Effects of Ambient Temperature Condition on Biodiesel Properties Derived from Palm Oil

2014 ◽  
Vol 663 ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Latip Lambosi ◽  
Hanis Zakaria ◽  
M. Jaat ◽  
Bukhari Manshoor ◽  
Amir Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Glass Container ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Ambient Temperature Condition ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Co Emission ◽  
Temperature Storage

Crude palm oil (CPO) is currently the most preferable feedstock to be converting into biodiesel via transesterification process in this region. Though the commercial projections for biodiesel have grown, there remains some concerns with respect to its resistance to degradation during storage that possibly will compromise the fuel quality. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influences of ambient temperature condition on properties of biodiesel characteristics and emission. The biodiesel samples were stored and monitored in glass container at the temperature 6°C, 25°C and 30°C, and blending of biodiesel was varied from 5vol% (B5) - 45vol% (B45). The changes of density, kinematic viscosity, flash point, water content, acid value, and as well as emission of CO2 and CO were observed. The result show storage under ambient temperatures properties of CPO biodiesel were found to have higher value compare to the other temperature storage and also have significant effect on the CO emission.

In the Heat and Noise of the Moment: Effects on Risky Decision Making

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Syndicus ◽  
Bettina S. Wiese ◽  
Christoph van Treeck
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Risky Decision ◽  
Balloon Analogue Risk Task ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Task Effects ◽  
Ambient Temperature Condition ◽  
Risk Scenario ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Office Environments

Two studies, comprising 128 participants, were conducted to examine possible detrimental effects of noise and moderate heat stress on decision making. Three tasks involving risky decisions were used: a lottery choice task, the Balloon Analogue Risk Task, and two risk scenario questionnaires. Study 1 ( n = 97) involved three noise stressors presented at 60dB(A) and a quiet condition. Compared with all other conditions, a radio podcast about the jubilee of museums caused a significant increase in risk aversion in the Choice Dilemma Questionnaire task. Study 2 ( n = 31) compared two groups that completed the aforementioned tasks either in a warm (≥ 30°C) or neutral (≤ 25°C) ambient temperature condition. Participants made significantly riskier decisions in the warm ambient temperature condition in all tasks except the lottery task. Effects were more pronounced among female subjects. Especially elevated ambient temperatures should, therefore, be monitored in office environments to prevent impairments of decision making.

scholarly journals Influence of Ambient Temperature on Radiative and Convective Heat Dissipation Ratio in Polymer Heat Sinks

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2286
Author(s):  
Jan Kominek ◽  
Martin Zachar ◽  
Michal Guzej ◽  
Erik Bartuli ◽  
Petr Kotrbacek
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Convective Heat ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Heat Sinks ◽  
Fourth Power ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
University Of Technology

Miniaturization of electronic devices leads to new heat dissipation challenges and traditional cooling methods need to be replaced by new better ones. Polymer heat sinks may, thanks to their unique properties, replace standardly used heat sink materials in certain applications, especially in applications with high ambient temperature. Polymers natively dispose of high surface emissivity in comparison with glossy metals. This high emissivity allows a larger amount of heat to be dissipated to the ambient with the fourth power of its absolute surface temperature. This paper shows the change in radiative and convective heat transfer from polymer heat sinks used in different ambient temperatures. Furthermore, the observed polymer heat sinks have differently oriented graphite filler caused by their molding process differences, therefore their thermal conductivity anisotropies and overall cooling efficiencies also differ. Furthermore, it is also shown that a high radiative heat transfer leads to minimizing these cooling efficiency differences between these polymer heat sinks of the same geometry. The measurements were conducted at HEATLAB, Brno University of Technology.

scholarly journals Insufficient Stability of Clavulanic Acid in Widely Used Child-Appropriate Formulations

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Ines Mack ◽  
Mike Sharland ◽  
Janneke M. Brussee ◽  
Sophia Rehm ◽  
Katharina Rentsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Essential Medicines List ◽  
Dispersible Tablets ◽  
The Stability

Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMC) belongs to the WHO Essential Medicines List for children, but for optimal antimicrobial effectiveness, reconstituted dry powder suspensions need to be stored in a refrigerated environment. Many patients in low- and middle-income countries who are sold AMC suspensions would be expected not to keep to the specified storage conditions. We aimed to assess the stability of both ingredients in liquid formulations and dispersible tablets, combined with nationally representative data on access to appropriate storage. Degradation of amoxicillin (AMX) and clavulanic-acid (CLA) was measured in suspensions and dispersible tablets commercially available in Switzerland at different ambient temperatures (8 °C vs. 28 °C over 7 days, and 23 °C vs. 28 °C over 24 h, respectively). Data on access to refrigeration and electricity were assessed from the USAID-funded Demographic and Health Survey program. In suspensions, CLA degraded to a maximum of 12.9% (95% CI −55.7%, +29.9%) at 8°C and 72.3% (95% CI −82.8%, −61.8%) at a 28 °C ambient temperature during an observation period of 7 days. Dispersible tablets were observed during 24 h and CLA degraded to 15.4% (95% CI −51.9%, +21.2%) at 23 °C and 21.7% (−28.2%, −15.1%) at a 28 °C ambient temperature. There is relevant degradation of CLA in suspensions during a 7-day course. To overcome the stability challenges for all active components, durable child-appropriate formulations are needed. Until then, prescribers of AMC suspensions or pharmacists who sell the drug need to create awareness for the importance of proper storage conditions regarding effectiveness of both antibiotics and this recommendation should be reflected in the WHO Essential Medicines List for children.

Ambient temperature effects on physiological traits of white-tailed deer

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 679-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Holter ◽  
W. E. Urban Jr. ◽  
H. H. Hayes ◽  
H. Silver ◽  
H. R. Skutt
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Wind Chill ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Energy Equilibrium ◽  
Body Energy

Six adult white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus borealis) were exposed to 165 periods of 12 consecutive hours of controlled constant ambient temperature in an indirect respiration calorimeter. Temperatures among periods varied from 38 to 0 (summer) or to −20C (fall, winter, spring). Traits measured were energy expenditure (metabolic rate), proportion of time spent standing, heart rate, and body temperature, the latter two using telemetry. The deer used body posture extensively as a means of maintaining body energy equilibrium. Energy expenditure was increased at low ambient temperature to combat cold and to maintain relatively constant body temperature. Changes in heart rate paralleled changes in energy expenditure. In a limited number of comparisons, slight wind chill was combatted through behavioral means with no effect on energy expenditure. The reaction of deer to varying ambient temperatures was not the same in all seasons of the year.

Change in the Properties of a Lead-acid Battery Depending on the Cycling Speed and the Ambient Temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-134
Author(s):  
Jana Zimáková ◽  
Petr Baca ◽  
Martin Langer ◽  
Tomáš Binar
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Lead Acid Battery ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Lead Acid Batteries ◽  
Temperature Dependences ◽  
Cycling Speed ◽  
Lead Acid

This work deals with lead-acid batteries, their properties and individual types that are available on the market. The temperature dependences of the battery parameters at different ambient temperatures and at different discharging and charging modes are measured. 6 batteries are tested at different charging currents, which provides information about their behavior both during discharge and at the time of charging. During the experiments, testing is not only performed at room temperature, but the batteries are also exposed to high temperatures up to 75 °C.

Effect of Changes in Ambient Temperature on Spontaneous Activity, Food Intake and Body Weight of Goldthioglucose-Obese and Nonobese Mice

1957 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Fregly ◽  
N. B. Marshall ◽  
J. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Running Activity ◽  
Body Weights

Goldthioglucose-obese mice cannot adjust their food intake to meet the increased energy requirements due to cold. At all ambient temperatures above 15°C the spontaneous running activity of these animals is less than that observed for nonobese controls. Activity of obese mice is maximal at 19°C and minimal at 15°C or lower. Body weights decrease during exposure to cold. In contrast to that of obese mice, running activity of nonobese controls is maximal at an ambient temperature of 25°C but nearly ceases at 15°C or lower. The food intake of these animals increases in the cold and remains elevated even at temperatures at which activity decreases. The body weight of nonobese controls is either maintained constant or increases during exposure to cold air.

Effect of ambient temperature on protein breakdown during prolonged exercise

1988 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 550-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Dolny ◽  
P. W. Lemon
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Prolonged Exercise ◽  
Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽  
Protein Breakdown ◽  
Protein Utilization ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Environmental Temperatures ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
H Protein

Male subjects (n = 8) cycled for 90 min in 5, 20, and 30 degrees C environments. Rectal (Tre), chest, and thigh temperatures, O2 consumption (VO2), respiratory exchange ratio (R), and venous concentrations of glucose, free fatty acids (FFA), urea N, lactic acid (LA), norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), and cortisol (C) were measured before, during, and after exercise. Urea N excretion was measured in 72 h of nonexercise, in 72 h of exercise (exercise day + 2 post-exercise days) urine samples, and in exercise sweat. Calculated 72-h protein utilization (means +/- SE) was significantly greater (P less than 0.05) for the 5 (86.9 +/- 27.1 g) and 20 (82.9 +/- 22.7 g) compared with 30 degrees C (34.01 +/- 19.1 g) trial. Regardless of ambient temperature exercise increased the venous concentration of C, E, and NE. These catabolic hormones were greatest in 5, lowest in 20, and intermediate in 30 degrees C. Exercise Tre and VO2 were greatest in the 30 degrees C environment. Venous FFA concentration was significantly higher and R significantly lower in 5 vs. 20 or 30 degrees C, and venous LA concentration was significantly greater in 30 vs. 20 or 5 degrees C. Although these results indicate that exercise protein breakdown is affected by ambient temperatures, the mechanism of action is not due solely to circulating NE, E, and C. Differences in venous FFA and LA across environmental temperatures suggest that alterations in carbohydrate and fat metabolism may have contributed to the observed variable protein utilization.

scholarly journals Technological, chemical, sensory, and microbiological examination of frozen chicken as affected by microwave thawing

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Kenawi
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Value ◽  
Microbiological Properties

The effect of microwave heating as a thawing method on physical, chemical sensory, and microbiological properties of frozen chicken was investigated in comparison with other thawing methods (at ambient temperature, in refrigerator, and in running tap water). Microwave thawed chicken had the highest taste panel scores and the lowest drip percentage loss compared with the other thawing methods. Thiobarbituric acid value (TBA) remarkably increased the samples thawed at ambient temperature or under running water. The data revealed that the retention of thiamin was the highest in the microwave thawed samples (97.33%), and the lowest in running water thawed samples (66.66%). The total bacterial count in frozen chicken remarkably decreased as a result of microwave thawing treatment while increased in the other treatments.

scholarly journals A Review on the Quality of Palm Oil (Elaeis guineensis) Produced Locally in Imo State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 40-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enyoh Christian Ebere ◽  
Verla Andrew Wirnkor ◽  
Enyoh Emmanuel Chinedu ◽  
Verla Evelyn Ngozi
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Smoke Point ◽  
Imo State ◽  
Open Access Journals

Over 70 % inhabitants of Imo state pend on palm oil for their cooking, frying etc. The study reviews available data on palm oil quality produced locally in Imo state with a view of providing up-to-date information and identify research gaps that could have health consequences on consumers. Peer reviewed scientific articles were reviewed and a meta-analysis of four different scientific research databases, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Directory for Open-Access Journals was conducted. The result showed that palm oil produced locally in Imo state has average of pH (4.73), acid value (28.3 mg/KOH), FFA (14.15 mg/KOH), smoke point (115°C), iodine value (1.68 wijj’s), saponification value (197.07 mgKOH/g), ester value (168.77), moisture content (0.44 %), density (0.89 g/ml), SG (0.91), peroxide value (17.75 mEq./kg), refractive index (1.46oBx) and viscocity (60.04 cps). Overall palm oil is highly degraded and of poor quality since major quality indicators are not within Nigerian Industrial Standard and Standard Organization of Nigeria. Also, there is a dearth of information/data available on quality of palm oil produced locally in Imo state especially on its microbial status. Food scientist should look in that direction to enhance proper understanding of the quality of palm oil.

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