Safety Assessment on Hydrogen Peroxide for Storage and Transportation Based on Runaway Scenario

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
De Jian Wu ◽  
Xin Ming Qian ◽  
Ping Huang
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Open Systems ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Closed Systems ◽  
Time To Maximum Rate ◽  
Thermal Risk ◽  
Explosion Accidents ◽  
Versatile Reagent

Hydrogen peroxide is a very versatile reagent for many industrial processes. Nevertheless, it is very sensitive to impurities that can catalyze its decomposition violently. Combining the recent year’s hydrogen peroxide explosion accidents, this paper seeks to establish the evaluation model for its safe storage and transportation. Firstly, the runaway scenario that can serve as a basis for the assessment of the thermal risk was briefly described. Secondly, the adiabatic temperature increase () and the pressure for closed systems were used as the severity of the assessment criteria. Both closed and open systems were discussed. Thirdly, the time to maximum rate (TMRad) was presented as the probability of occurrence of the scenario. Finally, the established model was exemplified by two examples both with and without contamination. The results show that at 20°C the severity of 30(wt.) % H2O2is critical and a small amount of Fe3+(12.7mg∙L-1) reduces theTMRadof 30(wt.) % H2O2by almost a factor of eleven. This approach can assess the safety of hydrogen peroxide for storage and transportation in advance.

Expertise as a Form of Knowledge: A Response to Quast

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-442
Author(s):  
Steve Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Social Epistemology ◽  
Open Systems ◽  
Epistemic Standard ◽  
Closed Systems ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Christian Quast has presented what he describes as a ‘role-functional’ account of expertise as a form of knowledge that purports to take into account prior discussions within recent analytic social epistemology and allied fields. I argue that his scrupulousness results in a confused version of the role-functional account, which I try to remedy by presenting a ‘clean’ account that clearly distinguishes such an account from what Quast calls a ‘competence-driven’ one. The key point of my account is that ‘competence’ pertains to knowledge in closed systems and ‘expertise’ in open systems. I observe that the invocation of ‘reliability’ as an epistemic standard simply serves to confuse the difference between the competence-driven and role-functional accounts.

6. Such quantities of sand

2014 ◽  
pp. 102-117
Author(s):  
Christopher Hall
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Open Systems ◽  
Human History ◽  
Material Flows ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
World Energy ◽  
Closed Systems

‘Such quantities of sand’ looks at sustainability and considers three features of the global materials system that need fixing: carbon dioxide emissions, world energy supply, and finite material resources. All societies, however diverse, are comprehensively and universally dependent on material artefacts. The scale of global material flows is enormous, and now greater than for all of human history. In a finite world, there are limits and so it is wise, on some timescale, to favour a circular economy of closed systems (repair, re-use, recycle) over open systems (extract, make, use, discard). Whatever else we do, it helps if we reduce the rate of flow of materials through the economy (use less, use longer).

Investigating the Mixing Efficiencies of Liquid-to-Liquid Chemical Injection Manifolds for Aquatic Invasive Species Management

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Zolper ◽  
Aaron R. Cupp ◽  
David L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Open Systems ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Aquatic Invasive Species ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Invasive Organisms ◽  
Closed Systems

Aquatic invasive species (AIS) have spread throughout the United States via major rivers and tributaries. Locks and dams positioned along affected waterways, specifically lock chambers, are being evaluated as potential management sites to prevent further expansion into new areas. Recent research has shown that infusion of chemicals (e.g., carbon dioxide) into water can block or kill several invasive organisms and could be a viable option at navigational structures such as lock chambers because chemical infusion would not interfere with vessel passage or lock operation. Chemical treatments near lock structures will require large-scale fluid-mechanic systems and significant energy. Mixing must extend to all stagnation regions within a lock structure to prevent the passage of an invasive fish. This work describes the performance of both wall- and floor-based CO2-infused-water to water injection manifolds targeted for lock structures in terms of mixing time, mixing homogeneity, injection efficiency, and operational power requirements. Both systems have strengths and weaknesses so selection recommendations are given for applications such as open systems and closed systems.

scholarly journals Open Prebiotic Environments Drive Emergent Phenomena and Complex Behavior

Life ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel Wagner ◽  
David Hochberg ◽  
Enrique Peacock-Lopez ◽  
Indrajit Maity ◽  
Gonen Ashkenasy
Keyword(s):  
Open Systems ◽  
Complex Behavior ◽  
Working Models ◽  
Emergent Phenomena ◽  
Systems Chemistry ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Closed Systems ◽  
Prebiotic Environments ◽  
Far From Equilibrium ◽  
And Function

We have been studying simple prebiotic catalytic replicating networks as prototypes for modeling replication, complexification and Systems Chemistry. While living systems are always open and function far from equilibrium, these prebiotic networks may be open or closed, dynamic or static, divergent or convergent to a steady state. In this paper we review the properties of these simple replicating networks, and show, via four working models, how even though closed systems exhibit a wide range of emergent phenomena, many of the more interesting phenomena leading to complexification and emergence indeed require open systems.

Surface flow of granular materials: model and experiments in heap formation

2001 ◽  
Vol 441 ◽  
pp. 255-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. V. KHAKHAR ◽  
ASHISH V. ORPE ◽  
PETER ANDRESÉN ◽  
J. M. OTTINO
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Open Systems ◽  
Static Friction ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Surface Flows ◽  
Industrial Practice ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Closed Systems ◽  
Good Agreement

Granular surface flows are important in industrial practice and natural systems, but the understanding of such flows is at present incomplete. We present a combined theoretical and experimental study of quasi-two-dimensional heap formation by pouring particles continuously at a point. Two cases are considered: open systems and closed systems. Experimental results show that the shear rate in the flowing layer is nearly independent of the mass flow rate, and the angle of static friction at the bed–layer interface increases with flow rate. Predictions of the model for the flowing layer thickness and interface angles are in good agreement with experiments.

scholarly journals Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) at ExposedTemperatures for Industrial Processes

Sensors ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niko Näther ◽  
Leon Juárez ◽  
Rüdiger Emmerich ◽  
Jörg Berger ◽  
Peter Friedrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Industrial Processes

E-Cigarettes: Policy Options and Legal Issues Amidst Uncertainty

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (S1) ◽  
pp. 23-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Kaufman ◽  
Margaret Mahoney
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Open System ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Open Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ◽  
Closed Systems

E-cigarettes, sometimes referred to as ENDS (Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems), include a broad range of products that deliver nicotine via heating and aerosolization of the drug. ENDS come in a variety of forms, but regardless of form generally consist of a solution containing humectant (e.g., propylene glycol or glycerol), flavorings, and usually nicotine (some solutions do not contain nicotine); a battery-powered coil that heats the solution into an aerosol (usually referred to as vapor) in an atomizing chamber; and a mouthpiece through which the user draws the vapor into the mouth and lungs. The devices may be closed systems containing prefilled cartridges, or open systems, where the user manually refills a 1-2 ml. tank with solution. What started as closed-system cigarette-shaped devices marketed as an adjunct for smoking cessation, has transitioned rapidly to literally thousands of hip and funky-designed open-system hookah pens, vape pens, and modifiable devices. For younger people, these forms are the “in” thing, while traditional cigarette-shaped devices are “out.”

Volatility of Antioxidants and Antiozonants II. Effect on Rubber Testing

1965 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Spacht ◽  
W. S. Hollingshead ◽  
H. L. Bullard ◽  
D. C. Wills
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Open Systems ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Oxygen Absorption ◽  
Accelerated Tests ◽  
Oxygen Bomb ◽  
Closed Systems

Abstract In the first paper of this series data were presented on the volatility and vapor pressure of eight antioxidants. The present work attempts to show how volatility-affects the performance of an antioxidant, particularly in accelerated aging tests. The usual accelerated tests are of two types: those using closed systems such as the air bomb, the oxygen bomb, and oxygen absorption, and those using open systems such as air oven aging and creep.

Safety Assessment for Single-Tower Self-Anchored Suspension Bridge

2010 ◽  
Vol 163-167 ◽  
pp. 2738-2741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Fei Liang ◽  
Ying Chun Fu ◽  
Yue Xu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Suspension Bridge ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Grey Theory ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Risk Ranking

Connected with the practical construction and considering Structural properties of single-tower self-anchored suspension bridge, the multi-level safety evaluation model is established according to the main risk factor and weighting rate of risk factor is analyzed by the analytic hierarchy process. A safety assessment method with qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis is proposed based on the grey theory and fuzzy mathematics theory for the practical problem of multi-index comprehensive evaluation, and risk ranking is given.

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