Reinforcement of Epoxy Resin by Lignin

2021 ◽  
Vol 1033 ◽  
pp. 151-155
Author(s):  
Supicha Piyanirund ◽  
Wichudaporn Seangyen ◽  
Penjit Srinoppakhun ◽  
Peerapan Dittanet
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Filler Content ◽  
Diglycidyl Ether ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Chain Mobility ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Epoxy Systems

Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy resin with cycloaliphatic polyamine curing agent was modified with lignin to improve thermal and mechanical properties of of polymer composite. A systematic study of lignin loading, between 5 and 20 phr (per hundred parts resin) as compared to neat epoxy, was conducted for the reinforcement effect of epoxy resin composites. With the as-received lignin having spherical particles of 80 to 100 microns in diameter, the Tg of the epoxy-filler composites increased with a small addition of lignin up to 10 phr. Likewise, the yield stress and stiffness (Young’s modulus) of the epoxy resin-lignin composites significantly increased to a maximum value of 49.32 MPa and 2.75 GPa, respectively, with 10 phr lignin, due to the higher modulus of the filler compared to the bulk epoxy resin. Correspondingly, the storage moduli of the lignin-containing composites also increased upon filler addition up to 10 phr due to the impact of lignin. Conversely, however, the tanδ decreased in intensity with increasing lignin filler content, which reflects the dampening effect due to restricted chain mobility in thepresence of lignin particlesin epoxy systems.

scholarly journals PPG-Terminated Tetra-Carbamates as the Toughening Additive for Bis-A Epoxy Resin

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1522
Author(s):  
Ming Zhang ◽  
Mingqing Chen ◽  
Zhongbin Ni
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Epoxy Matrix ◽  
Microphase Separation ◽  
Intramolecular Interactions ◽  
Hexamethylene Diisocyanate ◽  
Separation Mechanism ◽  
Toughening Mechanism ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Modified Epoxy ◽  
Epoxy Systems

We synthesized PPG-terminated tetra-carbamates as a new toughening additive for epoxy thermosets through facile addition reaction of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) with poly(tetra-methylene glycols) (PTMG) and poly(propylene glycols) (PPG). The effects of prepared tetra-carbamates on the rheological behavior of neat epoxy resin were studied along with the various cured properties of their modified epoxy systems. Four carbamate groups (–NHCOO–) endow the prepared additives not only with good intramolecular interactions, but also with optimal intermolecular interactions with epoxy polymers. This results in the suitable miscibility of the additives with the epoxy matrix for the formation of the typical biphasic structure of microparticles dispersed in the epoxy matrix via polymerization-induced microphase separation. The impact strength and critical stress concentration factor (KIC) of cured modified epoxy systems with the additives are significantly higher than those of unmodified epoxy systems, without sacrificing the processability (Tg) and flexural strength. The toughening mechanism is understood as a synergism combination among the phase separation mechanism, the in situ homogeneous toughening mechanism, and the particle cavitation mechanism.

scholarly journals Toughening of Bisphenol-A Diglycidyl Ether-based Epoxy by Modification with Hydroxyl-terminated Liquid Natural Rubber

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1&2) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
H. L. Pham ◽  
B. T. Do ◽  
T. S. Pham ◽  
D. G. Le
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Fenton Reaction ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Diglycidyl Ether ◽  
Toluene Diisocyanate ◽  
Scanning Electronic Microscopy ◽  
Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ether ◽  
Liquid Natural Rubber ◽  
The Impact

Hydroxyl-terminated liquid natural rubbers (HTNRs), prepared by the Photo-Fenton reaction, were used to modify bisphenol-A diglycidyl ether-based epoxy (DGEBA). A chemical link between HTNRs and the epoxy resin was promoted employing toluene diisocyanate. The reactions between elastomers and epoxy resin were followed by FTIR. The mechanical properties of the composites were evaluated and the microstructure was investigated using scanning electronic microscopy. The results showed that the impact resistance of HTNR-modified DGEBA was superior to that of the pure epoxy resin. For the composites with HTNR, the impact resistance increased with elastomer concentration up to 2.5 parts per hundred parts of resin. Higher concentration of HTNR resulted in larger particles which gave lower impact values.

scholarly journals New Eco-Friendly Synthesized Thermosets from Isoeugenol-Based Epoxy Resins

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin Ruiz ◽  
Sylvie Pourchet ◽  
Vincent Placet ◽  
Laurent Plasseraud ◽  
Gilles Boni
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Storage Modulus ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Diglycidyl Ether ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Optimum Ratio ◽  
Structural Composites ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Elemental Analyses ◽  
Dsc Analyses

Epoxy resin plays a key role in composite matrices and DGEBA is the major precursor used. With the aim of favouring the use of bio resources, epoxy resins can be prepared from lignin. In particular, diglycidyl ether of isoeugenol derivatives are good candidates for the replacement of DGEBA. This article presents an effective and eco-friendly way to prepare epoxy resin derived from isoeugenol (BioIgenox), making its upscale possible. BioIgenox has been totally characterized by NMR, FTIR, MS and elemental analyses. Curing of BioIgenox and camphoric anhydride with varying epoxide function/anhydride molar ratios has allowed determining an optimum ratio near 1/0.9 based on DMA and DSC analyses and swelling behaviours. This thermoset exhibits a Tg measured by DMA of 165 °C, a tensile storage modulus at 40 °C of 2.2 GPa and mean 3-point bending stiffness, strength and strain at failure of 3.2 GPa, 120 MPa and 6.6%, respectively. Transposed to BioIgenox/hexahydrophtalic anhydride, this optimized formulation gives a thermoset with a Tg determined by DMA of 140 °C and a storage modulus at 40 °C of 2.6 GPa. The thermal and mechanical properties of these two thermosets are consistent with their use as matrices for structural or semi-structural composites.

Effect of Filler Materials on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Epoxy Resin

2014 ◽  
Vol 592-594 ◽  
pp. 206-210
Author(s):  
S. Siva Sankari ◽  
N. Murugan ◽  
S. Sivaraj
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Filler Material ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Pure Matrix

In this present work the influence of Cenosphere filler material in thermal and mechanical properties of Epoxy resin is discussed. For comparative study, pure resin and composites made with different compositions (1, 3 and 5 wt% of Cenosphere) were prepared. The specimens were submitted to thermal analysis (DMA) and mechanical test (Tensile and Flexural) as well. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) revealed an enhancement in the energy dissipation ability of the composite with 1wt%, wt3%, wt5% of Cenosphere and an increase in stiffness relative to the pure matrix phase. It was generally observed that the tensile strength found to increase with the inclusion of Cenosphere as filler material. Maximum value of tensile stress and strain of resin is not sensitively increased by filler material.

Study on Microstructure and Impact Strength of Nano-SiO2 Toughened Epoxy Resin Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 465-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nai Kui Gao ◽  
Pu Dong ◽  
Xin Yu ◽  
Xin Fang ◽  
Chao Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Resin Composites ◽  
Dispersion Method ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Agent Treatment

In this paper, composites with different contents of epoxy resin/nano-SiO2were fabricated, the influence of compounding process on nano-SiO2dispersion was studied, the microstructure and the relationship between impact strength and nano-SiO2content were investigated. The results showed that the distribution of nano-SiO2particles in the composites could be improved efficiently using high-speed shearing dispersion method. To composites with or without the coupling agent treatment, the impact strength grew with increasing nano-SiO2content, and increase to a maximum value when nano-SiO2content was 3wt.%. The maximum value was 75.4%, and 45.5% higher than that of monolithic epoxy resin respectively. With the nano-SiO2 content increased continually, the impact strength of composite materials decreased. The coupling agent treatment of nano-SiO2administered to improve the impact strength of the composites.

scholarly journals Land Subsidence Estimation for Aquifer Drainage Induced by Underground Mining

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4658
Author(s):  
Artur Guzy ◽  
Wojciech T. Witkowski
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Method Model ◽  
Impact Of Mining

Land subsidence caused by groundwater withdrawal induced by mining is a relatively unknown phenomenon. This is primarily due to the small scale of such movements compared to the land subsidence caused by deposit extraction. Nonetheless, the environmental impact of drainage-related land subsidence remains underestimated. The research was carried out in the “Bogdanka” coal mine in Poland. First, the historical impact of mining on land subsidence and groundwater head changes was investigated. The outcomes of these studies were used to construct the influence method model. With field data, our model was successfully calibrated and validated. Finally, it was used for land subsidence estimation for 2030. As per the findings, the field of mining exploitation has the greatest land subsidence. In 2014, the maximum value of the phenomenon was 0.313 cm. However, this value will reach 0.364 m by 2030. The spatial extent of land subsidence caused by mining-induced drainage extends up to 20 km beyond the mining area’s boundaries. The presented model provided land subsidence patterns without the need for a complex numerical subsidence model. As a result, the method presented can be effectively used for land subsidence regulation plans considering the impact of mining on the aquifer system.

scholarly journals Studies on the Modification of Commercial Bisphenol-A-Based Epoxy Resin Using Different Multifunctional Epoxy Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-430
Author(s):  
Ankur Bajpai ◽  
James R. Davidson ◽  
Colin Robert
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Tensile Fracture ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Amino Phenol ◽  
Epoxy Systems

The tensile fracture mechanics and thermo-mechanical properties of mixtures composed of two kinds of epoxy resins of different chemical structures and functional groups were studied. The base resin was a bi-functional epoxy resin based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) and the other resins were (a) distilled triglycidylether of meta-amino phenol (b) 1, 6–naphthalene di epoxy and (c) fluorene di epoxy. This research shows that a small number of multifunctional epoxy systems, both di- and tri-functional, can significantly increase tensile strength (14%) over neat DGEBA while having no negative impact on other mechanical properties including glass transition temperature and elastic modulus. In fact, when compared to unmodified DGEBA, the tri-functional epoxy shows a slight increase (5%) in glass transition temperature at 10 wt.% concentration. The enhanced crosslinking of DGEBA (90 wt.%)/distilled triglycidylether of meta-amino phenol (10 wt.%) blends may be the possible reason for the improved glass transition. Finally, the influence of strain rate, temperature and moisture were investigated for both the neat DGEBA and the best performing modified system. The neat DGEBA was steadily outperformed by its modified counterpart in every condition.

scholarly journals Morphological, thermal and mechanical properties of recycled HDPE foams via rotational molding

2021 ◽  
pp. 0021955X2110137
Author(s):  
Yao Dou ◽  
Denis Rodrigue
Keyword(s):  
Cell Density ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Characterization ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rotational Molding ◽  
Average Cell Size ◽  
Average Cell ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Recycled Hdpe

In this study, foamed recycled high density polyethylene (rHDPE) parts were produced by rotational molding using different concentration (0 to 1% wt.) of a chemical blowing agent (CBA) based on azodicarbonamide. From the samples produced, a complete morphological, thermal and mechanical characterization was performed. The morphological analysis showed a gradual increase in the average cell size, while the cell density firstly increased and then decreased with increasing CBA content. As expected, increasing the CBA content decreased the foam density as well as the thermal conductivity. Although increasing the CBA content decreased both tensile and flexural properties, the impact strength showed a similar trend as the cell density with an optimum CBA content around 0.1% wt. Finally, neat rHDPE samples were also produced by compression molding. The results showed negligible differences between the rotomolded and compression molded properties indicating that optimal rotomolding conditions were selected. These results confirm the possibility of using 100% recycled polymers to produce rotomolded foam parts.

scholarly journals Ethoxylated Butoxyethanol-BADGE Adducts—New Potential Migrants from Epoxy Resin Can Coating Material

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3682
Author(s):  
Monika Beszterda ◽  
Małgorzata Kasperkowiak ◽  
Magdalena Frańska ◽  
Sandra Jęziołowska ◽  
Rafał Frański
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Diglycidyl Ether ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Oxyethylene Unit ◽  
Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ether ◽  
Product Ions

The acetonitrile extracts of can-coating materials have been analyzed by using high-pressure liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MS). On the basis of detected ions [M + H]+, [M + NH4]+, [M + Na]+ and product ions, the ethoxylated butoxyethanol-bisphenol A diglycidyl ether adducts were identified in two of the analyzed extracts. Although the oxyethylene unit-containing compounds are widely used for the production of different kinds of materials, the ethoxylated species have not been earlier detected in epoxy resin can-coatings.

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