Phytopharmaceuticals in Cancer Treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 639-668
Author(s):  
Khalid Umar Fakhri ◽  
Bader Saud Alotaibi ◽  
Sumit Kumar ◽  
Umesh Kumar ◽  
Subash C. Sonkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Modern Treatment ◽  
Treatment Procedures ◽  
Fundamental Mechanism

Several modern treatment procedures have been received to battle malignancy with the point of limiting lethality. Phytopharmaceuticals are auxiliary metabolites of plant origin which exclusively contain one or more substances as active ingredients or might be a blend of them. Analysts have excitedly attempted to diminish the lethality of current chemotherapeutic agents either by consolidating them with herbals or in utilizing herbals alone. Synergy is a procedure where a few substances participate to reach a consolidated impact that is more prominent than the entirety of their different impacts. It may be viewed as a characteristic straight technique that has developed ordinarily by nature to acquire more efficacies at a low cost. This chapter aims to present the fundamental mechanism of the activity of phytochemicals in combination therapy. This chapter additionally features the remarkable synergistic impacts of plant-drug cooperation with an emphasis on anticancer strategies.

scholarly journals Synergistic Effect of Doxorubicin and siRNA-Mediated Silencing of Mcl-1 Using Cationic Niosomes against 3D MCF-7 Spheroids

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 550
Author(s):  
Supusson Pengnam ◽  
Samarwadee Plianwong ◽  
Prasopchai Patrojanasophon ◽  
Widchaya Radchatawedchakoon ◽  
Boon-ek Yingyongnarongkul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Dose Reduction ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Mcf 7

Chemotherapy is a vital option for cancer treatment; however, its therapeutic outcomes are limited by dose-dependent toxicity and the occurrence of chemoresistance. siRNAs have emerged as an attractive therapeutic option enabling specific interference with target genes. Combination therapy using chemotherapeutic agents along with gene therapy could be a potential strategy for cancer management, which not only improves therapeutic efficacy but also decreases untoward effects from dose reduction. In this study, a cationic niosome containing plier-like cationic lipid B was used to convey siRNA against anti-apoptotic mRNA into MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Mcl-1 silencing markedly decreased the viability of MCF-7 cells and triggered apoptosis. Moreover, computer modeling suggested that the combination of doxorubicin (Dox) and Mcl-1 siRNA exhibited a synergistic relationship and enabled a dose reduction of each agent at 1.71 and 3.91 folds, respectively, to reach a 90% inhibitory effect when compared to single-agent treatments. Synergistic antitumor activity was further verified in a 3D spheroid culture which revealed, in contrast to single-agent treatment, the combination markedly decreased spheroid volume over time. Together, the combination therapy between Mcl-1 silencing and Dox exhibits a synergistic effect that may be exploited for novel breast cancer treatment.

scholarly journals Smart Nanoparticles for Chemo-Based Combinational Therapy

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 853
Author(s):  
Binita Shrestha ◽  
Lijun Wang ◽  
Eric M. Brey ◽  
Gabriela Romero Uribe ◽  
Liang Tang
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Combinational Therapy ◽  
Precision Therapy ◽  
External Stimuli

Cancer is a heterogeneous and complex disease. Traditional cancer therapy is associated with low therapeutic index, acquired resistance, and various adverse effects. With the increasing understanding of cancer biology and technology advancements, more strategies have been exploited to optimize the therapeutic outcomes. The rapid development and application of nanomedicine have motivated this progress. Combinational regimen, for instance, has become an indispensable approach for effective cancer treatment, including the combination of chemotherapeutic agents, chemo-energy, chemo-gene, chemo-small molecules, and chemo-immunology. Additionally, smart nanoplatforms that respond to external stimuli (such as light, temperature, ultrasound, and magnetic field), and/or to internal stimuli (such as changes in pH, enzymes, hypoxia, and redox) have been extensively investigated to improve precision therapy. Smart nanoplatforms for combinational therapy have demonstrated the potential to be the next generation cancer treatment regimen. This review aims to highlight the recent advances in smart combinational therapy.

In situ injection of dual-delivery PEG based MMP-2 sensitive hydrogels for enhanced tumor penetration and chemo-immune combination therapy

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianqin Yan ◽  
Zhuangzhuang Zhang ◽  
xiaohui Zhan ◽  
Keqi Chen ◽  
Yuji Pu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Deep Penetration ◽  
Tumor Penetration ◽  
Dna Nanostructure ◽  
Promising Strategy

mproving the deep penetration of nanoparticles and realizing the combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy have become a promising strategy for cancer treatment. Herein, nuclear-targeted tetrahedral DNA nanostructure (NLS-TDNs, NT) was...

scholarly journals Bovine serum albumin-loaded nano-selenium/ICG nanoparticles for highly effective chemo-photothermal combination therapy

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (49) ◽  
pp. 30717-30724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanjun Deng ◽  
Ting Zhu ◽  
Lihua Zhou ◽  
Jingnan Zhang ◽  
Sanpeng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Highly Effective

Chemo-photothermal combination therapy has already become a promising strategy for cancer treatment.

scholarly journals Organic selenium compounds as potential chemotherapeutic agents for improved cancer treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 80-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Gandin ◽  
Prajakta Khalkar ◽  
Jeremy Braude ◽  
Aristi P. Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Selenium Compounds ◽  
Organic Selenium

Curcumin-based nanoformulations to target breast cancer: current trends and challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 06 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Badran ◽  
Joelle Mesmar ◽  
Nadine Wehbe ◽  
Riham El Kurdi ◽  
Digambara Patra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Anticancer Efficacy ◽  
Future Direction

: Breast cancer remains one of the most common cancers in women worldwide, and despite significant improvements in treatment modalities, the prognosis of this cancer is still poor. Herbs and plant extracts have been associated with various health benefits, and traditional folk medicine is still receiving great interest among patients as proven by accumulated records, tolerable side effects of herbal compounds compared to their synthetic counterparts, and low cost. Curcumin is a polyphenol identified as the main active ingredient in turmeric and has been used in the treatment of various diseases and ailments. Additionally, the pharmacological activities of curcumin on many cancers have been investigated substantially due to its ability to regulate many signaling pathways involved in cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis. However, the low solubility and bioavailability of curcumin limit its benefits, urging the need for new curcumin formulations and delivery systems. Nanotechnology has been widely publicized in cancer treatment not only to overcome the limitations of poorly soluble and physiologically unstable compounds but also to improve the delivery of the drug to the diseased site and cellular uptake. In this review, we summarized the main anti-tumor effect of curcumin and its mode of action on breast cancer and focused on the anticancer efficacy of various and recent curcumin nanoformulations and delivery systems. Such nanotechnological systems could pave the way to address a new future direction in this research area, enhancing the therapeutic potential of curcumin in the treatment of breast cancer. In the next few years, there will be more focus on developing curcumin-based materials for breast cancer treatment.

scholarly journals Development, Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation of Paclitaxel and Anastrozole Co-Loaded Liposome

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1110
Author(s):  
Minh Thanh Vu ◽  
Dinh Tien Dung Nguyen ◽  
Ngoc Hoi Nguyen ◽  
Van Thu Le ◽  
The Nam Dao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Breast Cancer Treatment ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Cytotoxicity Studies ◽  
Combined Drugs

Paclitaxel (PTX) and anastrozole (ANA) have been frequently applied in breast cancer treatment. PTX is well-known for its anti-proliferative effect meanwhile ANA has just been discovered to act as an estrogen receptor α (ERα) ligand. The combination therapy of PTX and ANA is expected to improve treating efficiency, as ANA would act as a ligand binding with the ERα gene expressed in breast cancer cells and thereafter PTX would inhibit the division and cause death to those cancer cells. In this study, liposome-based nanocarriers (LP) were developed for co-encapsulation of PTX and ANA to improve the efficacy of the combined drugs in an Estrogen receptor-responsive breast cancer study. PTX-ANA co-loaded LP was prepared using thin lipid film hydration method and was characterized for morphology, size, zeta potential, drug encapsulation and in vitro drug release. In addition, cell proliferation (WST assay) and IN Cell Analyzer were used for in vitro cytotoxicity studies on a human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Results showed that the prepared LP and PTX-ANA-LP had spherical vesicles, with a mean particle size of 170.1 ± 13.5 nm and 189.0 ± 22.1 nm, respectively. Controlled and sustained releases were achieved at 72 h for both of the loaded drugs. The in vitro cytotoxicity study found that the combined drugs showed higher toxicity than each single drug separately. These results suggested a new approach to breast cancer treatment, consisting of the combination therapy of PTX and ANA in liposomes based on ER response.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Multidrug Resistance in Cancer Chemotherapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Bukowski ◽  
Mateusz Kciuk ◽  
Renata Kontek
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Alkylating Agents ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Repair Capacity ◽  
Dna Repair Capacity

Cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide. Despite the significant development of methods of cancer healing during the past decades, chemotherapy still remains the main method for cancer treatment. Depending on the mechanism of action, commonly used chemotherapeutic agents can be divided into several classes (antimetabolites, alkylating agents, mitotic spindle inhibitors, topoisomerase inhibitors, and others). Multidrug resistance (MDR) is responsible for over 90% of deaths in cancer patients receiving traditional chemotherapeutics or novel targeted drugs. The mechanisms of MDR include elevated metabolism of xenobiotics, enhanced efflux of drugs, growth factors, increased DNA repair capacity, and genetic factors (gene mutations, amplifications, and epigenetic alterations). Rapidly increasing numbers of biomedical studies are focused on designing chemotherapeutics that are able to evade or reverse MDR. The aim of this review is not only to demonstrate the latest data on the mechanisms of cellular resistance to anticancer agents currently used in clinical treatment but also to present the mechanisms of action of novel potential antitumor drugs which have been designed to overcome these resistance mechanisms. Better understanding of the mechanisms of MDR and targets of novel chemotherapy agents should provide guidance for future research concerning new effective strategies in cancer treatment.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicle Delivery of TRAIL Eradicates Resistant Tumor Growth in Combination with CDK Inhibition by Dinaciclib

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changhong Ke ◽  
Huan Hou ◽  
Jiayu Li ◽  
Kui Su ◽  
Chaohong Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Death Receptor ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Xenograft Model ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Complete Regression ◽  
Cancer Resistance ◽  
Novel Therapy ◽  
Cancer Agent

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising anti-cancer agent that rapidly induces apoptosis in cancer cells. Unfortunately, the clinical application of recombinant TRAIL (rTRAIL) has been hampered by its common cancer resistance. Naturally TRAIL is delivered as a membrane-bound form by extracellular vesicles (EV-T) and is highly efficient for apoptosis induction. SCH727965 (dinaciclib), a potent cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, was shown to synergize with other drugs to get better efficacy. However, it has never been investigated if dinaciclib coordinates with EV-T to enhance therapeutic results. This study explores the potential of combination therapy with EV-T and dinaciclib for cancer treatment. EV-T was successfully derived from human TRAIL transduced cells and shown to partially overcome resistance of A549 cells. Dinaciclib was shown to drastically enhance EV-T killing effects on cancer lines that express good levels of death receptor (DR) 5, which are associated with suppression of CDK1, CDK9 and anti-apoptotic proteins. Combination therapy with low doses of EV-T and dinaciclib induced strikingly enhanced apoptosis and led to complete regression in A549 tumors without any adverse side effects observed in a subcutaneous xenograft model. Tumor infiltration of mass NK cells and macrophages was also observed. These observations thus indicate that the combination of EV-T with dinaciclib is a potential novel therapy for highly effective and safe cancer treatment.

Photo-triggered release of doxorubicin from liposomes formulated by amphiphilic phthalocyanines for combination therapy to enhance antitumor efficacy

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (35) ◽  
pp. 8022-8036
Author(s):  
Ke Zheng ◽  
Hongyan Liu ◽  
Xinxin Liu ◽  
Libin Jiang ◽  
Linlin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Antitumor Efficacy ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Triggered Release

Multidrug combination therapy based on stimuli-responsive liposomes formulated by amphiphilic phthalocyanines has great potential for cancer treatment.

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