Optimization of Consensus Mechanism for IoT Blockchain

2022 ◽  
pp. 197-225
Author(s):  
Shailesh Pancham Khapre ◽  
Shraddha P. Satpathy ◽  
Chandramohan D.
Keyword(s):  
Data Transmission ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Consensus Algorithm ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Distributed Ledger

The essence of blockchain is a decentralized distributed ledger system; the IoT is formed by accessing and interconnecting a large number of heterogeneous terminals and has a natural distributed feature. Therefore, the combination of the two IoT blockchains is widely optimistic. At the same time, due to the heterogeneity of IoT sensing terminals, limited computing storage, and data transmission capabilities, the IoT blockchain is facing greater challenges, among which cryptographic consensus technology has become a key issue. In this chapter, based on the summary of the current blockchain consensus algorithm, applicability to the IoT-blockchain has been analyzed, the application status of several major IoT-blockchain platforms and consensus mechanisms have been introduced, and also the IoT-blockchain research progress on optimization of consensus mechanism has been expounded. Looking forward to the optimization techniques of the IoT blockchain, potential research directions have been summarized.

scholarly journals Distributed Ledger Technology Applications in Food Supply Chains: A Review of Challenges and Future Research Directions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4206
Author(s):  
Jamilya Nurgazina ◽  
Udsanee Pakdeetrakulwong ◽  
Thomas Moser ◽  
Gerald Reiner
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Food Supply Chains ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Future Research Directions

The lack of transparency and traceability in food supply chains (FSCs) is raising concerns among consumers and stakeholders about food information credibility, food quality, and safety. Insufficient records, a lack of digitalization and standardization of processes, and information exchange are some of the most critical challenges, which can be tackled with disruptive technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain, and distributed ledger technologies (DLTs). Studies provide evidence that novel technological and sustainable practices in FSCs are necessary. This paper aims to describe current practical applications of DLTs and IoT in FSCs, investigating the challenges of implementation, and potentials for future research directions, thus contributing to achievement of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Within a systematic literature review, the content of 69 academic publications was analyzed, describing aspects of implementation and measures to address the challenges of scalability, security, and privacy of DLT, and IoT solutions. The challenges of high costs, standardization, regulation, interoperability, and energy consumption of DLT solutions were also classified as highly relevant, but were not widely addressed in literature. The application of DLTs in FSCs can potentially contribute to 6 strategic SDGs, providing synergies and possibilities for more sustainable, traceable, and transparent FSCs.

scholarly journals Recent Developments of Antimony-Based Anodes for Sodium- and Potassium-Ion Batteries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bochao Chen ◽  
Ming Liang ◽  
Qingzhao Wu ◽  
Shan Zhu ◽  
Naiqin Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Potassium Ion ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Weak Charge ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
High Theoretical Capacity ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

AbstractThe development of sodium-ion (SIBs) and potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) has increased rapidly because of the abundant resources and cost-effectiveness of Na and K. Antimony (Sb) plays an important role in SIBs and PIBs because of its high theoretical capacity, proper working voltage, and low cost. However, Sb-based anodes have the drawbacks of large volume changes and weak charge transfer during the charge and discharge processes, thus leading to poor cycling and rapid capacity decay. To address such drawbacks, many strategies and a variety of Sb-based materials have been developed in recent years. This review systematically introduces the recent research progress of a variety of Sb-based anodes for SIBs and PIBs from the perspective of composition selection, preparation technologies, structural characteristics, and energy storage behaviors. Moreover, corresponding examples are presented to illustrate the advantages or disadvantages of these anodes. Finally, we summarize the challenges of the development of Sb-based materials for Na/K-ion batteries and propose potential research directions for their further development.

Research Progress of Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure, Phase Transformation Behaviors and Memory Properties in Ti-Ni Based Shape Memory Alloys

2021 ◽  
Vol 1036 ◽  
pp. 20-31
Author(s):  
Jun Jie Ye ◽  
Zhi Rong He ◽  
Kun Gang Zhang ◽  
Yu Qing Du
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Shape Memory Alloys ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Influence Mechanism ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Future Research Directions

Ti-Ni based shape memory alloys (SMAs) are of excellent shape memory effect, superelasticity and damping property. These properties of the alloys can be fully displayed only after proper heat treatment. In this paper, the research progresses of the effect of the heat treatment on the microstructure, phase composition, phase transformation behaviors and shape memory properties in Ti-Ni based SMAs are reviewed, the correlation influence mechanism is summarized, and the future research directions in this field are pointed out. It is expected to provide reference for the development of Ti-Ni based SMAs and their heat treatment technologies.

Electrochemical polymerization for two-dimensional conjugated polymers

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (40) ◽  
pp. 10672-10686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Huanli Dong ◽  
Wenping Hu
Keyword(s):  
Conjugated Polymers ◽  
Electrochemical Polymerization ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Recent Research Progress

This article places special focus on the recent research progress of the EP method in synthesizing CPs. In particular, their potential applications as 2D CPs are summarized, with a basic introduction of the EP method, its use in synthesizing CPs as well as the promising applications of the obtained CPs in different fields. Discussions of current challenges in this field and future research directions are also given.

Reflecting on E-Government Research

2013 ◽  
pp. 358-382
Author(s):  
Nripendra P. Rana ◽  
Michael D. Williams ◽  
Yogesh K. Dwivedi ◽  
Janet Williams
Keyword(s):  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Electronic Government ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Knowledge Database ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Government Research ◽  
Acceptance Model

After more than a decade of research in the field of e-government, it is now timely and appropriate to reflect upon the overall developmental directions in the area. This paper explores research progress to date by systematically analyzing the existing body of knowledge on e-government related issues, and reveal if there is lack of theoretical development and rigor in the area. Usable data relating to e-government research currently available were collected from 779 research articles identified from the ISI Web of Knowledge database, and by manually identifying relevant articles from dedicated journals on electronic government such as Transforming Government: People, Process, and Policy (TGPPP), Electronic Government, an International Journal (EGIJ), and International Journal of Electronic Government Research (IJEGR). Based on the investigation of the various studies, findings reveal that generic e-government applications were explored more than any specific applications, and the technology acceptance model (TAM) was the most utilized theory to explain research models. Although a large number of theories and theoretical constructs were borrowed from the reference disciplines, their utilization by e-government researchers appears largely random in approach. The paper also presents limitations and further research directions for future researchers.

scholarly journals Geometric and Kinematic Analyses and Novel Characteristics of Origami-Inspired Structures

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Chen ◽  
Jiayi Yan ◽  
Jian Feng
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Kinematic Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Pattern Design ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Practical Engineering ◽  
Kinematic Analyses ◽  
The Common

In recent years, origami structures have been gradually applied in aerospace, flexible electronics, biomedicine, robotics, and other fields. Origami can be folded from two-dimensional configurations into certain three-dimensional structures without cutting and stretching. This study first introduces basic concepts and applications of origami, and outlines the common crease patterns, whereas the design of crease patterns is focused. Through kinematic analysis and verification on origami structures, origami can be adapted for practical engineering. The novel characteristics of origami structures promote the development of self-folding robots, biomedical devices, and energy absorption members. We briefly describe the development of origami kinematics and the applications of origami characteristics in various fields. Finally, based on the current research progress of crease pattern design, kinematic analysis, and origami characteristics, research directions of origami-inspired structures are discussed.

scholarly journals Fleet Scheduling Optimization of Hazardous Materials Transportation: A Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changxi Ma ◽  
Jibiao Zhou ◽  
Xuecai (Daniel) Xu ◽  
Fuquan Pan ◽  
Jin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
Route Optimization ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Accident Rate ◽  
Scheduling Optimization ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Hazardous Materials Transportation ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Transportation Risk ◽  
Scheduling Method

To comprehensively understand the research progress of the fleet scheduling for hazardous materials, the study has summarized the corresponding research results from three aspects (a) hazardous materials transportation risk, (b) route optimization, and (c) fleet scheduling, and then pointed out potential problems from six aspects: (a) the coupling risk of the transport fleet; (b) the screening of time and space for the transport of hazardous materials; (c) the scheduling optimization for transport fleets; (d) taking insufficient account of transport risks fairness; (e) insufficient robustness of scheduling schemes; and (f) lacking of research results on fleet scheduling of transport in the context of antiterrorism. After that, by considering the existing shortcomings of the current research, five research directions are presented that should be further explored in the future. Subsequently, both rough set and association rule theory is applied to explore the cause chain of transportation accidents for hazardous materials, and analyze the mechanism of transport accident for hazardous materials. Next, the Bayesian network is presented to predict the accident rate of hazardous materials transportation under different temporal and spatial conditions, and the dynamic rolling scheduling method of hazardous materials transport fleet is constructed under normal and antiterrorism background.

A review on the mechanical properties of textile structural composite T-beams

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 710-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiwei Ouyang ◽  
Xianyan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Structural Composite ◽  
Delamination Resistance ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Future Research Directions

In order to review the most effective ways to improve the mechanical properties of composite T-beams and further increase their application potential, research progress on the mechanical properties of textile structural composite T-beams was summarized based on two-dimensional (2-D) ply structure composite T-beams, delamination resistance enhanced 2-D ply structure T-beams, and three-dimensional (3-D) textile structural composite T-beams; future research directions for composite T-beams were also considered. From existing literature, the research status and application bottlenecks of 2-D ply structure composite T-beams and T-beams with enhanced delamination resistance performance were described, as were the specific classification, research progress, and mechanical properties of 3-D textile structural composite T-beams. In addition, the superior mechanical properties of 3-D braided textile structural composite T-beams, specifically their application potential based on excellent delamination resistance capacity, were highlighted. Future research directions for composite T-beams, that is, the applications of high-performance raw materials, locally enhanced design, structural blending enhancement, functionality, and intelligence are presented in this review.

Research Progress of Surface Modification of Aluminum Powders for Corrosion Protection

2011 ◽  
Vol 80-81 ◽  
pp. 70-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Du ◽  
Shi Sheng Zhou ◽  
Na Li Li ◽  
Nan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Inhibition ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Aluminum Powders ◽  
Plastic Industry ◽  
Weather Resistance

As an important metallic powder, aluminum powders are used widely in coating, inks and plastic industry. However, it is necessary to treat the aluminum powders first to improve the properties of weather-resistance, anti-corrosion in acidic or basic media and compatibility with resin. The methods of surface treatment of aluminum powders including encapsulation and using corrosive inhibitors are summarized. The kinds of corrosive inhibitors used in the method of corrosion inhibition and their mechanisms are also reviewed. The processes and technologies of inorganic passivation, encapsulation by polymer absorption and by in situ polymerization are introduced. The research directions of aluminum powders are also presented.

scholarly journals Beyond Cellular Green Generation: Potential and Challenges of the Network Separation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilario Filippini ◽  
Alessandro Enrico Cesare Redondi ◽  
Antonio Capone
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Energy Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Wireless Access Network ◽  
Wide Adaptation ◽  
New Research

This article introduces the ideas investigated in the BCG2 project of the GreenTouch consortium. The basic concept is to separate signaling and data in the wireless access network. Transmitting the signaling information separately maintains coverage even when the whole data network is adapted to the current load situation. Such network-wide adaptation can power down base stations when no data transmission is needed and, thus, promises a tremendous increase in energy efficiency. We highlight the advantages of the separation approach and discuss technical challenges opening new research directions. Moreover, we propose two analytical models to assess the potential energy efficiency improvement of the BCG2 approach.

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