The Growth of Carbon Nanostructure on the Mechanical-Milling-Derived Catalyst Precursors

Mechanical milling was employed to prepare the nanocomposite precursors for the catalytic growth of carbon nanostructures. For alumina substrates, our study showed that mechanical-millingderived catalyst precursors possessed high hydrogen reduction efficiency that in turn enabled the high yield of CNTs. The alloying effects presented by the mechanical milling could accelerate the substitutional reactions between the parent oxides and thus the quality of CNTs was apparently improved. In addition, by using water-soluble substrates such as NaCl, we realized large-scale formation of carbon-encapsulated metal nanoparticles (CEMNs) that can be completely separated by a simple washing process. It was found that the morphologies of as-obtained carbon nanostructures were strongly dependent on the substrate effects. By selecting different salt substrates, we can strategically change the morphologies of the as-obtained nanostructures, from CNTs to CEMNs and the intermediate state between CNTs and CEMNs, such as quasi-nanocages.

Download Full-text

Large-scale synthesis of soluble graphitic hollow carbon nanorods with tunable photoluminescence for the selective fluorescent detection of DNA

New Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1039/c5nj02037a ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 1571-1579 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Kumud Malika Tripathi ◽

Amit Kumar Sonker ◽

Anshu Bhati ◽

Jagannath Bhuyan ◽

Anupriya Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Fluorescent Detection ◽

High Yield ◽

Dna Molecules ◽

Selective Determination ◽

Turn On ◽

Large Scale Synthesis ◽

Hollow Carbon

A high-yield synthesis of water-soluble photoluminescent carbon nanorods is described. The wsCNRs were used for the selective determination of DNA molecules via a fluorescent turn-off/turn-on mechanism.

Download Full-text

Carbon nanostructure growth: new application of magnetron discharge

Journal of Achievements of Materials and Manufacturing Engineering ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0015.5856 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 109 (1) ◽

pp. 17-25

Author(s):

A. Breus ◽

S. Abashin ◽

O. Serdiuk

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanostructures ◽

Large Scale ◽

Glow Discharge Plasma ◽

Scale Production ◽

Plasma Reactors ◽

Carbon Nanostructure ◽

Magnetron Discharge ◽

Sputtering Deposition ◽

High Productivity ◽

Race Track

Purpose: The application of a common magnetron discharge to the growth of carbon nanostructures is studied. The simplicity of the proposed technique can be beneficial for the development of new plasma reactors for large-scale production of carbon nanostructures. Design/methodology/approach: Graphite cathode was treated by carbon-containing powder accelerated by use of nozzle, and then aged in hydrogen. Superposition of glow and arc discharges was obtained, when putting the cathode under the negative biasing with respect to the walls of a vacuum chamber. The pulsed discharge was preserved through the whole time of treatment. This process was explained in terms of interaction of glow discharge plasma with a surface of the cathode made of non-melting material. Findings: The plasma treatment resulted in generation of the diverse nanostructures confirmed by SEM and TEM images. Spruce-like nanostructures and nanofibers are observed near the cathode edge where the plasma was less dense; a grass-like structure was grown in the area of “race-track”; net-like nanostructures are found among the nanofibers. These findings allow concluding about the possible implementation of the proposed method in industry. Research limitations/implications: The main limitation is conditioned by an explosive nature of nanostructure generation in arcs; thus, more elaborate design of the setup should be developed in order to collect the nanospecies in the following study. Practical implications: High-productivity plasma process of nanosynthesis was confirmed in this research. It can be used for possible manufacturing of field emitters, gas sensors, and supercapacitors. Originality/value: Synthesis of carbon nanostructures is conducted by use of a simple and well-known technique of magnetron sputtering deposition where a preliminary surface treatment is added to expand the production yield and diversity of the obtained nanostructures.

Download Full-text

A Simple Synthesis of the Anticancer Drug Altretamine

Letters in Organic Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1570178617666200210111041 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (8) ◽

pp. 628-630

Author(s):

Vu Binh Duong ◽

Pham Van Hien ◽

Tran Thai Ngoc ◽

Phan Dinh Chau ◽

Tran Khac Vu

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Anticancer Drug ◽

Potassium Hydroxide ◽

Large Scale ◽

Synthesis Method ◽

Practical Method ◽

Cyanuric Chloride ◽

Simple Synthesis ◽

High Yield ◽

One Step

A simple and practical method for the synthesis on a large scale of altretamine (1), a wellknown antitumor drug, has been successfully developed. The synthesis method involves the conversion of cyanuric chloride (2) into altretamine (1) by dimethylamination of 2 with an aqueous solution of 40% dimethylamine and potassium hydroxide in 1, -dioxan 4in one step to give altretamine (1) in high yield.

Download Full-text

Additive-Enhanced Exfoliation for High-Yield 2D Materials Production

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11030601 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 601

Author(s):

Dinh-Tuan Nguyen ◽

Hsiang-An Ting ◽

Yen-Hsun Su ◽

Mario Hofmann ◽

Ya-Ping Hsieh

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

2D Materials ◽

Transition Metal Dichalcogenides ◽

Spectroscopic Characterization ◽

High Yield ◽

Nanometer Scale ◽

Efficient Production ◽

Device Performance ◽

Metal Dichalcogenides ◽

Scale Deposition

The success of van-der-Waals electronics, which combine large-scale-deposition capabilities with high device performance, relies on the efficient production of suitable 2D materials. Shear exfoliation of 2D materials’ flakes from bulk sources can generate 2D materials with low amounts of defects, but the production yield has been limited below industry requirements. Here, we introduce additive-assisted exfoliation (AAE) as an approach to significantly increase the efficiency of shear exfoliation and produce an exfoliation yield of 30%. By introducing micrometer-sized particles that do not exfoliate, the gap between rotor and stator was dynamically reduced to increase the achievable shear rate. This enhancement was applied to WS2 and MoS2 production, which represent two of the most promising 2D transition-metal dichalcogenides. Spectroscopic characterization and cascade centrifugation reveal a consistent and significant increase in 2D material concentrations across all thickness ranges. Thus, the produced WS2 films exhibit high thickness uniformity in the nanometer-scale and can open up new routes for 2D materials production towards future applications.

Download Full-text

Performance of Strawberry Varieties Developed for Perennial Matted-Row Production in Annual Plasticulture in a Cold Climate Region

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11071407 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1407

Author(s):

Courtney A. Weber

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Cold Climate ◽

Annual Production ◽

High Yield ◽

Production Cycle ◽

Late Season ◽

Berry Weight ◽

High Yields

Annual plasticulture production of strawberries promises superior weed control, fruit quality and yields. However, strawberry varieties adapted for perennial, matted-row production and local markets in cold climate regions have not been widely tested for adaptation to an annual production cycle. Productivity of seven short-day varieties developed for matted-row and/or annual production was examined in an annual plasticulture system in two consecutive trials in central NY (lat. 42.87° N, long. 76.99° W) harvested in 2013 and 2014. ‘Flavorfest’ demonstrated good performance in Trial 1 with high yield (390 g/plant) and large fruit size (13.9 g mean berry weight). ‘Jewel’ was shown to be well adapted to the annual plasticulture system with consistently high yields (330 and 390 g/plant) that equaled or surpassed other varieties and had moderate fruit size. ‘Chandler’ performed similarly to previous trials conducted in warmer regions with yield (340 g/plant) and fruit size (9.8 g mean berry weight) similar to ‘Jewel’. ‘Clancy’ yielded less but was consistent from year to year. The late season varieties Seneca and Ovation showed marked variability between years, possibly due to drastically different temperatures during flowering and fruit development in Trial 1 compared to Trial 2. High temperatures in Trial 1 likely caused higher early fruit yield, a compressed season and a precipitous decline in fruit size in the later season, thus reducing yield in the late season. Survival after a second dormant period was poor resulting in a small second harvest and reduced fruit size. Overall, the system demonstrated many of the expected benefits but may be more sensitive to weather conditions in the region. While many varieties developed for matted-row production may work well in an annual plasticulture system, not all varieties are equally adapted. Performance of each variety should be determined independently before large scale adoption by growers.

Download Full-text

Transcriptomic resources for prairie grass (Bromus catharticus): expressed transcripts, tissue-specific genes, and identification and validation of EST-SSR markers

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-021-03037-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ming Sun ◽

Zhixiao Dong ◽

Jian Yang ◽

Wendan Wu ◽

Chenglin Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Ssr Markers ◽

Large Scale ◽

Genetic Research ◽

High Yield ◽

Yield Strain ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Prairie Grass ◽

The Future ◽

Genomic Resource

Abstract Background Prairie grass (Bromus catharticus) is a typical cool-season forage crop with high biomass production and fast growth rate during winter and spring. However, its genetic research and breeding has remained stagnant due to limited available genomic resources. The aim of this study was to generate large-scale genomic data using high-throughput transcriptome sequencing, and perform a preliminary validation of EST-SSR markers of B. catharticus. Results Eleven tissue samples including seeds, leaves, and stems were collected from a new high-yield strain of prairie grass BCS1103. A total of 257,773 unigenes were obtained, of which 193,082 (74.90%) were annotated. Comparison analysis between tissues identified 1803, 3030, and 1570 genes specifically and highly expressed in seed, leaf, and stem, respectively. A total of 37,288 EST-SSRs were identified from unigene sequences, and more than 80,000 primer pairs were designed. We synthesized 420 primer pairs and selected 52 ones with high polymorphisms to estimate genetic diversity and population structure in 24 B. catharticus accessions worldwide. Despite low diversity indicated by an average genetic distance of 0.364, the accessions from South America and Asia and wild accessions showed higher genetic diversity. Moreover, South American accessions showed a pure ancestry, while Asian accessions demonstrated mixed internal relationships, which indicated a different probability of gene flow. Phylogenetic analysis clustered the studied accessions into four clades, being consistent with phenotypic clustering results. Finally, Mantel analysis suggested the total phenotypic variation was mostly contributed by genetic component. Stem diameter, plant height, leaf width, and biomass yield were significantly correlated with genetic data (r > 0.6, P < 0.001), and might be used in the future selection and breeding. Conclusion A genomic resource was generated that could benefit genetic and taxonomic studies, as well as molecular breeding for B. catharticus and its relatives in the future.

Download Full-text

A Novel and Efficient High-Yield Method for Preparing Bacterial Ghosts

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins13060420 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 420

Author(s):

Yi Ma ◽

Liu Cui ◽

Meng Wang ◽

Qiuli Sun ◽

Kaisheng Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Expression System ◽

High Yield ◽

Wild Type ◽

High Quality ◽

Efficient Protection ◽

Bacterial Ghosts ◽

Cell Envelopes ◽

Extracellular Structures ◽

First Time

Bacterial ghosts (BGs) are empty cell envelopes possessing native extracellular structures without a cytoplasm and genetic materials. BGs are proposed to have significant prospects in biomedical research as vaccines or delivery carriers. The applications of BGs are often limited by inefficient bacterial lysis and a low yield. To solve these problems, we compared the lysis efficiency of the wild-type protein E (EW) from phage ΦX174 and the screened mutant protein E (EM) in the Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) strain. The results show that the lysis efficiency mediated by protein EM was improved. The implementation of the pLysS plasmid allowed nearly 100% lysis efficiency, with a high initial cell density as high as OD600 = 2.0, which was higher compared to the commonly used BG preparation method. The results of Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence indicate that the expression level of protein EM was significantly higher than that of the non-pLysS plasmid. High-quality BGs were observed by SEM and TEM. To verify the applicability of this method in other bacteria, the T7 RNA polymerase expression system was successfully constructed in Salmonella enterica (S. Enterica, SE). A pET vector containing EM and pLysS were introduced to obtain high-quality SE ghosts which could provide efficient protection for humans and animals. This paper describes a novel and commonly used method to produce high-quality BGs on a large scale for the first time.

Download Full-text