The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Field of Economics of Education

Paradigm Shifts ◽

Budget Management ◽

Digital Skills ◽

Important Field ◽

Traditional Fields ◽

Financial Administration ◽

Every era exists within its own paradigm, and the COVID-19 pandemic era is a game changer that requires new perspectives. This requirement also holds true for the field of economics of education. This era of change requires the reevaluation of educational institutions. The economics of education are venturing beyond traditional fields of study regarding the development of digital skills. Topics such as financial administration, budget management, costs, supply and demand of educational services, and the reflections of learning losses on the knowledge economy represent the changing dynamic locus of the economics of education regarding digital skills during the pandemic period. In this chapter, the general impact of the pandemic on educational institutions is portrayed, the importance of digital skills in global competition in the digital economy is discussed, and lastly, the paradigm shifts in economics of education as an important field of educational sciences caused by the COVID-19 pandemic are described and evaluated within the context of the economics of distance education.

The impact of regulations on labor markets in the U.S.

Corporate Law and Governance Review ◽

10.22495/clgrv1i1p4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 36-40

Author(s):

Souad Adnane

Keyword(s):

Supply And Demand ◽

Demand Model ◽

Lead Teachers ◽

Associate's Degree ◽

Childcare Workers ◽

Educational Requirements ◽

The Cost ◽

Women's Labor Force Participation ◽

The Impact ◽

The U.S

The District of Columbia (DC) Office of the Superintendent of Education (OSSE) issued in December 2016 new educational requirements for childcare workers, according to which, all childcare center directors in the District must earn a bachelor’s degree by December 2022 and all lead teachers an associate’s degree by December 2020 (Institute for Justice, 2018). Moreover, DC has one of the lowest staff-child ratios in the country. How are regulations pertaining to childcare workers’ qualifications and staff-child ratio affecting the childcare market in DC? The present paper is an attempt to answer this question first by analyzing the effects of more stringent regulations on the cost and availability of childcare in the U.S based on existing studies. It also uses the basic supply and demand model to examine the possible impact of the new DC policy on the cost, quality and supply of childcare in the District and how it will affect working parents, especially mothers. Next, the paper discusses the impact of deregulation based on simulations and regressions conducted by studies covering the U.S., and implications for quality. It concludes that more stringent childcare regulations, regarding educational requirements and staff-child ratios, are associated with a reduced number of childcare centers and a higher cost, and eventually affects women’s labor force participation.

Wybrane socjodemograficzne determinanty postaw konsumentów wobec żywności o obniżonej zawartości cukru

Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej ◽

10.22630/eiogz.2016.113.12 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 145-157

Author(s):

Katarzyna Staniewska ◽

Danuta Jakubowska ◽

Monika Radzymińska

Keyword(s):

Research Method ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Consumer Attitudes ◽

Demographic Variables ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Gender And Age ◽

Indirect Technique ◽

The Impact ◽

Interview Questionnaire

The aim of this study was to determine the impact of socio-demographic variables on consumer attitudes towards food with a reduced sugar content. The study was conducted in educational institutions, a university and educational centers for seniors located in the Warmia-Mazury, using a survey research method, indirect technique (an original interview questionnaire). In total, 750 respondents were interviewed. The majority of respondents, regardless of socio-demographic characteristics, assesses the health benefits of the sugar content reduction as large and rather large. Despite this, a relatively small portion of respondents, varied by gender and age, used in their diets sugar substitutes and was interested in products with a reduced sugar content. According to the most of the respondents, lowering the sugar content of a product affects the deterioration of its flavor.

Dissent and Education

10.1093/oso/9780198702245.003.0019 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Mark Burden

Keyword(s):

Eighteenth Century ◽

Seventeenth Century ◽

Educational Activity ◽

Higher Educational Institutions ◽

Legal Restrictions ◽

Higher Educational ◽

Set Up ◽

The Impact ◽

Dissenting Academies

Much eighteenth-century Dissenting educational activity was built on an older tradition of Puritan endeavour. In the middle of the seventeenth century, the godly had seen education as an important tool in spreading their ideas but, in the aftermath of the Restoration, had found themselves increasingly excluded from universities and schools. Consequently, Dissenters began to develop their own higher educational institutions (in the shape of Dissenting academies) and also began to set up their own schools. While the enforcement of some of the legal restrictions that made it difficult for Dissenting institutions diminished across the eighteenth century, the restrictions did not disappear entirely. While there has been considerable focus on Dissenting academies and their contribution to debates about doctrinal orthodoxy, the impact of Dissenting schools was also considerable.

How Do the Timing and Duration of Courses Affect Participation in Adult Learning and Education? A Panel Analysis

Adult Education Quarterly ◽

10.1177/07417136211019032 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 074171362110190

Author(s):

Fabian Rüter ◽

Andreas Martin

Keyword(s):

Adult Education ◽

Adult Learning ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Research Literature ◽

Temporal Organization ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Matching Process ◽

Education Participation ◽

Participation in adult learning and education requires the availability of, and accessibility to, learning opportunities provided by educational institutions. One fundamental element is time. Adult learning and education participation can only be realized by successfully matching individual time-availabilities with the temporal organization of provided courses. To address this required matching process, this study contributes to research literature as one of the first studies that investigates the impact of timing and course duration on participation counts (longitudinally). For this, we use organizational data from public adult education centers ( Volkshochschulen—VHS; the main adult education providers in Germany) from 2007 to 2017. Methodologically, random- and fixed-effects models are applied. We find significant positive effects on participation counts between increasing program breadth in terms of temporal formats and increasing average course duration.

Is there an imbalance in the supply and demand for universal accessibility knowledge? Twenty years of UAIS papers viewed through the lens of WCAG

Universal Access in the Information Society ◽

10.1007/s10209-021-00834-y ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Frode Eika Sandnes

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

North America ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

Research Focus ◽

Universal Accessibility ◽

Geographical Regions ◽

Research Profile ◽

The Impact ◽

Over Time

AbstractPurpose: Some universal accessibility practitioners have voiced that they experience a mismatch in the research focus and the need for knowledge within specialized problem domains. This study thus set out to identify the balance of research into the main areas of accessibility, the impact of this research, and how the research profile varies over time and across geographical regions. Method: All UAIS papers indexed in Scopus were analysed using bibliometric methods. The WCAG taxonomy of accessibility was used for the analysis, namely perceivable, operable, and understandable. Results: The results confirm the expectation that research into visual impairment has received more attention than papers addressing operable and understandable. Although papers focussing on understandable made up the smallest group, papers in this group attracted more citations. Funded research attracted fewer citations than research without funding. The breakdown of research efforts appears consistent over time and across different geographical regions. Researchers in Europe and North America have been active throughout the last two decades, while Southeast Asia, Latin America, and Middle East became active in during the last five years. There is also seemingly a growing trend of out-of-scope papers. Conclusions: Based on the findings, several recommendations are proposed to the UAIS editorial board.

Overcapacity Risk of China’s Coal Power Industry: A Comprehensive Assessment and Driving Factors

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13031426 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 1426

Author(s):

Delu Wang ◽

Xun Xue ◽

Yadong Wang

Keyword(s):

Evaluation Model ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

Correlation Effect ◽

Power Industry ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Risk Level ◽

Correlation Based Feature Selection ◽

Coal Power ◽

And Control ◽

The comprehensive and accurate monitoring of coal power overcapacity is the key link and an important foundation for the prevention and control of overcapacity. The previous research fails to fully consider the impact of the industry correlation effect; making it difficult to reflect the state of overcapacity accurately. In this paper; we comprehensively consider the fundamentals; supply; demand; economic and environmental performance of the coal power industry and its upstream; downstream; competitive; and complementary industries to construct an index system for assessing coal power overcapacity risk. Besides; a new evaluation model based on a correlation-based feature selection-association rules-data envelopment analysis (CFS-ARs-DEA) integrated algorithm is proposed by using a data-driven model. The results show that from 2008 to 2017; the risk of coal power overcapacity in China presented a cyclical feature of “decline-rise-decline”, and the risk level has remained high in recent years. In addition to the impact of supply and demand; the environmental benefits and fundamentals of related industries also have a significant impact on coal power overcapacity. Therefore; it is necessary to monitor and govern coal power overcapacity from the overall perspective of the industrial network, and coordinate the advancement of environmental protection and overcapacity control.

Medical education challenges and innovations during COVID-19 pandemic

Postgraduate Medical Journal ◽

10.1136/postgradmedj-2021-140032 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. postgradmedj-2021-140032

Author(s):

Michail Papapanou ◽

Eleni Routsi ◽

Konstantinos Tsamakis ◽

Lampros Fotis ◽

Georgios Marinos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Education ◽

Medical Students ◽

Student Assessment ◽

Well Being ◽

Healthcare Staff ◽

Academic Trajectories ◽

Traditional Structure ◽

Physical Presence ◽

COVID-19 pandemic has undoubtedly disrupted the well-established, traditional structure of medical education. Τhe new limitations of physical presence have accelerated the development of an online learning environment, comprising both of asynchronous and synchronous distance education, and the introduction of novel ways of student assessment. At the same time, this prolonged crisis had serious implications on the lives of medical students including their psychological well-being and the impact on their academic trajectories. The new reality has, on many occasions, triggered the ‘acting up’ of medical students as frontline healthcare staff, which has been perceived by many of them as a positive learning and contributing experience, and has led to a variety of responses from the educational institutions. All things considered, the urgency for rapid and novel adaptations to the new circumstances has functioned as a springboard for remarkable innovations in medical education,including the promotion of a more “evidence-based” approach.

Access to MRI for patients with cardiac pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators

Open Heart ◽

10.1136/openhrt-2021-001598 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. e001598

Author(s):

Christopher Pieri ◽

Anish Bhuva ◽

Russell Moralee ◽

Aderonke Abiodun ◽

Deepa Gopalan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Supply And Demand ◽

Complication Rates ◽

Cardiac Pacemakers ◽

Survey Tool ◽

Mr Conditional ◽

Mri Scans ◽

Implantation Rates ◽

ObjectiveTo determine provision of MRI for patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs; pacemakers and defibrillators) in England, to understand regional variation and assess the impact of guideline changes.MethodsRetrospective data related to MRI scans performed in patients with CIED over the preceding 12 months was collected using a structured survey tool distributed to every National Health Service Trust MRI unit in England. Data were compared with similar data from 2014/2015 and with demand (estimated from local CIED implantation rates and regional population data by sustainability and transformation partnerships (STPs)).ResultsResponses were received from 212 of 223 (95%) hospitals in England. 112 (53%) MRI units’ scan patients with MR-conditional CIEDs (10% also scan non-MR conditional devices), compared with 46% of sites in 2014/2015. Total annual scan volume increased over fourfold between 2014 and 2019 (1090 to 4896 scans). There was widespread geographical variation, with five STPs (total population >3·5 million representing approximately 25 000 patients with CIED) with no local provision. There was no correlation between local demand (CIED implantation rates) and MRI provision (scan volume). Complication rates were extremely low with three events nationally in 12 months (0·06% CIED–MRI scans).ConclusionsProvision of MRI for patients with CIEDs in England increased over fourfold in 4 years, but an estimated 10-fold care gap remains. Almost half of hospitals and 1 in 10 STPs have no service, with no relationship between local supply and demand. Availability of MRI for patients with non-MR conditional devices, although demonstrably safe, remains limited.

The Dynamic Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Log Prices in China: An Analysis Based on the TVP-VAR Model

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12040449 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 449

Author(s):

Chenlu Tao ◽

Gang Diao ◽

Baodong Cheng

Keyword(s):

Exchange Rate ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

Oil Prices ◽

Control Measures ◽

Var Model ◽

Time Varying ◽

Wood Industry ◽

China’s wood industry is vulnerable to the COVID-19 pandemic since wood raw materials and sales of products are dependent on the international market. This study seeks to explore the speed of log price recovery under different control measures, and to perhaps find a better way to respond to the pandemic. With the daily data, we utilized the time-varying parameter autoregressive (TVP-VAR) model, which can incorporate structural changes in emergencies into the model through time-varying parameters, to estimate the dynamic impact of the pandemic on log prices at different time points. We found that the impact of the pandemic on oil prices and Renminbi exchange rate is synchronized with the severity of the pandemic, and the ascending in the exchange rate would lead to an increase in log prices, while oil prices would not. Moreover, the impulse response in June converged faster than in February 2020. Thus, partial quarantine is effective. However, the pandemic’s impact on log prices is not consistent with changes of the pandemic. After the pandemic eased in June 2020, the impact of the pandemic on log prices remained increasing. This means that the COVID-19 pandemic has long-term influences on the wood industry, and the work resumption was not smooth, thus the imbalance between supply and demand should be resolved as soon as possible. Therefore, it is necessary to promote the development of the domestic wood market and realize a “dual circulation” strategy as the pandemic becomes a “new normal”.

Impact of quality management systems on teaching-learning processes

Quality Assurance in Education ◽

10.1108/qae-09-2013-0037 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 394-415 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Francisco José Fernández Cruz ◽

Inmaculada Egido Gálvez ◽

Rafael Carballo Santaolalla

Keyword(s):

Quality Management ◽

Student Learning ◽

School Quality ◽

Learning Processes ◽

Management Systems ◽

Quality Management Systems ◽

Content Type ◽

Teaching Learning ◽

Purpose Quality management systems are being used more frequently in educational institutions, although their application has generated a certain amount of disagreement among education experts, who have at times questioned their suitability and usefulness for improving schools. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to this discussion by providing additional knowledge on the effects in educational institutions of implementing quality management systems. Specifically, this study investigates teachers’ and managers’ perception of the impact that quality management systems have on one essential dimension of schools, the teaching–learning processes, with impact being understood as sustained medium- and long-term organisational change. Design/methodology/approach The responses were analysed and classified into a set of sub-dimensions linked to quality management processes in a total of 29 Spanish primary and secondary education schools that have used such systems for at least three years. Findings The results showed that, according to the respondents, the following sub-dimensions were improving as a result of implementing quality management plans: teaching and learning processes, the analysis of student results, tutoring, consideration of attitudes and values and assessment processes. Conversely, quality management systems did not seem to have a clear impact on the teaching methodologies used by teachers or on family involvement in student learning. In fact, the perceived impact in these sub-dimensions varied among teachers of public and private schools as well as when comparing different regional autonomous communities. Originality/value As the main objective of a school is to guarantee student learning, one of the essential purposes of school quality assurance systems is to perform all the activities aimed at ensuring high levels of student performance.