Wear Resistance of Elastomeric Based Composites by Continuous Multi-Cycle Indentation Used in Manufacturing Engineering

2014 ◽  
Vol 939 ◽  
pp. 106-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Zaimova ◽  
Emin Bayraktar ◽  
Ibrahim Miskioglu ◽  
Nikolay Dishovsky
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Damage Mechanism ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Indentation Hardness ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Cut Resistance ◽  
Made In

Wear resistance is an important rubber compound property related to useful product life. The rubber compound properties that affect wear behavior are very complicated. Wear is related to a rubber compound’s cut resistance, tear resistance, fatigue resistance hardness, etc. The most commonly used test method to determine the wear resistance of rubber materials is abrasion test. Tested compounds are usually compared on a “volume loss” basis which is calculated from the weight loss and density of the compound. This method is known to be variable and doesn’t give additional information for the wear behavior. For this reason we propose alternative approaches for examination of the wear behavior of rubber composites, giving information not only for the wear resistance but also for elastic the modulus, stiffness of the material, damage mechanism, etc. Continuous multi-cycle indentation is used to determine the indentation hardness, elastic modulus and the stiffness with two indenter types –Vickers and sphero-conical. Comparison of both results is made in order to investigate the effect of the indenter type.

Tribological Studies of Steels Using the Abrasive Wheel

2009 ◽  
Vol 83-86 ◽  
pp. 545-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Abbasi ◽  
S. Kheirandish ◽  
Y. Kharrazi ◽  
J. Hejazi
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Soft Materials ◽  
Test Method ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Abrasive Wheel ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
A New Technique

The abrasive wear behaviors of different types of steels were evaluated using the abrasive wheel as a new technique in the pin on disc method. It is shown that the abrasive studies using this test method is acceptable for high wear resistance metals such as Hadfield steels, while it is not proper for soft materials such as mild steel. The test results on the different materials also show that initial hardness of materials cannot merely determine the wear resistance. However, microstructural changes during the sliding have significant effect on the wear behavior and must be included.

Wear Resistance of Internal WC-CoCr Coatings Produced by High Velocity Oxy-Fuel Spraying

2012 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 416-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioan Florin Secosan ◽  
Ion Dragoş Uţu ◽  
Viorel Aurel Şerban ◽  
Waltraut Brandl
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Complex Function ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Ring Test ◽  
Hvof Spraying ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Metallic Component ◽  
Powder Particles

Thermal spray coatings, and in particular those applied by HVOF process, are being used in a diverse range of engineering applications to extend component life by retarding wear and corrosion degradation [1]. Coatings performance is strongly dependent on microstructure [2]. The mechanical properties are a complex function of carbide size, shape and distribution, matrix hardness and toughness and the presence of various reaction products. This paper is focused on the wear resistance of WC-based coatings containing 10 mass% Co and 4 mass% Cr as the metallic binder, involving a heat-treated steel rings as substrate, a hot rolled product of structural steel in accordance with DIN EN 10113-2 for steel construction, detaining a tensile strength about 520-680 N/mm2. A feedstock powder of WC-CoCr 86 10 4 agglomerated/sintered was used for coatings production. It has good properties, such as: high resistance against oxidation and corrosion (due to the metallic component), good wear resistance (due to the ceramic component) and with a hardness in range of 1000-1300HV. The coatings have been produced by HVOF spraying of four different WC-CoCr grain size of powder particles, such as:sample 1 (-45+22µm), sample2 (-22+5µm), sample 3 (-10+2µm) and sample 4 (-2+0.5µm), using an ID CoolFlow mono gun developed especially for internal surfaces. This type of gun is a HP HVOF system for high pressure, but cold internal HVOF spraying. The morphology and the structure of the sprayed coatings were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDS) and the qualitative and quantitative phase composition of those coatings were determined applying the x-ray diffraction technique (XRD). In order to determine the sliding wear resistance of the coated samples, it was used the pin on ring test method under dry condition, with and without compressed air. This method consists into a stationary ball loaded against a ring sample in relative motion. The sliding wear rate of the tested samples was calculated from the volume of material lost during the test. The investigated samples were examined by means of stereo and light microscopy before and after exposure to wear tests. Based on the obtained results it was demonstrated that the coatings obtained from -10+2µm powder particles exhibit an optimal wear behavior when exposed to severe conditions.

scholarly journals Influence of Eta-Phase on Wear Behavior of WC-Co Carbides

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Formisano ◽  
F. Capece Minutolo ◽  
A. Caraviello ◽  
L. Carrino ◽  
M. Durante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Hard Metals ◽  
The One ◽  
Cutting Capacity ◽  
Mechanical Machining

Cemented carbides, also known as Widia, are hard metals produced by sintering process and widely used in mechanical machining. They show high cutting capacity and good wear resistance; consequently, they result to be excellent materials for manufacturing cutting tools and sandblast nozzles. In this work, the wear resistance of WC-Co carbides containing Eta-phase, a secondary phase present in the hard metals when a carbon content deficiency occurs, is analyzed. Different mixtures of carbide are prepared and sintered, with different weight percentages of carbon, in order to form Eta-phase and then analyze how the carbon content influences the wear resistance of the material. This characterization is carried out by abrasive wear tests. The test parameters are chosen considering the working conditions of sandblast nozzles. Additional information is gathered through microscopic observations and the evaluation of hardness and microhardness of the different mixtures. The analyses highlight that there is a limit of carbon content below which bad sintering occurs. Considering the mixtures without these sintering problems, they show a wear resistance depending on the size and distribution of the Eta-phase; moreover, the one with high carbon content deficiency shows the best performance.

Influence of tempering temperature on the fretting wear of low alloyed martensitic construction steel

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (18) ◽  
pp. 2050164
Author(s):  
Qibing Tang ◽  
Xuejiao Wei ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Xinyue Qiu ◽  
Xiaojun Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Damage Mechanism ◽  
Fretting Wear ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Martensitic Steels ◽  
Tempering Temperature ◽  
Construction Steel ◽  
Martensitic State ◽  
Strength And Ductility

An experimental investigation was conducted to study the fretting wear behavior of low alloyed construction steel in the tempered fully martensitic state. The resulting damage mechanism and the resistance to fretting wear of martensitic steels subjected to different tempering temperature was evaluated and compared with the virgin (un-tempered) martensitic steel under the different loading conditions. The results show that the friction coefficient increases with the increase of the tempering temperature for all the applied loads. The fretting wear resistance mainly depends on the tempering temperature. Compared to the virgin (un-tempered) full martensite, most of the tempered martensites have better fretting wear resistance, in which the tempered martensitic (TM) steel of [Formula: see text] due to a good balance of strength and ductility has a super fretting wear resistance for all loading conditions. In addition, the correlation of fretting wear resistance with the initial hardness was discussed.

THE EFFECT OF ELECTROLYTE TEMPERATURE AND SEALING SOLUTION IN ANODIZING OPERATION ON HARDNESS AND WEAR BEHAVIOR OF 7075 -T6 ALUMINUM ALLOY

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (02) ◽  
pp. 1850143
Author(s):  
SAEED NIYAZBAKHSH ◽  
KAMRAN AMINI ◽  
FARHAD GHARAVI
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Anodic Oxide ◽  
Boiling Water ◽  
Electrolyte Temperature ◽  
Oxide Coatings ◽  
Sodium Dichromate ◽  
Pin On Disk

Anodic oxide coatings are applied on aluminum alloys in order to improve corrosion resistance and to increase hardness and wear resistance. In the current study, a hard anodic coating was applied on AA7075-T6 aluminum alloy. To survey the anodizing temperature (electrolyte temperature) effect, three temperatures, namely, [Formula: see text]C, 0∘C and 5∘C were chosen and the samples were sealed in boiling water and sodium dichromate to study the role of sealing. For measuring the oxide coatings porosity and hardness and also for comparing the samples’ wear resistance field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), microhardness test and pin-on-disk method were utilized, respectively. The results showed that by increasing the anodizing temperature, hardness and consequently wear resistance decreased so that hardness and weight loss in the samples with no sealing decreased from 460[Formula: see text]HV and 0.61[Formula: see text]mg at [Formula: see text]C to 405 and 358[Formula: see text]HV and 1.05 and 1.12[Formula: see text]mg at 0∘C and 5∘C, respectively, which is due to the porosity increment by increasing the anodizing temperature. Also, sealing in boiling water and dichromate contributed to soft phases and coating hydration, which resulted in a decrease in hardness and wear resistance. Hardness and weight loss in the coated samples at [Formula: see text]C decreased from 460[Formula: see text]HV and 0.61[Formula: see text]mg in the samples with no sealing to 435 and 417[Formula: see text]HV and 0.72 and 0.83[Formula: see text]mg in the samples sealed in boiling water and dichromate, respectively.

scholarly journals WASP: a software package for correctly characterizing the topological development of ribbon structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Sierzega ◽  
Jeff Wereszczynski ◽  
Chris Prior
Keyword(s):  
Software Package ◽  
Helical Structure ◽  
Optical Tweezer ◽  
Application Software ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Magnetic Flux Ropes ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Ribbon Structures

AbstractWe introduce the Writhe Application Software Package (WASP) which can be used to characterisze the topology of ribbon structures, the underlying mathematical model of DNA, Biopolymers, superfluid vorticies, elastic ropes and magnetic flux ropes. This characterization is achieved by the general twist–writhe decomposition of both open and closed ribbons, in particular through a quantity termed the polar writhe. We demonstrate how this decomposition is far more natural and straightforward than artificial closure methods commonly utilized in DNA modelling. In particular, we demonstrate how the decomposition of the polar writhe into local and non-local components distinctly characterizes the local helical structure and knotting/linking of the ribbon. This decomposition provides additional information not given by alternative approaches. As example applications, the WASP routines are used to characterise the evolving topology (writhe) of DNA minicircle and open ended plectoneme formation magnetic/optical tweezer simulations, and it is shown that the decomponsition into local and non-local components is particularly important for the detection of plectonemes. Finally it is demonstrated that a number of well known alternative writhe expressions are actually simplifications of the polar writhe measure.

Wear Behavior and Structural Characterization of a Nitrogen Implanted Ti6Al4V Alloy at Different Temperatures

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Martinella ◽  
G. Chevallard ◽  
C. Tosello
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Hardened Layer ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Theory Comparison ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Nitrogen Ions ◽  
Wear Tests

ABSTRACTMechanically polished Ti6Al4V samples were implanted with 100 key nitrogen ions to a fluence of 5.1017 ions/cm2 at two different bulk tenneratures: 370°C and 470°C. Wear tests were carried out with a reciprocating slidina tribotester. Structural modifications and wear morphologies were studied by TEM and SEM. 370°C implanted sample showed the same wear behavior as unimplanted ones, while 470°C implanted sample showed better wear resistance because of a TiN hardened layer. Correlations- between microstructural modifications, wear behavior and mechanisms are reported: results agree with the delamination theory. Comparison with ion- and gas-nitrided samples are presented.

Investigations on the Effect of Coating Material and Method on Die Wear in Stamping of Advanced High Strength Steels

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ömer Necati Cora ◽  
Muammer Koç ◽  
Peter J. Blau ◽  
Kunio Namiki
Keyword(s):  
Wear Behavior ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Advanced High Strength Steels ◽  
Die Wear ◽  
Die Life ◽  
Metalworking Industry ◽  
Width Measurements

Despite the advantages of advanced high strength steels (AHSS), their stamping into functional lightweight parts demands prolonged die life, which necessitates the use of alternative substrates, coating materials, and/or surface conditioning to minimize and delay the die wear. In order to avoid frequent die replacement and surface quality problems on the stamped parts, the metalworking industry has been investigating various approaches such as reducing/refining the carbide particles, adding alloying elements, and elevating the hardness and toughness values for both substrate materials and coatings. The objective of this work was to investigate the effects of different coatings on the wear behavior of a some selected tool steel materials (die sample of interest) against two different AHSS sheet blanks through a cylinder-on-flat type reciprocating test method. After wear tests, both die sample and sheet blank surface were microscopically examined. Wear resistance of the slider was quantified from wear scar width measurements. Results showed that TD and CVD coated die samples performed better than the two other PVD coated samples.

MODELING AND INVESTIGATION OF THE WEAR RESISTANCE OF SALT BATH NITRIDED AISI 4140 VIA ANN

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 1350033 ◽  
Author(s):  
ŞERAFETTIN EKINCI ◽  
AHMET AKDEMIR ◽  
HUMAR KAHRAMANLI
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Salt Bath ◽  
Back Propagation Algorithm ◽  
Aisi 4140 Steel ◽  
Aisi 4140 ◽  
Sliding Distance

Nitriding is usually used to improve the surface properties of steel materials. In this way, the wear resistance of steels is improved. We conducted a series of studies in order to investigate the microstructural, mechanical and tribological properties of salt bath nitrided AISI 4140 steel. The present study has two parts. For the first phase, the tribological behavior of the AISI 4140 steel which was nitrided in sulfinuz salt bath (SBN) was compared to the behavior of the same steel which was untreated. After surface characterization using metallography, microhardness and sliding wear tests were performed on a block-on-cylinder machine in which carbonized AISI 52100 steel discs were used as the counter face. For the examined AISI 4140 steel samples with and without surface treatment, the evolution of both the friction coefficient and of the wear behavior were determined under various loads, at different sliding velocities and a total sliding distance of 1000 m. The test results showed that wear resistance increased with the nitriding process, friction coefficient decreased due to the sulfur in salt bath and friction coefficient depended systematically on surface hardness. For the second part of this study, four artificial neural network (ANN) models were designed to predict the weight loss and friction coefficient of the nitrided and unnitrided AISI 4140 steel. Load, velocity and sliding distance were used as input. Back-propagation algorithm was chosen for training the ANN. Statistical measurements of R2, MAE and RMSE were employed to evaluate the success of the systems. The results showed that all the systems produced successful results.

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