Optimizing Experimental Variables to Enhance the Biodegradability of Polylactic Acid

2014 ◽  
Vol 472 ◽  
pp. 815-819
Author(s):  
Shu Wen Wang ◽  
Te Li Su
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Parameter Design ◽  
Hydrolysis Rate ◽  
Biodegradable Materials ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Control Factors

Polylactic acid (PLA), the biodegradable materials, mainly using biobase as raw materials, is the biodegradable polyester manufactured with fermentation and chemical synthesis, or polymerization of monomers from petrochemical products. The polymer usually made with the renewable resources, such as microorganism, plants and animals, will be decomposed into water and carbon dioxide if the natural landfill or compost environment has sufficient moisture, temperature, oxygen and suitable microorganism. Therefore, this paper aims to improve the hydrolysis rate of the PLA during the whole decomposition process and to increase the decomposition rate of PLA in the natural environment. In this paper, Taguchi method was used for the parameter design of PLA hydrolysis and focusing on choosing the conditions that would affect PLA hydrolysis as control factors, for example, temperature, bacteria, ventilation degree and nutrient. Meanwhile, the experiment was conducted with L8 orthogonal array and analysis of variance to find out the significant factor and the optimal conditions of PLA hydrolysis. We found the temperature and bacteria are signify factors by the variance. Lastly, confirmation experiments verified the reproducibility of this experiment. Confirmed by the experiments, results showed that the obtained SN ratios were greater than the rate of eight PLA hydrolysis experiments and this means the experiment is reliable.

Optimization for Biodegradability of Polylactic Acid by Using Taguchi Design of Experimental Methodology

2012 ◽  
Vol 622-623 ◽  
pp. 99-102
Author(s):  
Shu Wen Wang ◽  
Te Li Su
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Parameter Design ◽  
Hydrolysis Rate ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Hydrolysis Conditions ◽  
Significant Factors

The purpose of this research is to raise the initial hydrolysis rate of polylactic acid (PLA) during the entire decomposing process, and then enhance the decomposition rate of PLA in natural environment. This research uses Taguchi method to do the parameter design of PLA hydrolysis. And then main effect analysis is applied to find out the significant factors and the optimal hydrolysis conditions for PLA. By the results of the confirmation experiments, the optimal conditions of the PLA hydrolysis rate got by these experiments are all located on the 95% confidence interval. This indicates that these experiments are with reproducibility and reliability.

Optimum Parameter Design of Microbubble Drag Reduction in a Turbulent Flow by the Taguchi Method Combined With Artificial Neural Networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwan Ouyang ◽  
Sheng-Ju Wu ◽  
Huang-Hsin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Drag Reduction ◽  
Bubble Size ◽  
Optimum Parameter ◽  
Air Injection ◽  
Parameter Design ◽  
Control Factors

This study attempts to optimize parameters for the microbubble drag reduction in a turbulent flow based on experimental measurements. Five parameters were investigated: three are control factors (the area of air injection, bubble size, and the rate of air injection) and two are indicative factors (flow speed and the measured position of local shear stress). An integrated approach of combining the Taguchi method with artificial neural networks (ANN) is proposed, implementing the optimum parameter design in this study. Based on the experimental results, analysis of variance concluded that, among the control factors, the rate of air injection has the greatest influence on microbubble drag reduction, while bubble size has the least. The investigation of drag reduction characteristics revealed that the drag ratio decreases with an increasing rate of air injection. However, if the rate of air supplied exceeds a certain value, the efficiency of drag reduction can drop. In the case of optimum parameter design, a 21% drag reduction and an S/N ratio of 1.976 dB were obtained.

scholarly journals Bioplastics advances and their role in the management of plastic pollution

2021 ◽  
pp. 229-240
Author(s):  
Nidhi Sharma ◽  
Salman Akhtar ◽  
Mohammad Kalim Ahmad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Reduction ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Degradation Properties

Bioplastics are a type of plastic which are natural and renewable. These are made from raw materials such as sugarcane, corn starch, wood, wastepaper, fats, bacteria, algae. Bioplastics are eco-friendly as they can decompose back into carbon dioxide. Reduction of greenhouse gases through reduced carbon footprint occurs by the usage of renewable resources. In contrast to petrochemical plastics, bioplastics production is around 80% which is less than carbon dioxide. Bioplastics have been used as attractive materials for biomedical applications due to their physicochemical, biological, and degradation properties. Due to the widespread use of bioplastics, they are essential materials. Biowaste products should be designed correctly for the benefit of the environment and the utilization of these products. In composting and an anaerobic digestion infrastructure, a part of biorefineries, technology is beneficial. Enhanced production of plastics across the globe has been added more waste pollution. Recycling plastic waste is one solution to the increased plastic pollution, but it alone is not the only one. Decreased usage of fossil-based plastics is vital in the aspect of sustainability. This study aims to review the recent advances of bioplastics and their possible implications for controlling and managing plastic pollution.

Improving the Biodegradability of Polylactic Acid at Alcaligenes Faecalis and Staphylococcus Aureus Using the Optimization Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 743 ◽  
pp. 213-217
Author(s):  
Shu Wen Wang ◽  
Te Li Su
Keyword(s):  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Alcaligenes Faecalis ◽  
Hydrolysis Rate ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Hydrolysis Conditions ◽  
Significant Factors

The degradation of polylactic acid (PLA) can be divided into the hydrolysis, the degradation and metabolism. The hydrolysis reaction is caused by chain breakdown of the polymers of polylactic acid, resulting in the degradation of polylactic acid. Therefore, this study aims to improve the hydrolysis rate of PLA at the early stage of degradation process and then it increases the degradation rate of the PLA in the natural environment. We employed Taguchi method for parameter design of PLA hydrolysis, focusing on the control factors that affect the conditions of the hydrolysis rate of PLA, such as temperature, bacteria, ventilation degree, and nutrients and we also used orthogonal array to precede experiments, in conjunction with analysis of variance (ANOVA) to identify significant factors and optimal hydrolysis conditions for PLA. By analysis of variance, we know that temperature and bacteria as significant factors, and the factor of temperature contributed 96.882%. Finally, we employed confirmation Experiment to verify the reproducibility of the experiments. Our results have shown that the best condition of PLA hydrolysis rate experience with the reliability of its representatives are in compliance with the 95% of confidence interval, CI, which indicates the reliability of our study.

scholarly journals FLAVONOIDS OF POPULUS BALSAMIFERA L. BUDS AND METHODS FOR THEIR ISOLATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 181-188
Author(s):  
Sergazy Mynzhasarovich Adekenov ◽  
Gabiden Maratovich Baysarov ◽  
Il'ya Anatol'yevich Khabarov ◽  
Vladilen Vasil'yevich Polyakov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Chromatographic Separation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Populus Balsamifera ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Liquid Carbon ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Isolation And Purification ◽  
Liquid Carbon Dioxide

The buds of Populus balsamifera L. are a source of biologically active compounds, among which flavonoids are considered major. The aim of our study is to determine the optimal method for extraction by barothermal method, ethanol and supercritical carbon dioxide, isolation and purification of flavonoid components of Populus balsamifera L. buds. The article presents the results of a study of barothermic, alcohol extraction and extraction by liquid carbon dioxide of the raw materials of the Populus balsamifera L. buds. All three methods allow the extraction of biologically active flavonoids. Moreover, the completeness of the extraction of the flavonoids of the Populus balsamifera L. buds is achieved by the barothermic method. In turn, the extraction by liquid carbon dioxide allows the targeted extraction of pinostrobin with a high content in sum of Populus balsamifera L. buds substances. During chromatographic separation using petroleum ether : ethyl acetate as eluents, yield of flavonoids pinostrobin, tectochrysine, pinocembrin and chrysin is comparatively higher than when using other systems as eluents. Thus, for the preparative production of biologically active flavonoids pinostrobin, tectochrysine, pinocembrin and chrysin, we have determined the optimal conditions for extraction by the barothermic method and chromatographic separation of the sum of substances of Populus balsamifera L. buds.

Organic chemical devulcanization of rubber vulcanizates in supercritical carbon dioxide and associated less eco-unfriendly approaches: A review

2021 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2110085
Author(s):  
Jabulani I Gumede ◽  
Buyiswa G Hlangothi ◽  
Chris D Woolard ◽  
Shanganyane P Hlangothi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Waste Tyres ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

There is a growing need to recover raw materials from waste due to increasing environmental concerns and the widely adopted transition to circular economy. For waste tyres, it is necessary to continuously develop methods and processes that can devulcanize rubber vulcanizates into rubber products with qualities and properties that can closely match those of the virgin rubber. Currently, the most common, due to its efficiency and perceived eco-friendliness in recovering raw rubber from waste rubbers, such as tyres, is devulcanization in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) using commercial and typical devulcanizing agents. The scCO2 has been generally accepted as an attractive alternative to the traditional liquid-based devulcanization media because of the resultant devulcanized rubber has relatively better quality than other processes. For instance, when scCO2 is employed to recover rubber from waste tyres (e.g. truck tyres) and the recovered rubber is blended with virgin natural rubber (NR) in various compositions, the curing and mechanical properties of the blends closely match those of virgin NR. The atmospheric toxicity and cost of the commonly used devulcanization materials like chemical agents, oils and solvents have enabled a shift towards utilization of greener (mainly organic) and readily available devulcanization chemical components. This literature review paper discusses the approaches, which have less negative impact on the environment, in chemical devulcanization of rubber vulcanizates. A special focus has been on thermo-chemical devulcanization of waste tyres in scCO2 using common organic devulcanizing agents.

scholarly journals Optimal Parameter Design for IC Wire Bonding Process by Using Fuzzy Logic and Taguchi Method

IEEE Access ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 3034-3045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinn-Tsong Tsai ◽  
Cheng-Chung Chang ◽  
Wen-Ping Chen ◽  
Jyh-Horng Chou
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Optimal Parameter ◽  
Wire Bonding ◽  
Bonding Process ◽  
Parameter Design

Carbon Dioxide as a Carbon Resource – Recent Trends and Perspectives

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 961-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Hölscher ◽  
Christoph Gürtler ◽  
Wilhelm Keim ◽  
Thomas E. Müller ◽  
Martina Peters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Chemical Research ◽  
Bond Forming ◽  
Bulk Chemicals ◽  
High Thermodynamic Stability ◽  
Recent Trends

With the growing perception of industrialized societies that fossil raw materials are limited resources, academic chemical research and chemical industry have started to introduce novel catalytic technologies which aim at the development of economically competitive processes relying much more strongly on the use of alternative carbon feedstocks. Great interest is given world-wide to carbon dioxide (CO2) as it is part of the global carbon cycle, nontoxic, easily available in sufficient quantities anywhere in the industrialized world, and can be managed technically with ease, and at low cost. In principle carbon dioxide can be used to generate a large variety of synthetic products ranging from bulk chemicals like methanol and formic acid, through polymeric materials, to fine chemicals like aromatic acids useful in the pharmaceutical industry. Owing to the high thermodynamic stability of CO2, the energy constraints of chemical reactions have to be carefully analyzed to select promising processes. Furthermore, the high kinetic barriers for incorporation of CO2 into C-H or C-C bond forming reactions require that any novel transformation of CO2 must inevitably be associated with a novel catalytic technology. This short review comprises a selection of the most recent academic and industrial research developments mainly with regard to innovations in CO2 chemistry in the field of homogeneous catalysis and processes.

Analysis of tool vibration and surface roughness during turning process of tempered steel samples using Taguchi method

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440892110019
Author(s):  
Menderes Kam ◽  
Mustafa Demirtaş
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Turning Process ◽  
Machining Time ◽  
Tool Vibration ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Tempered Steel

This study analyzed the tool vibration (Vib) and surface roughness (Ra) during turning of AISI 4340 (34CrNiMo6) tempered steel samples using Taguchi Method. In this context, Taguchi design L18 (21 × 32) was used to analyze the experimental results. The vibration amplitude values from cutting tools were recorded for different machining parameters, control factors; two different sample hardness (46 and 53 HRc), three different cutting speeds (180, 220, 260 m.min−1), and feed rates (0.08, 0.14, 0.20 mm.rev−1) were selected. The machining parameters giving optimum Vib and Ra values were determined. Regression analysis is applied to predict values of Vib and Ra. Analysis of variance was used to determine the effects of machining parameters on the Vib and Ra values. The most important machining parameters were found to be the feed rate, sample hardness, and cutting speed for Vib and Ra, respectively. The lowest Vib and Ra values were obtained in 46 HRc sample as 0.0022 gRMS and 0.255 µm, respectively. The surface quality can be improved by reducing the sources of vibration by using appropriate machining parameters. As a result, there is a significant relationship between Ra and Vib. The lower Ra values were found during turning process of tempered steel samples according to the literature studies. It is suggested that the process can be preferred as an alternative process to grinding process due to lower cost and machining time. In application of the turning of experiment samples by ceramic cutting tool, a substantial technological and economical benefit has been observed.

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