Properties of Sago Starch-Based Biopolymers with Clay, Cellulose, Zinc Oxide and Chitosan Fillers

2018 ◽  
Vol 917 ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahruddin ◽  
Zwilla Oktoriana Hendri ◽  
Anugerah Rifaldi ◽  
Annur Fauzi Syaputra ◽  
Ummy Aisyah Rochaeni
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Filler Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sago Starch ◽  
Glycerol Content ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Sem Micrograph ◽  
High Starch ◽  
Chitosan Biopolymer

Sago (Metroxylon spp) is one of plant that contains high starch, so it has potential to be utilized as raw material for biopolymer production. This study aims to compare the properties and morphology of sago starch-based biopolymers reinforced by different filler types, including clay, cellulose, zinc oxide and chitosan. Biopolymer sample was prepared at 75 °C with ratio of water to the starch of 10 ml/gr, glycerol content of 0.1 ml/gr of the starch and filler content 6% w/w. The testing included tensile, water uptake and biodegradability properties according to ASTM D882, ASTM D570 and DIN EN ISO 846 standards, respectively. Other testing also conducted for morphology by using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that biopolymer with chitosan filler has better tensile, water uptake and biodegrability properties compared to other filler type, with tensile stregth of 11 MPa, elongation at break of 9%, water uptake of 10% and biodegrability of 40%. The SEM micrograph shows that the filler still has an agglomerated portion in the starch matrix. Increasing the biopolymer properties is still possible by improving the morphology.

scholarly journals Preparasi Dan Karakterisasi Edible Film Dari Poliblend Pati Sukun-Kitosan

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wini Setiani ◽  
Tety Sudiarti ◽  
Lena Rahmidar
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Edible Film ◽  
High Starch Content ◽  
High Starch ◽  
Grey Colour

Abstrak   Plastik biodegradable dan terbuat dari bahan terbarukan seperti edible film merupakan salah satu solusi permasalahan lingkungan. Bahan baku utamanya yaitu pati, karena keberadaannya melimpah serta beragam di Indonesia, salah satunya pati sukun yang memiliki kandungan pati cukup tinggi (60 %). Namun edible film berbahan dasar pati saja memberikan sifat mekanik dan ketahanan air yang masih rendah. Pada penelitian ini akan dipreparasi edible film dari poliblend pati sukun-kitosan dengan plasticizer sorbitol. Metode yang dilakukan yaitu preparasi dan karakterisasi pati sukun kemudian preparasi dan karakterisasi edible film. Hasil karakterisasi pati sukun yang diperoleh yaitu kadar pati total 76,39 %, kadar amilosa dan amilopektin berturut-turut 26,76 % dan 73,24 %, suhu gelatinisasi pati sukun 73,98 ºC, kadar air 22,38 % serta derajat kecerahan yang menunjukkan karakteristik cerah dan berwarna abu-abu pucat. Hasil karakterisasi edible film menunjukkan, dengan bertambahnya kitosan maka kuat tarik dan ketahanan air cenderung meningkat. Secara umum hasil terbaik edible film adalah pada formulasi pati sukun-kitosan 6:4 dengan nilai water uptake sebesar 212,98 %, nilai kuat tarik sebesar 16,34 MPa, nilai elongasi sebesar 6,00 % dan modulus young sebesar 2,72 MPa. Meskipun demikian, hasil analisis morfologi edible film pada formulasi pati sukun-kitosan 6:4 masih terdapat pori dan retakan.   Kata kunci : edible film, pati sukun, kitosa.   Abstract   Biodegradable and renewable plastic such as edible film is one of solution the environmental problem. The main raw material is from starch, because of it is abundant and varied in Indonesia, one of them is breadfruit starch which has enough high starch content (60 %). But edible film based on starch give less mechanical properties and less water resistance. In this research the edible film was made from poliblend of breadfruit starch-chitosan with sorbitol addition. The Method was done, preparation and characterization of breadfruit starch then preparation and characterization of edible film. The characteristic result of breadfruit starch was obtained for total starch content 76.39 %, content of amylose and amylopecktin were 26.76 % and 73.24 % respectively, the gelatinitation temperature of breadfruit starch was 73.98 ºC, water content 22,38 % and the degree of brightness showed bright characteristic and pale grey colour. The characteristic result of edible film showed the increasing of chitosan concentration, the tensile strength and water resistance tended to rise. Generally the best result of edible film was on breadfruit starch-chitosan formulation 6:4 g/g by the value of water uptake was 212.98 %, tensile strength was 16.34 MPa, elongation was 6,00 % and modulus young was 2,72 MPa. However, the result of mhorphology analysis showed that the edible film of breadfruit starch-chitosan formulation 6:4 are still pores and cracks.   Keywords : edible film, breadfruit starch, chitosan.

Graphite/Bio-Based Epoxy Composites: The Mechanical Properties Interface

2015 ◽  
Vol 799-800 ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anika Zafiah M. Rus ◽  
Nur Munirah Abdullah ◽  
M.F.L. Abdullah ◽  
M. Izzul Faiz Idris
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Filler Content ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Graphite Content ◽  
Dispersion Condition ◽  
Strong Interfacial Bonding

Graphite reinforced bio-based epoxy composites with different particulate fractions of graphite were investigated for mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elastic modulus and elongation at break. The graphite content was varied from 5 wt.%, 10 wt.%, 15 wt.%, 20 wt.%, 25 wt.%, 30 wt.% by weight percent in the composites. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the composites mainly depend on dispersion condition of the treated graphite filler, aggregate structure and strong interfacial bonding between treated graphite in the bio-based epoxy matrix. The composites showed improved tensile strength and elastic modulus with increase treated graphite weight loading. This also revealed the composites with increasing filler content was decreasing the elongation at break.

Investigation of thermal, rheological and mechanical properties of interfacially modified PP/mica composites

e-Polymers ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Ali Khonakdar ◽  
Jalil Morshedian ◽  
Hamid Yazdani
Keyword(s):  
Silane Coupling Agent ◽  
Filler Content ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Rheological Characteristics ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Maleated Polypropylene ◽  
Silane Coupling ◽  
Internal Mixer ◽  
Interfacial Modifier

AbstractComposites of polypropylene (PP) with mica powder were produced by melt mixing in an internal mixer. In this research work, the effect of the interfacial modifiers such as maleated polypropylene (MAPP) and silane coupling agent, that encapsulated the mica (treated mica), on the mechanical, thermal and rheological characteristics of mica-filled PP have been investigated. In the literature, it can be seen that increasing mica powder leads to reduced crystallinity of PP. But our results show that reduction in crystallinity is noticeably lesser when interfacial modifier such as MAPP is used. Also, the results of thermogravimetric analysis test showed that MAPP and treated mica caused improvement of heat resistance of the composites. The degradation shifted to higher temperatures which could be due to adhesion between PP and mica powder. The mica powder when added to PP increased the viscosity considerably. However treated mica/PP composite in molten state had noticeably less viscosity in comparison with that of neat micafilled PP and thus having better moldability. Results of decrease in elongation at break with filler content have been compared with predictions of Nielsen’s model and Mitsuishi equation.

scholarly journals A study to set-up a technological process for purification of Zinc scraps by using liquation method

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Ngoc Vuong Tran ◽  
Manh Hung Luong ◽  
Dinh Dang Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Time Factors ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Fe Content ◽  
Technology Process ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Set Up

Zinc scrap is a source of raw material for zinc oxide production. However, to qualify the requirement of raw material for zinc oxide (99.5%) production, refining this source is needed. Many methods are considered such as rectification, chemical method, etc., but difficult to apply on an industrial scale. This workfocused on the investigation of the influence of temperature and time factors for asessing the possibility of applying liquation method for the purification of impurities from scrap zinc.The experiment results show that the optimum temperature of liquation to remove Pb,Fe from zinc scrap is in the range of 440-450°C, the optimal time of the process is 8h for the pot with 8cm in height and 6cm in diameter (the quantity of raw zinc sample is about 2kg / batch), then we can obtain about 80% of zinc metal with an average Zn content of about 97, 0%, both Pb and Fe content decreased to a range from 0.35 to 0.4%, and 1.0 to 1.1%, respectively, which meet the requirement of raw materials for the production of high quanlity ZnO ( 99,5 %). Based on the parameters obtained on lab-scale, a trial on pilot scale of 250 kg / batch was conducted, The result confirms that the quality of the products meets the requirement of raw materials for production of high quality ZnO (99.5%) and a technology process for refining zinc scrap by the liquation was proposed.

scholarly journals On engineering of properties of wood-polypropylene composite

2006 ◽  
pp. 59-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milanka Djiporovic ◽  
Jovan Miljkovic ◽  
Eva Dingova
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Filler Content ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Polypropylene Composite ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
New Type ◽  
Polypropylene Matrix

New materials based on wood have the advantage in the sense that their properties can be engineered so as to correspond to user demands. The properties which can be engineered are those relating both to their utilisation and machining, in particular - the tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus of elasticity and impact resistance. The research at the Faculty of Forestry and "Hipol" Chemical Industry related to the new type of wood-polypropylene composite. The content of wood filler was varied in the range between 40% and 70% mass contents of beech wood flour. After the highest tensile strength at 50% of filler content was determined, the effect of the wood filler origin was also examined at this content value. Therefore, wood flour of beech, poplar, acetylated pine and the waste MDF was used. The influence of the composition of the wood filler (beech combined with MDF, poplar and acetylated pine) in comparison with pure polypropylene matrix was also examined, as well as the effect of the type of coupling agent. Hopefully, the results obtained in this study might serve as the initial data for production of easily machined high-strength composites.

CARBON AND FUEL FROM RUBBER WASTE

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Gennadi I. Zhuravsky ◽  
Maksim I. Nitievski
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Grade ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Technical Carbon ◽  
Rubber Waste ◽  
Composite Mixture

The results of studies of thermolysis waste in the environment of overheated water vapor are presented. It is shown that as a result of fractionation from liquid waste thermolysis products, gasoline and diesel fuel fractions can be obtained. It is proposed to use a composite mixture of liquid and solid waste thermolysis products as raw materials for high-grade technical carbon. Studies have shown that high-grade technical carbon can be obtained as raw materials using a composite mixture of rubber waste thermolysis products as raw materials. The technological line of obtaining technical carbon from the products of thermolysis of worn tires is described. Analysis of the ash produced by the process of burning the composite mixture shows that it contains compounds of iron, zinc and silicon. Therefore, this ash is of interest as a high-quality raw material for the production of zinc oxide, as one of the main ingredients of rubber mixtures.

scholarly journals The Utilization of Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) as A Mixture of Polyol Sourcein. The Production of Polyurethane Using Toluene Diisocyanate

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-227
Author(s):  
Maulida Lubis ◽  
Mara Bangun Harahap ◽  
Iriany Iriany ◽  
Muhammad Hendra S. Ginting ◽  
Iqbal Navissyah Lazuardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Toluene Diisocyanate ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
A Value ◽  
Stirring Time

Cooking oil waste that has been disposed could contamine the environment. However, if it is processed well, it can potentially become a raw material of polyurethane. The aim of this study was to determine the best polyurethane on the tensile strength, impact strength, elongation at break, water absorption, characterization of Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) and the characterization of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The variables used in this study were ambient process temperature with 440 rpm stirring speed, 1-minute stirring time, the ratio of polyoland WCO was 7:3 (% w/w), and the ratio of Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI) and WCO was 1:1; 1:2; 1:3; 1:4 (% w/w). The results obtained from the analysis of the best tensile strength against the polyurethane synthetic was in the 1:1 ratio of mixed variations between oil and TDI with a value of 0.403 MPa. The best impact strength was in the ratio of mixed variations between oil and TDI with 1:4 (% w/w) with a value of 600.975 J/m2. The best elongation at break against polyurethane foam synthetic was in the 1:3 ratio of mixture variations of oil and TDI with a value of 4.506%.

scholarly journals The investigation of producing bacterial cellulose fibres through hand-spun

2019 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 01052
Author(s):  
Yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cellulose Fibres ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Intermediate States

Nanocellulose fibres can be hand-spun from different intermediate states, such as nanocellulose paper and filter cake, which are made from the BC suspension as well as wet pellicle (WP) and dry pellicle (DP) from BC pellicles. In this study, it can be concluded that increasing the hanging weight can increase the Young’s modulus and the tensile strength of fibres. Nanofibres produced from BC pellicles as raw material have better performance than those made from BC suspension. The best properties obtained from the fibres produced from wet pellicles and suspended to a 100g hanging weight upon drying are Young’s modulus (33.8 GPa), tensile strength (610 MPa) and elongation at break (3.6%).

Bacterial Contamination of Sago Starch in Papua New Guinea

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 2868-2872 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. GREENHILL ◽  
W. A. SHIPTON ◽  
A. D. OMOLOSO ◽  
B. AMOA ◽  
J. M. WARNER
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Sago Starch ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
High Starch ◽  
Storage Methods ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococci

Sago starch is an important food in lowland Papua New Guinea. Extraction of the starch from the palm and storage were performed by way of traditional methods that have been used for thousands of years. Currently, very little is known about the microbiology of sago starch. Sago samples were collected from areas of high starch utilization and analyzed for the presence of bacterial pathogens and indicator organisms. Storage methods and duration were recorded at the time of collection, and pH and water activity on arrival at the laboratory. Sago starch was found to harbor high levels of fecal contamination, as well as various food pathogens including Salmonella, Bacillus cereus, and coagulase-positive staphylococci. Clostridium perfringens was only present infrequently in samples and in very low numbers, while Listeria monocytogenes was not isolated from sago starch. The presence of high levels of fecal contamination in sago starch is of particular concern, and may contribute to diarrheal disease in rural Papua New Guinea.

Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE)/Thermoplastic Sago Starch (TPSS) Blend Filled with Kenaf Core Fiber (KCF)

2012 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 1048-1053
Author(s):  
Norshahida Sarifuddin ◽  
Hanafi Ismail ◽  
Ahmad Zuraida
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Sago Starch ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Kenaf Core ◽  
Blending Method ◽  
Core Fiber ◽  
Hydrocarbon Polymer

Recently, blending of common hydrocarbon polymer with natural based materials has gain much interest towards the development of degradable composite. In this study, a series of low density polyethylene (LDPE)/thermoplastic sago starch (TPSS) blend reinforced with kenaf core fiber (KCF) with starch content ranging from 10 to 40 % were prepared via melt-blending method. For this study, kenaf loading was fixed at 20 % (by weight). The blended samples were characterized by means of tensile test and morphological study. The experimental result shows that there is a gradual decrease in tensile strength, modulus and elongation at break with increase in starch loading. The scanning electron micrograph (SEM) supports the findings of tensile properties.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document