman cows. However, during this dry period, twice as many Shorthorn cows required survival feeding as did Brahman cows. Calving rates followed conception rates closely, prenatal loss in each breed being low. In all years, Shorthorns had significantly earlier (P < 0.05) calving dates than Brahmans. The interval from calving to first recorded ovarian activity was significantly longer (P < 0.05) in Brahman cross than in Shorthorn cows in only one of the three years. There was no significant difference between breeds for the interval from first recorded ovarian activity to conception, but this interval decreased with increasing age of the cow. Breed had a variable effect on gestation length. Brahman cows were generally heavier each year in April and in better condition throughout the experimental period than Shorthorn cows.

Carcinoma of the Horn in a Cryptorchid Bull

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.N. Naik ◽  
H.P. Randelia ◽  
R.D Dabholkar
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Coagulative Necrosis ◽  
Significant Difference

The first histologically confirmed case of carcinoma of the horn in a bilaterally cryptorchid Malvi bull, detected during an epidemiological survey, is reported. Examinations of 78,024 bullocks and 1,468 bulls, belonging to 7 different Zebu breeds revealed horn cancer in 793 bullocks and 1 cryptorchid bull but not in a normal bull. Histologically cryptorchid testes were devoid of spermatogenesis and had hyperplasia of Leydig cells. The remnant of castrated testes had only seminiferous tubules with coagulative necrosis and were devoid of spermatogenesis and Leydig cells. The significant difference in the incidence of HC in bullocks and cows and its absence in bulls is discussed in the light of the role of hormone in the causation of HC.

Effects of dietary supplementation of endo-1,4-b-D-glucanase producing Bacillus subtilis sp.-fermented products on growth performance in broilers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeayoung Kim ◽  
Byeongwoo Kim ◽  
Seongkeun Cho ◽  
Kyungjin Cho ◽  
Jakyeom Seo
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Left Breast ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Dietary Treatments

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of Endoglucanase producing Bacillus subtilis sp. fermented product (EBFP) on growth performance and meat characteristics in broilers. A total of 480, 1 day old ROSS male broiler chicks were obtained from a local hatchery and randomly allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 6 replicate pens consisting of 20 chicks. Three additional diets were prepared by mixing 0.1% of commercial cellulase, 0.1%, and 0.2% of EBFP with the control diet and all chicks were fed experimental diets and water ad libitum. Feed intake and body weight (BW) were recorded at 0, 3, and 5 week of the experiment. At the end of the experiment, birds fed a diet containing 0.1% of EBFP had the highest BW compared to birds in other groups (P > 0.01). During 0 to 5 week the experimental period, the dietary addition of 0.1% EBFP significantly increased (P > 0.01) BW gain that was higher than that of birds fed the diet in which only a commercial cellulase was added. No significant difference among treatments was observed in carcass weight, carcass yield, left breast, and thigh meat. These results suggest that dietary addition of cellulolytic probiotics may enhance growth performance compared with the single use of probiotics or enzymes.

scholarly journals Influence of including maize offal in diets on growth, carcass composition and economics of Clarias gariepinus

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 027-035
Author(s):  
Sunday Kenneth Igbang ◽  
Ada Fidelis Bekeh ◽  
Ochang Stephen Ncha
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Increase With Increase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Hours

Aiming at finding cheaper and still efficient feed for aquaculture species 56 days feeding trial was conducted on African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) post fingerlings, fed on five diets with a 40% crude protein target in which maize was replaced with maize offal meal at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% respectively. Ten fish each were stocked in a plastic aquarium tank containing 20 L of water. The fish were fed at 5% body weight divided into two rations ginen at the hours of 8-8:30 am and 5-5:30pm. Growth parameters showed increase with increase in maize offal based diets, with observed weight gains of 72.42, 79.00, 95.92, 130.83 and 65.83 for diets 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 respectively. Feed conversion ratio (recorded best in 75% maize offal based diet substitution, while the poorest was recorded at 25% maize offal diet replacement, followed by the control diet (100% maize diet). 75% maize offal replacement recorded the highest specific growth rate (p<0.05).There was significant difference (p<0.05) in the ash content, crude fiber and energy level in the fish carcass. The cost of feed used throughout the experimental period was not significantly (p>0.05) influenced by the increasing level of maize offal as a replacement for maize in the diets, as the costs were comparable. However, this study reveals that maize offal meal can successfully replaced maize up to 75% in the diet of Clarias gariepinus post fingerlings without adverse effect on growth, carcass composition and economics.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF ERYTHROPOIETIN ADMINISTRATION ON THE AMOUNT OF SPERMATOGONIUM, SERTOLI CELL, AND LEYDIG CELL ON RATS TESTIS (WISTAR STRAIN) AFTER VAS DEFERENS LIGATION RELEASED

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Surya Negara ◽  
Soetojo Soetojo ◽  
Doddy M Soebadi
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Release Group

Objective: To determine the effect of Erythropoietin (EPO) on the number of spermatogonia, Sertoli cells, and Leydig cells in white rats wistar strain testis after the release of ligation vas deferens. Material & Methods: Twenty-four Wistar strain rats were grouped into 4 groups. The control group only performed an orchiectomy for testicular examination, ligation group vas deferens only, group performed release ligation of vas deferens, and group performed release ligation of vas deferens and given EPO injection with dose of 1000 iu/kg BW intraperitoneally for 1 week (3x/week). Observation of spermatogonium, Sertoli cells and Leydig cells by counting the amount on the 5 cross sections of the seminiferous tubules using a 400x light magnification microscope with Haematoxylin Eosin staining. Results: Ligation of vas deferens can significantly decreased the number of spermatogonia and Sertoli cells (p<0.05). In Leydig cells there was no significant difference in numbers after ligation of vas deferens (p>0.05). Release of vas deferens ligation turned out to be no significant amount difference in spermatogonia, Sertoli cells, and Leydig cells with ligation of vas deferens group. Similarly, the treatment of ligation vas deferens release and an EPO injection for 1 week was also no significant difference in number compared to the ligation release group of vas deferens. Conclusion: The number of Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, and spermatogonia in the ligation release group of vas deferens and given EPO for 1 week had the same number with the ligation release group vas deferens.

scholarly journals Arginine Alters miRNA Expression Involved in Development and Proliferation of Rat Mammary Tissue

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 535
Author(s):  
Gang Zhou ◽  
Qiaoyun Xu ◽  
Feifan Wu ◽  
Mengzhi Wang ◽  
Lianmin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference

This study was designed to determine the effects of dietary arginine on development and proliferation in rat mammary tissue through changes in miRNA profiles. Twelve pregnant Wistar rats were allocated randomly to two groups. A basal diet containing arginine or the control diet containing glutamate on an equal nitrogen basis as the arginine supplemented diet were used. The experiment included a pre-experimental period of four days before parturition and an experimental period of 17 days after parturition. Mammary tissue was collected for histology, RNA extraction and high-throughput sequencing analysis. The greater mammary acinar area indicated that arginine supplementation enhanced mammary tissue development (p < 0.01). MicroRNA profiling indicated that seven miRNA (miR-206-3p, miR-133a-5p, miR-133b-3p, miR-1-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-1b and miR-486) were differentially expressed in response to Arginine when compared with the glutamate-based control group. In silico gene ontology enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis revealed between 240 and 535 putative target genes among the miRNA. Further verification by qPCR revealed concordance with the differential expression from the sequencing results: 17 of 28 target genes were differentially expressed (15 were highly expressed in arginine and 2 in control) and 11 target genes did not have significant difference in expression. In conclusion, our study suggests that arginine may potentially regulate the development of rat mammary glands through regulating miRNAs.

Thermally induced stress revealed behavioral, hormonaland histological disturbances in mice model

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Genlin ◽  
Shahar Bano Memon ◽  
Li Lian ◽  
Javaid Ali Gadahi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Hormone Level ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Levels

Behavioral, hormonal and histological changes caused by heat stress at 30 and 40oC were studied in mice model. As a result, obnoxious activities like restlessness and hyperactivity were observed. Rectal temperature was significantly increased at 40oC as well as the increase in water intake, whereas, the feed intake remained consistent. Body weight significantly decreased at 40oC. Serum testosterone has shown a decrease in both groups. At day 7 of the treatment, low levels of growth hormone were recorded whereas no significant difference was recorded at day 15. Adrenocorticotropic hormone level was significantly decreased in both groups at day 7. Shrinking of the seminiferous tubules with irregular appearance containing less spermatozoa was also observed at 40oC. Testicular degeneration and atrophy of leydig cells were also observed. Finally, we concluded that heat stress adversely affects the male reproductive functions along with hormonal imbalances and decline in the spermatogenesis.

Histomorphological studies on the testis of local pig (Zovawk) of Mizoram

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Th. Shitarjit Singh ◽  
Pranab Chandra Kalita ◽  
Om Prakash Choudhary ◽  
Arup Kalita ◽  
Probal Jyoti Doley
Keyword(s):  
Seminiferous Tubule ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Tunica Albuginea ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Left Testicle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Testicular Capsule

The present study was designed to elucidate the histomorphology of the testis of adult Zovawk. In the present study, the collagen and reticular fibres were abundant in tunica albuginea and interstitial tissue surrounding the seminiferous tubules. However, few elastic fibers occurred in the capsule and only in the blood vessels of both the testis in Zovawk. The different micrometrical values with regard to thickness of testicular capsule, diameter of seminiferous tubule, height of seminiferous tubule, number of leydig cells, spermatogonia, germs cells per mm2 were found to be higher in the left testicle as compared to right one. There was no-significant difference observed in the right and left testes of Zovawk.

Interbreeding between two populations of Acartia californiensis (Copepoda: Calanoida): a laboratory study

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 945-948
Author(s):  
Antonio Trujillo-Ortiz ◽  
Ronald S. Burton ◽  
Jorge de la Rosa-Velez ◽  
Francisco Correa-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Calanoid Copepod ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Mission Bay ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Two Populations

Interbreeding between two populations (Estero de Punta Banda, Baja California, Mexico (PB) and Mission Bay, California, USA (MB)) was tested using the live progeny (nauplii) of the marine calanoid copepod Acartia californiensis, in a male to female ratio of 3:1. The laboratory conditions were 18±2°C and a 12:12 h L:D cycle, during an experimental period of one week. The first filial progeny (F1) present in the replicates were used in four combinational experiments (non-hybrids: PB-PB and MB-MB, and hybrids: PB-MB and MB-PB). To investigate the production of the F2 generation, males and females were selected from F1 and 16 combinational experiments were conducted with five replicates each (non-hybrids: PBPB-PBPB and MBMB-MBMB, and hybrids: PBPB-MBMB, PBPB-PBMB, PBPB-MBPB, MBMB-PBPB, MBMB-PBMB, MBMB-MBPB, PBMB-PBPB, PBMB-MBMB, PBMB-PBMB, PBMB-MBPB, MBPB-PBPB, MBPB-MBMB, MBPB-PBMB and MBPB-MBPB). Statistical analysis for F1 showed no significant differences of the mean for live progeny between the non-hybrids and hybrids and between non-hybrids, but a significant difference between hybrids was found. For F2, the mean live progeny between non-hybrids and hybrids, between hybrids and between non-hybrids was found to be non-significant. These results show successful interbreeding between the populations studied.

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