The Optimistic Research of Spatial Form of Zhaohua Ancient City in China

2011 ◽  
Vol 368-373 ◽  
pp. 3406-3409
Author(s):  
Ping Yao ◽  
Li Yuan

The Zhaohua is an ancient city on the Chinese Sichuan Road with more than 2000 years glorious history, and still preserve completely city gates and city walls, and the streets and lanes until now. The environment landscape space of inside and outside of the city construct were in perfect order, which were comply with “Nature and humanity” layout idea, The spatial design of whole this city has the feature of the Contrary Space Sequence combination in growth of Chinese historic ancient city. However, the Zhaohua ancient city faced with the modern spatial pattern which grows in the historical evaluation, especially with continuous exploitation of the ancient city combines with tourism economy, a problem that the space demand between residents and tourists must be arise. In the foundation of the effective protection of traditional space culture, we put forward and research to carry on space form optimization and adjustment to border space and street space, in order to meet the modern urbanization development needs, meanwhile, it has extremely important research significance to the ancient cities’ protection and the reasonable tourism development.

Infolib ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
Dilnoza Azimova ◽  
◽  

nformation about the first 12 gates located in the territory of Tashkent, its construction, as well as the names of these gates are stated. In the history of the ancient and ancient city of Tashkent you can find a lot of information about the city gates. Sources say that the castle was built in the IX-X centuries in the market area in the city center. It is surrounded by defensive walls. Gates are installed on the defensive walls. According to some sources, the number of ancient gates of Tashkent varied in different periods. For example, in the XVIII century there were 8 gates, and by the XIX century their number increased to 12. During this period, Tashkent was crossed by 8 main roads, which were the main trade routes. The city of Tashkent, a crossroads between East and West, sought to protect itself from external enemies. The defensive wall of the city had 12 gates (Takhtapul, Labzak, Kashgar, Kokand, Koymas, Beshyogoch, Kamalon, Samarkand, Kokcha, Chigatay, Sagbon, Karasaray) and two gates (i.e., a gate for 1 horseman). Of these, the gates of Labzak, Kashgar, Kokand, and Koymas were built on the eastern side of the part that was later annexed to the city, some of which were replaced. The names have also changed due to the relocation.


In 1871, the city of Chicago was almost entirely destroyed by what became known as The Great Fire. Thirty-five years later, San Francisco lay in smoldering ruins after the catastrophic earthquake of 1906. Or consider the case of the Jerusalem, the greatest site of physical destruction and renewal in history, which, over three millennia, has suffered wars, earthquakes, fires, twenty sieges, eighteen reconstructions, and at least eleven transitions from one religious faith to another. Yet this ancient city has regenerated itself time and again, and still endures. Throughout history, cities have been sacked, burned, torched, bombed, flooded, besieged, and leveled. And yet they almost always rise from the ashes to rebuild. Viewing a wide array of urban disasters in global historical perspective, The Resilient City traces the aftermath of such cataclysms as: --the British invasion of Washington in 1814 --the devastation wrought on Berlin, Warsaw, and Tokyo during World War II --the late-20th century earthquakes that shattered Mexico City and the Chinese city of Tangshan --Los Angeles after the 1992 riots --the Oklahoma City bombing --the destruction of the World Trade Center Revealing how traumatized city-dwellers consistently develop narratives of resilience and how the pragmatic process of urban recovery is always fueled by highly symbolic actions, The Resilient City offers a deeply informative and unsentimental tribute to the dogged persistence of the city, and indeed of the human spirit.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3121
Author(s):  
Guoping Xiong ◽  
Xin Cao ◽  
Nicholas A. S. Hamm ◽  
Tao Lin ◽  
Guoqin Zhang ◽  
...  

Unbalanced regional development is widespread, and the imbalance of regional development in developing countries with rapid urbanization is increasingly apparent. This threatens the sustainable development of the region. Promoting the coordinated development of the region has become a hot spot of scientific research and a major practical need. Taking 99 counties of Jiangsu Province China, a typical coastal plain region, as the basic research unit, this paper explores the unbalanced development characteristics of the regional urban spatial form using three indicators: urban spatial expansion size, development intensity, and distribution aggregation degree. Then, their driving mechanisms were evaluated using spatial autocorrelation analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, linear regression, and geographically weighted regression. Our results found that the areas with larger urban spatial expansion size and development intensity were mainly concentrated in southern Jiangsu, where there was a positive spatial correlation between them. We found no agglomeration phenomenon in urban spatial distribution aggregation degree. From the perspective of driving factors: economics was the main driving factor of urban spatial expansion size; urbanization level and urbanization quality were the main driving factors of urban spatial development intensity. Natural landform and urbanization level are the main driving factors of urban spatial distribution aggregation degree. Finally, we discussed the optimization strategy of regional coordinated development. The quality of urbanization development and regional integration should be promoted in Southern Jiangsu. The level of urbanization development should be improved relying on rapid transportation to develop along the axis in central Jiangsu. The economic size should be increased, focusing on the expansion of the urban agglomeration in northern Jiangsu. This study will enrich the perspective of research on the characteristics and mechanisms of regional urban spatial imbalance, and helps to optimize and regulate the imbalance of regional urban development from multiple perspectives.


Author(s):  
Gabriel Lefebvre-Ropars ◽  
Catherine Morency ◽  
Paula Negron-Poblete

The increasing popularity of street redesigns highlights the intense competition for street space between their different users. More and more cities around the world mention in their planning documents their intention to rebalance streets in favor of active transportation, transit, and green infrastructure. However, few efforts have managed to formalize quantifiable measurements of the balance between the different users and usages of the street. This paper proposes a method to assess the balance between the three fundamental dimensions of the street—the link, the place, and the environment—as well as a method to assess the adequation between supply and demand for the link dimension at the corridor level. A series of open and government georeferenced datasets were integrated to determine the detailed allocation of street space for 11 boroughs of the city of Montréal, Canada. Travel survey data from the 2013 Origine-Destination survey was used to model different demand profiles on these streets. The three dimensions of the street were found to be most unbalanced in the central boroughs of the city, which are also the most dense and touristic neighborhoods. A discrepancy between supply and demand for transit users and cyclists was also observed across the study area. This highlights the potential of using a distributive justice framework to approach the question of the fair distribution of street space in an urban context.


Author(s):  
El-bazoui Jaouad, Mohamed Chouitar, Abdelouaed Bouberria

The reality of historical cities of Morocco today .which is reflected in the fading and deterioration of its built framework and the loss of many of its social and economic functions has prompted many actors in the field of cultural and historical heritage to take a series of measures in order to rehabilitate them to cope with the pace of development, witnessed by its urban and social surrounding. In this context, the city of Taza is one of the ancient Moroccan cities that have a glorious history, an integrated urban fabric, and unique historical monuments. it is an essential building block of Morocco’s cultural heritage, which has played its part throughout history and withstood all the challenges it has faced. However; despite its importance the city has not received the attention it deserves for its historical value, its historical monuments are currently suffering from the continuous deterioration and fading, which necessitates the search for an effective strategy that evokes the criteria of governance as a gateway to the rehabilitation of its ancient heritage. To address this issue we will try to answer the following questions: To what extent is the territorial governance a mechanism for the rehabilitation and development of the ancient city of Taza? What are the most important rehabilitation projects of the ancient city of Taza?


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-125
Author(s):  
Bevz M ◽  

Ancient city fortifications are one of the specific types of defensive architecture. Along with the buildings of castles, blocks of urban residential development, monastery complexes and field defensive structures, they formed a special type of architectural and urban planning objects. During their construction, the skills of both an architect, builder, and military engineer were often combined. Not so many objects of urban defense architecture have come down to our time. Therefore, every fragment of the city's defensive walls and earthen fortifications preserved today, as a rule, is a valuable document of its era and needs careful protection and preservation. Urban fortifications (as opposed to fortifications of castles or fortresses) were the objects of priority liquidation in the process of urban development. There are very few of them preserved in Ukraine, so their preservation and study is a matter of extreme importance. Lviv is a unique city on the map of Ukraine in terms of the development of urban fortifications. The article analyzes the reflection of objects and monuments of defense construction in the scientific and design documentation "Historical and Architectural Reference Plan of the City of Lviv". Data on the stages of development of Lviv fortifications are highlighted. Special attention is paid to the remains of fortifications that have been preserved in the archaeological form. Their identification, conservation and identification is important task for modern urban development projects. The paper makes hypotheses about some hitherto unidentified elements of fortifications of the XVII-XVIII centuries. Special emphasis is placed on the need for a special scientific study on the detailed reconstruction of all stages of the development of defense belts around the city center and suburbs of Lviv


Author(s):  
Klaas R. Veenhof

AbstractThe ancient city of Assur was an important emporium and a central place in the trade between Mesopotamia and Anatolia during the nineteenth-eighteenth centuries BC. Its traders exported to Anatolia large quantities of tin and expensive woolen textiles, which were sold for silver and gold, shipped back to Assur. The traders, traveling with donkey caravans, used a network of colonies and trading stations, where they could live and work on the basis of treaties with the local rulers. After a description of Assur’s commercial role, the activities, organization and status of the traders are analyzed. First of those in Anatolia, with reference to the colonial system and the main Anatolian emporia. Next of those in Assur—“merchant-bankers”, investors (in joint-stock funds), wholesale dealers, and moneylenders—and their relations to the “City-Hall”, the economic and financial heart of Assur, and the “City-Assembly”, whose decisions and verdicts reveal elements of a commercial policy and attempts to promote its interests. While the city, whose trade covered a particular circuit of a much wider international network, also had to consider local and international interests, the “colonial” traders were more focused on financial profits, also via the local trade in copper and wool. But the tensions due to diverging interests were restricted and the Assyrians were able to maintain a stable, profitable and highly developed commercial system for more than two centuries.Durant les dixneuvième et dix huitième siècles avant J.-C. la cité-état d’Assur fut un grand centre de commerce. Ses marchands exportaient des quantités d’étain et de laines de prix à l‘Anatolie, les y vendaient contre de l’or et de l’argent, et rentraient chez eux la bourse pleine d’argent. Des caravanes d’ânes, qui assuraient le transport, sillonnaient un réseau de colonies et de comptoirs. Les marchands assyriens pouvaient s’installer là-bas et y mener leur négoce grâce aux traités conclus entre les autorités assyriennes et les princes. La description de la fonction commerciale d’Assur est suivie d’une série d’analyses portant sur les activités des marchands, de leur organisation et de leur statut. Ce sujet cohérent nous mène d’abord en Anatolie pour regarder de près son système de colonies et ses principaux comptoirs. Ensuite à la ville d’Assur, avec ses ‘banquiers-commerçants’, ses investisseurs (des fonds remis aux sociétés commandites), ses commerçants de gros et ses prêteurs. Les relations entretenues par ces quatre groupes avec ‘l’hôtel de ville’ ‐ le cœur battant de l’économie et des finances d’Assur ‐, et ‘l’assemblée municipale’ sont explorées. Les décisions et les verdicts de cette assemblée retiennent notre attention parce qu’on y décèle des traces d’une politique commerciale et des tentatives d’avancer les intérêts commerciaux d’Assur. D’une part il fallait que la ville, dont les opérations commerciales s’étendaient sur un circuit distinct intégré au vaste réseau international, tenait compte aussi des intérêts locaux et internationaux. D’autre part les profits- y inclus ceux provenant du négoce anatolien de la laine et du cuivre ‐ étaitent le point de mire des ‘marchands-colons’. Néanmoins, les tensions dues à ces intérêts divergents étant limitées, durant plus de deux siècles les Assyriens surent maintenir un système de commerce stable, productif, et très sophistiqué.


2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 797-805
Author(s):  
Carlo Rotella

This article addresses urbanists in various fields—history, the social sciences, planning, and more—who are interested in incorporating literary works into their teaching and research and may be looking for critical approaches that connect such work to their own expertise. It begins from the premise that the traits that make a city a city present writers with opportunities to tell stories, experiment with form, make meaning, and otherwise exercise the literary imagination. When we use “urban literature” as a category of analysis, when we try to identify relationships between cities and the writing produced in and about them, we are asserting that this writing takes shape around confronting the city as a formal, social, and conceptual challenge. This article explores examples of texts ranging from Sister Carrie to I Am Legend and beyond that engage signature urban processes such as urbanization, development, and the dense overlap of orders.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-216
Author(s):  
Dwi Lindarto Hadinugroho ◽  
Eunice Ananda Putri Matondang

As a developing city, Medan carries out a significant role in establishing the identity and image of the city and the development of the surrounding cities and districts. One effort to establish the identity and image of the city can be created through the existence of city gates that can produce a plot, rhythm, and balance for the city bounded. The gate of Medan City has not succeeded in becoming a city gate that meets the needs needed by migrants who pass through the city gate area. This study will address the problems discovered at the Medan City gate in Binjai, Tanjung Morawa, Tembung, and Pancur Batu and relate them to the rejuvenation of the city area through revitalization methods in supporting Metropolitan Mebidangro. The research aims to analyze predetermined variables, namely elements of the city image, namely path, edge, district, nodes, and landmark. For this reason, a qualitative descriptive study was carried out, which was realized through observation and interviews and also documentation studies. The results of the research obtained from this study can be used as a reference and solution to find out the problems that exist int the area around Medan City gate and also give functional supports to develop the area around Medan City.


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