Synthesis and Application of Itaconic Acid Water-Coke Slurry Dispersant

Polyethylene glycol (PEG-200) and itaconic acid (IA) were used as raw materials to compound macromer through esterification reaction. A new type of specialized water-coke slurry dispersant was synthesized by copolymerization of microware, sodium methallyl sulfonate (SMAS) and maleic anhydride (MA). The experiment showed that the concentration of slurry could be reached to 63% with the dosage of 0.2%, and the apparent viscosity was 1140.3 mPa∙s. Through the analysis of the infrared, the dispersant was confirmed to have polyethylene glycol branched chain and hydrophilic functional groups such as carboxyl or sulfonic group. When the concentration of dispersant was 30 g/L, the surface tension of water could be decreased from 72.70 mN/m to 45.50 mN/m. Furthermore, when the solution pH value was 9, the Zeta potential of semi-coke powder surface could also be decreased from-13.38 mV to-25 mV with the addition of dispersant. Thus, this dispersant could increase electronegativity of semi-coke powder surface, enhance steric-hindrance effect and prevent the phenomenon of powder flocculation and gather. Meantime, it also could reinforce the semi-coke hydrophilic by reducing the surface tension of water effectively. And then, the high performance water-coke slurry could be obtained.

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Effect of pH Value on Preparation of La2CuO4 Microcrystallites Synthesized by Sol-Gel Process

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.512-515.231 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 512-515 ◽

pp. 231-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yi Feng Li ◽

Jian Feng Huang ◽

Li Yun Cao ◽

Jian Peng Wu

Keyword(s):

Optical Band Gap ◽

Ph Value ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Complexing Agent ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Crystallization Property ◽

Water As Solvent ◽

Sol Gel Process ◽

Single Sphere

La2CuO4 crystallites were prepared via a sol-gel process using lanthanum nitrate and cupric nitrate as raw materials, distilled water as solvent, citric acid as complexing agent and ammonia to control the pH value. The as-prepared La2CuO4 crystallites were characterized by XRD, FESEM, TEM and UV-Vis spectra. Results show that the crystallization property of La2CuO4 crystallites increases firstly and then decreases with increasing of the solution pH value from 1.0 to 2.5, but all of the samples exhibit single sphere-like morphology. It is found that when the solution pH value is controlled at 2.0, the grains display uniform distribution and the size ranges from 100nm to120nm after sintering at 600°C for 2 hours. The optical band gap of the as-prepared La2CuO4 crystallites is calculated to be 1.38eV.

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Study of Pb2+, Cd2+ and Ni2+adsorption onto activated carbons prepared from glycyrrhiza residue by KOH or H3PO4 activation

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2015.230 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 72 (3) ◽

pp. 451-462 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Chunfang Ma ◽

Wei Fan ◽

Jinbao Zhang ◽

Yang Shi ◽

Ningchuan Feng

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbons ◽

Ph Value ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Kinetic Studies ◽

Physical Structure ◽

Micropore Volume ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Analytical Instruments ◽

H3po4 Activation

The activated carbons (ACs) were prepared from glycyrrhiza residue by KOH or H3PO4 activation and were used for removing Pb2+, Cd2+ and Ni2+ from simulated wastewater. The changes of the physical structure and chemical properties of the glycyrrhiza residue before and after activation were characterized by using a variety of analytical instruments and methods. Kinetics and equilibrium isotherms were obtained and the effects of solution pH value and adsorbent dosage were studied in batch experiments. The results indicated that after activation, the surface structure of glycyrrhiza residue changes and surface area, micropore volume also increase accordingly. Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption followed a pseudo-second-order reaction. The Freundlich model fitted the equilibrium data better than the Langmuir isotherm. According to the Langmuir equation, the maximum adsorption capacities of ACs prepared from glycyrrhiza residue by KOH and H3PO4 activation for Pb2+, Cd2+ and Ni2+ are 2.170 mmol/g, 2.617 mmol/g, 3.741 mmol/g and 2.654 mmol/g, 3.095 mmol/g, 3.076 mmol/g, respectively, which are much higher than ACs prepared from other raw materials.

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Degradation of Phenol by Photocatalysis Using TiO2/Montmorillonite Composites Under UV Light

10.21203/rs.3.rs-848926/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Huijuan Li ◽

Yeting Yao ◽

Xiaoyan Yang ◽

Xusheng Zhou ◽

Ran Lei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Ph Value ◽

Uv Light ◽

Irradiation Time ◽

Phenol Degradation ◽

Influential Factors ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Average Size

Abstract Composites of Titanium (IV) oxide combined with montmorillonite (MMT) with various TiO2/MMT were prepared for photocatalysis application. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diﬀraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and diﬀuse reﬂectance UV–visible spectroscopy. The main influential factors such as the TiO2/MMT dose, calcined temperature and pH value of the solution were studied. The main intermediates of phenol degradation were determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the average size of TiO2 nanoparticles was decreased from 22.51 nm to 10.66 nm through the immobilization on MMT. The components in the interlayer domain were replaced by titanium pillars, and the pillaring reaction proceeded in the interlayer domain, and the basic skeleton of MMT was unchanged, and also TiO2 was dispersed on the surface of the MMT. When the initial concentration of phenol is 10 mg/L, the phenol solution pH is 6 and the UV light irradiation time is 240 min, the phenol degradation rate of 30%TiO2/MMT composite is 89.8%, which is better than MMT (11.5%) and pure TiO2 (58.8%). It shows that TiO2 loaded on MMT improves its photocatalytic activity. The phenol reaction process detected by HPLC showed that it had undergone through hydroquinone and benzoquinone, and finally converted into maleic acid and carbon dioxide and small molecules. The possible photocatalysis mechanism is presented.

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Performance of Fluorescence and Diffuse Reflectance Hyperspectral Imaging for Characterization of Lutefisk: A Traditional Norwegian Fish Dish

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25051191 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 1191 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Abdo Hassoun ◽

Karsten Heia ◽

Stein-Kato Lindberg ◽

Heidi Nilsen

Keyword(s):

Hyperspectral Imaging ◽

High Performance ◽

Diffuse Reflectance ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽

Ph Value ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Spectroscopic Techniques

Lutefisk is a traditional Norwegian fish dish made from dried fish, such as cod or other whitefish. In Norway and other Nordic countries, lutefisk is considered among the most popular dishes served during Christmas or other festive occasions. However, to date, little attention has been paid to this product, and available research on the quality, processing, and chemistry of lutefisk is still limited. The quality of this very delicate product, with a high pH value, depends on many factors, such as the initial quality of raw materials (stockfish), the quantity of lye used during the preparation process of lutefisk, and time during soaking in the lye and water, among others, making it challenging to both optimize processing and monitor the quality of lutefisk. In this study, four commercially available lutefisk brands (labelled as A, B, C, and D) were characterized using two online spectroscopic techniques, namely fluorescence and diffuse reflectance hyperspectral imaging, implemented on conveyor belts to mimic industrial applications. The samples were also analyzed by the use of an offline laboratory instrument based on visible/near infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Three traditional measurements, including texture, water content, and pH, were also conducted on the same samples. Supervised classification PLS-DA models were built with each dataset and relationships between the spectroscopic measurements and the traditional data were investigated using canonical correlations. The spectroscopic methods, especially fluorescence spectroscopy, demonstrated high performance for the discrimination between samples of the different brands, with high correlations between the spectral and traditional measurements. Although more validations of the results of this study are still required, these preliminary findings suggest that the destructive, laborious, and time-consuming traditional techniques can be replaced by rapid and nondestructive online measurements based on hyperspectral imaging used in fluorescence or diffuse reflectance mode.

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Influence of Solution pH Value on the Preparation of SrTiO3 Thin Films through Self-Assembly of Liquid Precursor Reaction

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.105-106.470 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 105-106 ◽

pp. 470-473

Author(s):

Lei Cheng ◽

Guo Qiang Tan ◽

Hong Yan Miao ◽

Yan Wang

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Self Assembly ◽

Ph Value ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Annealing Treatment ◽

Precursor Solution ◽

Phase Reaction ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Liquid Precursor ◽

Assembly Method

The experimental makes use of the liquid-phase reaction of self-assembly method, we immerse the functional glass substrates into the precursor solution to prepare SrTiO3 films, which makes (NH4)2TiF6, Sr(NO3)2, H3BO4 as raw materials, then study the growth status of SrTiO3 thin films under different pH values of precursor solution, the morphology and the phase of the films are characterized by OMS, XRD and SEM, it is shown that when the pH value of the precursor solution under 2.0, the SrTiO3 films are unable to grow, when the pH value above 3.0, a white emulsion liquid precursor solution occurred, as a result, SrTiO3 films deposition can’t be achieved. And when the pH value between 2.0 and 3.0(contain both), with the pH value increasing the deposition time of the SrTiO3 films decreases. After annealing treatment at 600°C, we can have a conclusion that under these conditions the phase of the films are pure SrTiO3 films, the surface is smooth and the grains grow uniformly.

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DIP quality influenced by process water quality

TAPPI Journal ◽

10.32964/tj13.9.51 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 51-60

Author(s):

DENNIS VOSS ◽

HANS-JOACHIM PUTZ ◽

SAMUEL SCHABEL

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Surface Tension ◽

Ph Value ◽

Water Hardness ◽

Process Water ◽

Test Results ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Water Parameters ◽

Effects Of Ph ◽

Contamination Levels

The need for deinking mills to reduce their fresh water consumption has resulted in higher loads of various contaminants in the process water. Lower recovered paper quality also leads to higher contamination levels in the mills. This higher load has an influence on achievable target brightness. The objective of the work was to determine and explain the main reasons for relatively poor deinked pulp quality or poor deinking potential based on the influence of recovered paper composition and process water quality. The process water parameters significantly affect the deinking potential of recovered paper. The test results showed the negative effects of increased water hardness. For standard recovered paper mixtures, flotation selectivity is higher with increasing flotation pH-value. Good results were realized for standard recovered paper with low hardness, low surface tension, and high pH-value. The results for recovered paper containing flexo newsprint could be slightly improved with low hardness, low surface tension, and low pH-value. The results of the test program using design of experiments showed interacting effects of pH-value and surface tension on luminosity and flotation selectivity.

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PENGEMBANGAN MINUMAN BERBASIS TEH DAN REMPAH SEBAGAI MINUMAN FUNGSIONAL

Jurnal Industri Kreatif dan Kewirausahaan ◽

10.36441/kewirausahaan.v1i2.129 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Siti Chairiyah Batubara ◽

Nindia Arum Pratiwi

Keyword(s):

Ph Value ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Mixture Design ◽

Total Sugar ◽

Brown Sugar ◽

Physical Test ◽

Chemical Test ◽

Carbohydrate Level ◽

Optimum Formula ◽

Functional Drink

Teh dan rempah memiliki kandungan antioksidan yang berguna untuk kesehatan. Tujuan dari pembelajaran ini adalah untuk mendapatkan formula minuman fungsional teh dan rempah terbaik. Penelitian ini menggunakan mixture design untuk menentukan formula optimum minuman fungsional terbaik yang terdiri dari gula merah, bubuk kayu manis dan bubuk kapulaga. Berdasarkan input batas atas dan batas bawah dari bahan baku sehingga didapatkan 16 formulasi yang akan diteliti. Untuk batas atas gula merah yaitu 40 dan batas bawah gula merah yaitu 35. Untuk batas atas bubuk kayu manis yaitu 15 dan batas bawah kayu manis yaitu 10. Untuk batas atas bubuk kapulaga yaitu 50 dan batas bawah bubuk kapulaga yaitu 45. Untuk menentukan kualitas minuman fungsional dilakukan uji kimia (uji karbohidrat, gula total dan nilai pH, uji fisik (Uji viskositas), uji organoleptik (uji hedonik untuk warna, aroma, rasa dan kekentalan) dan mutu hedonik yang ditentukan dari kesukaan panelis terhadap warna, aroma, rasa dan kekentalan) dan uji antioksidan. Penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan formula optimum yang terbaik dari hasil pengacakan oleh mixture design. Hasil dari pengolahan mixture design adalah anova, grafik dan duncan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian formula minuman fungsional yang masih dapat diterima adalah formulasi 11 yang terdiri dari 40% gula merah, 12.67% bubuk kayu manis dan 47.32% bubuk kapulaga. Formula 11 mengandung 0.39% karbohidrat, 15.46% gula total, 5.38% pH 4.98% viskositas dan 255.41 mg antoksidanSpice tea have antioxidants compounds that are beneficial for health. The purpose of this study was to get the best spice tea formulation as a functional drink. This research used a mixture design to obtain the best optimum formula functional drink that composed by brown sugar, cinnamon powder and cardamom powder. Based on input the upper and lower limits of raw materials then get 16 formulations will be researched. The upper limit of brown sugar, cinnamon powder and cardamom powder is 40, 15 and 50. The lower limit of brown sugar, cinnamon powder and cardamom powder is 35, 10 and 45. The functional drink quality determined by chemical test (carbohydrate level, total sugar and pH value), physical test (viscosity level), organoleptic test and antioxidan level. Data was processed statistically using Design Expert application with one-way analysis (one way ANOVA) at 95% confidence level. Duncan`s follow-up was carried out to find out the differences between treatments if ANOVA had a significant effect. Based on the results of the research, formulation functional drink are still aceptable is formulation 11 of 40% brown sugar, 12.67% cinnamon powder and 47.32% cardamom powder. Formulation 11 contained carbohydrate level 0.39%, total sugar 15.46% and pH value 5.38%, viscosity level 4.98%, and antioxidan level 255.41 mg

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Revealing changes in curcumin bioavailability using vitamin C as an enhancer by HPLC-MS/MS

Current Pharmaceutical Analysis ◽

10.2174/1573412916666191220150039 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Xufen Dai ◽

Jiaxue Hao ◽

Ying Feng ◽

Jing Wang ◽

Qiannan Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin C ◽

High Performance ◽

Internal Standard ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Rat Plasma ◽

Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Esi Ms ◽

Simple Strategy ◽

Isolated Compound

Background: Curcumin (CUR), a natural isolated compound from turmeric, has been the promising star in fighting many diseases but the broad application of curcumin has been limited ascribed to low bioavailability. Objective: The aim of this study is to pursue the enhancement of curcumin bioavailability through co-administration of vitamin C. Methods: Such purpose was achieved through the analysis of curcumin pharmacokinetics by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization - tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC - ESI - MS/MS). The plasma was separated on a C18 reverse phase column using acetonitrile and ammonium formate solution (pH 6.5; 2.0 mM) at 0.8 mL/min. MS/MS detection was carried out in negative mode using mass patterns of m/z 367.0 > 216.7 for curcumin and m/z 265.2 > 223.9 for internal standard (honokiol). Results: Successful application of the proposed method in the pharmacokinetic study presented clear changes in key pharmacokinetic parameters including the growth of AUC (0-t) up to 2.4 times, 2.2-fold increase of Cmax, 2.2-fold loss of CL, and 1.5-fold diminishment of t1/2. Conclusion: We developed an HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method for determination of curcumin in rat plasma and validated the improvement of bioavailability of curcumin through co-administration of vitamin C. We reasoned these changes to the inhibition of lipid peroxidation induced by the use of vitamin C. Such a simple strategy is possible to become an alternative for enhancing curcumin efficiency in practice.

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Incorporation of Poly(Itaconic Acid) with Quaternized Thiazole Groups on Gelatin-Based Films for Antimicrobial-Active Food Packaging

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13020200 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 200

Author(s):

Celeste Cottet ◽

Andrés G. Salvay ◽

Mercedes A. Peltzer ◽

Marta Fernández-García

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Itaconic Acid ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Crosslinking Agent ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽

Esterification Reaction ◽

Alkylation Reaction ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Active Food Packaging

Poly(itaconic acid) (PIA) was synthesized via conventional radical polymerization. Then, functionalization of PIA was carried out by an esterification reaction with the heterocyclic groups of 1,3-thiazole and posterior quaternization by N-alkylation reaction with iodomethane. The modifications were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), as well as ζ-potential measurements. Their antimicrobial activity was tested against different Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. After characterization, the resulting polymers were incorporated into gelatin with oxidized starch and glycerol as film adjuvants, and dopamine as crosslinking agent, to develop antimicrobial-active films. The addition of quaternized polymers not only improved the mechanical properties of gelatin formulations, but also decreased the solution absorption capacity during the swelling process. However, the incorporation of synthesized polymers increased the deformation at break values and the water vapor permeability of films. The antioxidant capacity of films was confirmed by radical scavenging ability and, additionally, those films exhibited antimicrobial activity. Therefore, these films can be considered as good candidates for active packaging, ensuring a constant concentration of the active compound on the surface of the food, increasing products’ shelf-life and reducing the environmental impact generated by plastics of petrochemical origin.

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Development and application of a spectrophotometric method in quality evaluation of benzimidazole anthelminthics in Nairobi city county

Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1186/s43094-020-00103-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Johnson K. Murage ◽

Beatrice K. Amugune ◽

Peter Njogu ◽

Stanley Ndwigah

Keyword(s):

Spectrophotometric Method ◽

High Performance ◽

Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽

Developing Economies ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Prolonged Treatment ◽

Good Precision ◽

Market Surveillance

Abstract Background Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a group of communicable diseases which are prevalent in the tropics affecting more than one billion people. Treatment and prevention of these infections is very costly to developing economies. Helminthiases are classified among NTDs. The communities afflicted are poor and have limited access to essential resources for their livelihood. Poor-quality drugs for NTDs may lead to death or prolonged treatment without achieving the desired results. The limited resources used in purchasing poor-quality drugs will therefore be wasted instead of being put to good use. Most of the methods available for the analysis of benzimidazole anthelminthics utilize high-performance liquid chromatography. They are therefore time consuming, require sophisticated and expensive equipment, utilize rare and expensive reagents and solvents, and call for skilled personnel. A simple, rapid, and inexpensive ultraviolet spectrophotometric method of analysis would therefore come in handy especially in the analysis of many samples as occurs during post-authorization market surveillance for quality. Results The suitable solvent for the spectroscopic analysis was established as 0.1 M methanolic HCl. The wavelength of analysis was set at 294 nm. Upon validation, the method was found to have good linearity. The range over which linearity was established was way beyond the 80 to 120% of the working concentration specified by the ICH. The method exhibited good precision. Out of 32 commercial samples analyzed, five (15.6%) did not comply with compendial specifications. Intra-brand batch variation was also observed. Out of three batches of product A002T analyzed, one did not comply with compendial specifications. Conclusion A major limitation in the analysis of benzimidazole anthelminthics is the lack of reliable, simple, rapid, and low-cost methods of analysis with high throughput. The developed method serves to fill this gap. It can be used in the analysis of raw materials and finished products. It can also be used in the establishment of the quality of products prior to registration. The method will prove very useful in post-market surveillance of quality of benzimidazole anthelminthics.

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