Research on the Recycling Question of Electronics Manufacturers Implementing EPR Based on Differences in Consumer Demand

2013 ◽  
Vol 774-776 ◽  
pp. 1991-1995
Author(s):  
Zhen Huan Kong ◽  
Yu Yan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Consumer Demand ◽  
New Products ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Product Demand

According to consumer different preferences for new products and recycled products, considered on the differences in product demand, the recycling question of electronics manufacturers implementing EPR is studied in this paper. Firstly, the recovery rate of electronics manufacturers under the unconstraint of EPR is studied. Then, a reasonable recovery rate under the constraint of EPR is analyzed. The study shows that a reasonable recovery rate under the constraint of EPR should be constraints in the range between that electronics manufacturers actively implemented and forced to treat EPR. And the production costs is higher, the recycled goods costs is lower, and the waste products recycling difficulty is smaller, which reasonable recovery should be ordered greater. Finally, the policy and recommendations for implementation of EPR is given which EPR should be Implement sub-period phases and sub-enterprises.

scholarly journals The marketing strategies of Serbian honey producers

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlade Zarić ◽  
Zorica Vasiljević ◽  
Nebojša Nedić ◽  
Danijela Petković
Keyword(s):  
New Products ◽  
Direct Marketing ◽  
Paper Analysis ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Personal Contact ◽  
Direct Sales ◽  
Product Demand ◽  
Diversification Strategies

Serbian honey producers are exposed to the increased international competition of recent years. To face up to the new changes, producers are progressively using diversification strategies, such as direct sales and production diversification. The direct sales strategy allows the producers to increase the product added value, while diversification aims to offer new products to the consumers. The aim of this paper is to analyse the honey marketing strategy of Serbian honey producers. The first part of the paper analyses the structure of production costs, production performances as well as the determinants of the honey supply. In the second part of the paper, analysis is focused on the determinants of direct sales. Finally, in the third part of the paper, diversification strategies are discussed. The data for this research has been obtained on the basis of a representative sample consisting of 84 Serbian honey producers interviewed in 2011 and 2012. The results show that the Serbian honey producers operate with more or less similar production costs and with production performances that do not differ significantly. They use direct marketing for two reasons: firstly, it affords personal contact with consumers, and secondly, they aim to decrease the transaction costs, thereby keeping a higher share of the product’s final value. Offering new products to consumers is an attempt to create additional product demand.

scholarly journals Materials and Applications for Low-Cost Ceramic Membranes

Membranes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanmyrat Abdullayev ◽  
Maged Bekheet ◽  
Dorian Hanaor ◽  
Aleksander Gurlo
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Temperature Stability ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
High Temperature Stability ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Materials Used

In water treatment applications, the use of ceramic membranes is associated with numerous advantages relative to polymer-based filtration systems. High-temperature stability, fouling resistance, and low maintenance requirements contribute to lower lifecycle costs in such systems. However, the high production costs of most commercially available ceramic membranes, stemming from raw materials and processing, are uneconomical for such systems in most water treatment applications. For this reason, there is a growing demand for new ceramic membranes based on low-cost raw materials and processes. The use of unrefined mineral feedstocks, clays, cement, sands, and ash as the basis for the fabrication of ceramic membranes offers a promising pathway towards the obtainment of effective filtration systems that can be economically implemented in large volumes. The design of effective ceramic filtration membranes based on low-cost raw materials and energy-efficient processes requires a balance of pore structure, mass flow, and robustness, all of which are highly dependent on the composition of materials used, the inclusion of various pore-forming and binding additives, and the thermal treatments to which membranes are subjected. In this review, we present recent developments in materials and processes for the fabrication of low-cost membranes from unrefined raw materials, including clays, zeolites, apatite, waste products, including fly ash and rice husk ash, and cement. We examine multiple aspects of materials design and address the challenges relating to their further development.

scholarly journals Nursery Cities: Urban Diversity, Process Innovation, and the Life Cycle of Products

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 1454-1477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Duranton ◽  
Diego Puga
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Equilibrium Model ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
New Products ◽  
Process Innovation ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Dynamic General Equilibrium Model ◽  
Ideal Process

This paper develops microfoundations for the role that diversified cities play in fostering innovation. A simple model of process innovation is proposed, where firms learn about their ideal production process by making prototypes. We build around this a dynamic general-equilibrium model, and derive conditions under which diversified and specialized cities coexist. New products are developed in diversified cities, trying processes borrowed from different activities. On finding their ideal process, firms switch to mass production and relocate to specialized cities where production costs are lower. We find strong evidence of this pattern in establishment relocations across French employment areas 1993–1996. (JEL R30, O31, D83)

scholarly journals Development of Integrated Farming Businesses Based on Zero Waste Agriculture in Parigi Moutong Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-39
Author(s):  
Burhanuddin Nasir ◽  
Irwan Lakani ◽  
Najamudin Najamudin ◽  
Sitti Sabariyah ◽  
Sri Anjar Lasmini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Livestock Waste ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Zero Waste ◽  
Integrated Farming ◽  
Regional Partnership

Zero waste agriculture is an agricultural concept oriented around the decomposition cycle of organic materials which integrates agricultural and livestock systems to reprocess waste material. Agricultural waste is used as animal feed while livestock waste/excrement is reprocessed into organic fertilizers. The Regional Partnership Service Program (PKW) aims to assist farmers in developing integrated farming businesses based around zero waste agriculture. PKW was held between May and July 2021 in Tindaki Village, South Parigi District, Parigi Moutong Regency. The implementation of this regional partnership program was carried out through a Participatory Action Programs approach, where partners are directly involved in the adoption and application of the various skills that had been developed. The procedure for activity implementation was carried out through several stages, namely: (a) counseling on zero waste agriculture, (b) training in and application of zero waste agriculture technology in the form of demonstration plots for the application of technological products, (c) coaching and mentoring, and (d) the utilization stage of technology product. The findings from the implementation concluded that the agricultural development training based on zero waste agriculture was a success, and the technology had been adopted by the community, marked by the ability to make and develop compost and liquid organic bio-urine fertilizers. Both types of organic fertilizers had been applied in the demonstration plots to assess their effectiveness in reducing the use of inorganic fertilizers. Rice production is equivalent to 5.6 tons/ha and 6 tons/ha in conventional land. These results show potential benefits for farmers, particularly regarding lower production costs compared to the usage of conventional land. Zero waste agriculture is a method of farming and livestock raising that utilizes their waste products for energy production.

scholarly journals Fisikokimia, Mikrobiologi dan Organoleptik Sosis Daging Sapi dengan Penambahan Tepung Biji Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
A. Apriantini ◽  
D. Afriadi ◽  
N. Febriyani ◽  
I. I. Arief
Keyword(s):  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Seed Flour ◽  
Total Plate Count ◽  
Durian Seed ◽  
General Appearance ◽  
Color Texture

Durian seeds are waste products from durian fruit that have not been utilized properly. Durian seedflour contain high starch as well as tapioca flour, therefore, durian seed flour can be combined withtapioca flour as a filler for sausage dough, in order to reduce production costs of sausage products. Theaim of this study was to analyze the physicochemical, microbiological and organoleptic properties of beefsausage with the addition of 0%, 25% and 50% durian seed flour from a maximum 30% of the flour usedin making sausages. The results of physical characteristics showed that the addition of durian seed flourhad a significant effect (P <0.05) on the cohesiveness of sausages and had no significant effect (P>0.05) onother physical characteristics of sausages. The microbiological assay showed that durian seed flour didnot affect the total plate count (TPC) of beef sausages. However, the total plate count of the sausages withthe addition of 25% durian seed flour still met the SNI (Indonesian National Standard) for sausages,instead of sausages with 50% durian seed flour addition. The results of chemical analysis showed that theaddition of durian seed flour had no affect on moisture content, ash content, fat content, protein content,and carbohydrate content of the sausages. The hedonic test values on the parameters of aroma, color,texture and general appearance also showed no significant effect (P> 0.05), except for taste parameters.The hedonic quality test value also showed that the addition of durian seed flour had no different effect(P> 0.05) on the parameters of aroma, color, texture, and general appearance, but had different effect (P<0.05) on the sausage taste. The addition of durian seed flour produced a distinctive taste which coverthe flavor of sausage.

scholarly journals Assessing the impact of design on the development of digital services

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Santos Garbulho ◽  
André Leme Fleury ◽  
Eduardo Camillo Kasparevicis Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
New Products ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Organizational Strategy ◽  
Emotional Needs ◽  
Digital Services ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper analyzes how design diffusion is changing the organizational logics of established companies. If previously design activities had as its main objective packaging new technologies to create differentials for products and services and to reduce production costs, with the diffusion of digital services currently design activities expand its scope and identify functional and emotional needs from users that are relevant for creating differentiated experiences, that in turn will result in new products and services that incorporate existing and emerging technologies of the firm. This transformation reveals a new organizational strategy, in which design assumes a more relevant position for the creation of innovative business models. However, a point not yet considered in the literature is how companies are restructuring their operations in order to benefit from this transition. This paper analyzes how Brazilian organizations of different sizes and sectors have redefined their management models in order to incorporate design as a catalyst of change. The obtained framework consolidates the main propositions of design while directing of the changes in the organizations in the operational, tactical and strategic levels.

scholarly journals Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Ekonomi Masyarakat Pesisir Melalui Pemberdayaan Perempuan

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Donna NP Butarbutar ◽  
Lelo Sintani ◽  
Luluk Tri Harinie
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Consumer Demand ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Economic Welfare ◽  
Waste Processing ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Fishery Products ◽  
Creative Products

This study examines the strategy of community economic welfare improvement through empowering coastal women in utilizing fishery waste products. The informants were purposively pick up from those who attended the training of waste processing of fishery products and took the follow-up training. Additional data were collected through observation, interview and documental study. The cumulative data were then examined used SWOT analysis. The results show that the workable strategy was SO (Strengths–Opportunities) strategy, namely using internal strengths to get the advantage from external opportunities. The weaknesses needs for improvement were lack of skill, lack of tools or equipment to process the products, lack of funds, unregistered business body and limited market. Meanwhile, the threats from competitors of similar products, unavailability of product distributors, consumer demand for more creative products, and rapid technological development are hard to follow by coastal women.

scholarly journals EMPING MADE OF CASSAVA IN SUKYAMAI VILLAGE SUB-DISTRICT PULO BANDRING DISTRICT ASSAHAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Eko Wahyu Nugrahadi ◽  
Sahat Siagian ◽  
Wahyu Tri Atmojo
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Product Innovation ◽  
Consumer Demand ◽  
New Products ◽  
New Product ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Packaging Design ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
Processed Products

AbstractGrated chips business developed by Mr. Bakri and Mrs. Armawati in Sukadamai Village Pulo Bandring District is still less developed and needs to be assisted. The process of grated chips production is still constrained by the low skills or innovation of processed products made from cassava produced. The two partners only make the grate, while the competition for this business continues to increase. Each day the chips grated production of these partners business can produce a total of 60 kg / day or 56 packs of grated chips. Beside that, there is still modern markets demand or cake shops that can not be fulfilled due to the lack of knowledge of partners about innovative products based on cassava and packaging design. In relation to the problems faced by both partners, Pak Bakri and Mrs. Armawati, then in the program of dedication to the community in accordance with the agreement of both partners have been planned and realized the existence of training and production simulation by making new products in the form of emping based sweet potato that can be produced by these two partners with total 90 kg / day or 120 packs/day using a cassava grinder. It also planned the procurement of packaging design tools to assist marketing programs in the fulfillment consumer demand of modern market or cake shops. The purpose of all these activities is to maintain the continuity of business or continuity of grated chips business developed by Mr. Bakri and Mrs. Armawati in Sukadamai Village Pulo Bandring sub-district. The success rate of this devotion program to community has been completed, such as: 1. There is a new product that can be produced by the business of Mr. Bakri and Mrs. Armawati, 2. The existence of cassava grinder, 3. The existence of packaging design tools, 4. The existence of packaging design.Keywords: Product Innovation, Emping made of Cassava, Packaging Design

scholarly journals Determine The Suitable Heat Input Range for Butt Joint Made by Heat Resistance Stainless Steel SUS316L by Using the Numerical Simulation 

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Heat Input ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Butt Joint ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Chemical Plants ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Input Range

One of the methods for reducing the production costs to increase competitiveness is to minimize waste products as well as the cost of testing products, and numerical simulation is a useful tool to solve this task. In this study, the authors use SYSWELD software to compute in advance the suitable heat input range to weld specific layers in heat-resistant stainless steel butt welded joints in chemical plants, oil and gas, and energy. The simulation results show that with the butt-welded joint made by SUS316L steel in 8 mm thick and welded by the MIG welding process, the appropriate heat input of the root pass is 506 J/mm ≤ qđl ≤ 650 J/mm and the heat input suitable for cap pass is 754 J/mm ≤ qđl ≤ 1066 J/mm.

scholarly journals Single Cell Oil Production from Waste Biomass: Review of Applicable Industrial By-Products

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-337
Author(s):  
Kriss Spalvins ◽  
Ilze Vamza ◽  
Dagnija Blumberga
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Single Cell Oil ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
By Products

Abstract Single cell oil (SCO) is an attractive alternative source of oil, which, depending on the fatty acid composition, can be used as a feedstock for biodiesel production, as an ingredient for pharmaceuticals or as a source of essential fatty acids for human and animal consumption. However, the use of SCO is limited due to use of relatively expensive food or feed products in the cultivation of SCO producing microorganisms. In order to reduce SCO production costs, the use of cheaper feedstock such as biodegradable agro-industrial wastes are necessary. At the same time, the microbial treatment of biodegradable wastes ensures the neutralization of environmentally harmful compounds and reduces the negative impact on the environment. Oleaginous microorganisms are capable of fermenting a variety of industrial by-products, waste products and wastewaters, however further discussion on properties of the waste materials is necessary to facilitate the selection of the most appropriate waste materials for SCO production. Thus, this review compares various industrial waste products that can be used as cheap feedstock for the cultivation of SCO producing microorganisms. Industrial waste products, by-products and wastewaters are compared according to their global availability, current use in competing industries, required pre-fermentation treatments, oleaginous microorganism cell concentrations and SCO yields.

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