scholarly journals Antibacterial properties of an Indian traditional medicinal plant, Rhynchosia scarabaeoides (L.) DC. (Fabaceae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surekha Challa ◽  
Kiran K. Rajam ◽  
Vishnu V. V. Satyanarayana Kasapu ◽  
Suresh Kumar Tanneeru ◽  
Venkata Siva Satyanarayana Kantamreddi
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

<em>Rhynchosia scarabaeoides </em>(L.) DC plant parts are extensively used by traditional healers in India to treat a variety of bacterial diseases, such as dysentery, diarrohea and skin disorders. This article reports the antibacterial activities of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts belonging to the leaf, stem and root parts of <em>R. scarabaeoides</em> against five bacterial strains, <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>, <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Klebseilla pneumonia</em>, <em>Proteus vulgaris</em> and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, using an agar gel diffusion method. The range of inhibition zone (IZ) was found to be 15-24 mm and the minimum inhibitory activity (MIC) was found to be 1 mL/well. The IZ was found to be higher in ethyl acetate extracts while this was moderate in ethanol extracts, and no activity was seen with n-hexane extracts or root extracts. The MIC value of leaf ethyl acetate extract was found to be 1 mg against bacterial strains <em>P. vulgaris</em> and <em>S. aureus</em>, whereas 2 mg was found against <em>B. subtilis</em>, <em>K. pneumoniae</em> and <em>E. coli</em>. These results support the traditional usage of R. scarabaeoides plant parts in the treatment of bacterial infections. Interestingly, this plant was screened for antibacterial activity for the first time and was found to be active. Detailed chemical investigations are, therefore, warranted.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Potential of Aloe weloensis (Aloeacea) Leaf Latex against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria Strains

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Yohannes Kelifa Emiru ◽  
Ebrahim Abdela Siraj ◽  
Tekleab Teka Teklehaimanot ◽  
Gedefaw Getnet Amare
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative

Objective. To evaluate the antibacterial effects of the leaf latex of Aloe weloensis against infectious bacterial strains. Methods. The leaf latex of A. weloensis at different concentrations (400, 500, and 600 mg/ml) was evaluated for antibacterial activities using the disc diffusion method against some Gram-negative species such as Escherichia coli (ATCC 14700) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 35619) and Gram-positive such as Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 50080) and Enterococcus fecalis (ATCC 4623). Results. The tested concentrations of the latex ranging between 400 and 600 mg·mL−1 showed significant antibacterial activity against bacterial strain. The highest dose (600 mg/ml) of A. weloensis leaf latex revealed the maximum activity (25.93 ± 0.066 inhibition zone) followed by the dose 500 mg/ml against S. aureus. The lowest antibacterial activity was observed by the concentration 400 mg/ml (5.03 ± 0.03) against E. coli. Conclusion. The results of the present investigation suggest that the leaf latex of A. weloensis can be used as potential leads to discover new drugs to control some bacterial infections.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Pomegranate Peel Extracts Obtained by Sequential Extraction Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Missa Mohammed Saleh Abdealsiede ◽  
Ayat Ahmed Alrasheid ◽  
Mei Musa Ali Omar ◽  
Abdalla Ahmed Elbashir
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Punica granatum L. (Pomegranate) is a plant belongs to Lythraceae family. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of  petroleum ether, chloroform , acetone, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts from the peel fruit of Punica granatum against standard microorganism.  This plant has been used as a traditional treatment for several diseases such as microbial infections. Extracts were evaluated for their effectiveness against four bacterial strains including both Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria as well as fungal species (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger) using disc diffusion method. The ethyl acetate, acetone and petroleum ether extracts showed higher antibacterial activity than the chloroform and ethanol extracts with inhibition zone ranged between (7-16 mm). The petroleum ether and chloroform extracts showed the higher antifungal activity compared with the other extracts, the diameter inhibition zone ranged between (11-16 mm). The antioxidant potential of peel extracts was determined on the basis of their scavenging activity of the stable 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical and 2,2'azino-bis(ethyl benzthiazoline -6-sulfonic acid (ABTS+). All extracts showed high antioxidant activity . The highest result of antioxidant activity by DPPH scavenging assay was in acetone extract (89.40%), but high result by ABTS in ethanol extract (72.07%). KEYWORDS: 

scholarly journals Investigation of the Biochemical and Ultrastructural Mechanisms Underlying the Antimicrobial Activity of Mimusops spp. Extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 0452
Author(s):  
Mahmoud S.M. Mohamed ◽  
Gehad Abdelmohsen ◽  
Gouda T. M. Dawoud
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Traditional Medicines

Antibiotic resistance is the major growing threat facing the pharmacological treatment of bacterial infections. Therefore, bioprospecting the medicinal plants could provide potential sources for antimicrobial agents. Mimusops, the biggest and widely distributed plant genus of family Sapotaceae, is used in traditional medicines due to its promising pharmacological activities. This study was conducted to elucidate the antimicrobial effect of three unexplored Mimusops spp. (M. kummel, M. laurifolia and M. zeyheri). Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying such antibacterial activity were studied. The Mimusops leaf extracts revealed significant antibacterial activities against the five tested bacterial strains with a maximum inhibition zone diameter of 22.0 mm against B. subtilis compared with standard antibiotic ciprofloxacin. The minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentration values against tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains ranged from 3.15-12.5 µg/ml. However, weak antifungal effect was recorded against Candida albicans with MIC value ˃25 µg/ml. The 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay showed that M. caffra was the best antioxidant (IC50=14.75±0.028 µg/ml), while M. laurifolia was the least one (IC50=34.22±0.014 µg/ml). The phenolics in plant leaves extracts were identified and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) which revealed the presence of seven phenolic acids and four flavonoids. The abundant phenolic compounds were rutin (5.216±0.067 mg/g dried wt.) and gallic acid (0.296±0.068 mg/g) followed by myricetin (0.317±0.091 mg/g) then kaempferol (0.113±0.049 mg/g) as flavonoids. The antibacterial mechanism of M. laurifolia extract, as a representative species, induces ultrastructural changes in the model bacterium Staphylococcus aureus with cell wall and plasma membrane lysis as revealed by transmission electron microscopy. Overall, Mimusops species (M. laurifolia, M. kummel and M. zeyheri) are promising natural alternative sources for antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals ct-DNA Binding and Antibacterial Activity of Octahedral Titanium (IV) Heteroleptic (Benzoylacetone and Hydroxamic Acids) Complexes

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Raj Kaushal ◽  
Sheetal Thakur ◽  
Kiran Nehra
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Spectroscopic Technique ◽  
Calf Thymus Dna ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Intercalative Mode ◽  
Heteroleptic Complexes ◽  
Calf Thymus ◽  
Ct Dna

Five structurally related titanium (IV) heteroleptic complexes, [TiCl2(bzac)(L1–4)] and [TiCl3(bzac)(HL5)]; bzac = benzoylacetonate; L1–5 = benzohydroximate (L1), salicylhydroximate (L2), acetohydroximate (L3), hydroxyurea (L4), and N-benzoyl-N-phenyl hydroxylamine (L5), were used for the assessment of their antibacterial activities against ten pathogenic bacterial strains. The titanium (IV) complexes (1–5) demonstrated significant level of antibacterial properties as measured using agar well diffusion method. UV-Vis absorption spectroscopic technique was applied, to get a better insight into the nature of binding between titanium (IV) complexes with calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA). On the basis of the results of UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, the interaction between ct-DNA and the titanium (IV) complexes is likely to occur through the same mode. Results indicated that titanium (IV) complex can bind to calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA) via an intercalative mode. The intrinsic binding constant (Kb) was calculated by absorption spectra by using Benesi-Hildebrand equation. Further, Gibbs free energy was also calculated for all the complexes.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activities of Calpurnia aurea against Selected Animal Pathogenic Bacterial Strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Getachew Mulatu
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

The study aimed to determine the phytochemicals and to assess the antibacterial activities of crude extracts of different parts of Calpurnia aurea against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157 H:7, Salmonella typhi, and Campylobacter jejuni. The fresh and healthy leaves, barks, stems, and roots of the plant parts were collected, herbarium, dried, and grounded, and bioactive compounds were extracted by ethanol (99%) and water. Mass of crude extracts was determined by using the Whatman No. 1 filter paper and rotary evaporator. Major secondary metabolites were also screened using phytochemical screening tests. Antibacterial activities (inhibition zones, mm) and minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC) were evaluated using agar-well diffused methods and agar dilution methods, respectively. The antibiotics ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin, penicillin, and tetracycline were used as positive controls at concentrations of 0.1 mg/ml and 0.2 mg/ml, while distilled water was used as the negative control. All the crude extracts were tested triplet (3x) for antibacterial activities against selected bacterial strains with two different concentrations 25 and 50 mg/ml and analyzed to compare the mean ± standard deviation between triplets. The results revealed that ethanol extracts showed high crude mass extracts, antibacterial activities, and major secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, tennis, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and phlobatannins compared with aqueous extracts. Among antibiotics used, penicillin showed resistance to S. aureus and E. coli O157 H:7. C. jejuni was found to be the most susceptible bacterium to ethanol extracts’ leaves, barks, and stems with MIC 3.125 mg/ml, whereas S. aureus was the least susceptible to all crude extracts. The study provided the traditional and scientific basis of Calpurnia aurea used against some bacterial diseases.

scholarly journals In vitro antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extracts obtained from Ficus spp. leaves against the fish pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halyna Tkachenko ◽  
Lyudmyla Buyun ◽  
Elżbieta Terech-Majewska ◽  
Zbigniew Osadowski
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

Abstract The main goal of this study was to determine in vitro antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extracts obtained from the leaves of various Ficus species against Aeromonas hydrophila isolated locally from infected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) with the aim of providing scientific rationale for the use of the plant in the treatment of bacterial infections induced by Aeromonas spp. in fish. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done on Muller-Hinton agar with the disc diffusion method. In the present study, most ethanolic extracts proved effective against the A. hydrophila tested, with 10-12 mm inhibition zones observed. A. hydrophila demonstrated the highest susceptibility to F. pumila. Among various species of Ficus with moderate activity against A. hydrophila, the highest antibacterial activities were noted for F. benghalensis, F. benjamina, F. deltoidea, F. hispida, and F. lyrata. Thus, Ficus can be used as a natural antiseptic and antimicrobial agent in veterinary practice. Further investigations need to be conducted to isolate and identify the bioactive compounds that can then be subjected to detailed pharmacological studies and the development of clinical applications. The alarming rate of increasing resistance in bacterial pathogens in aquaculture environments means that medicinal plants with antibacterial properties are very important as natural resources of new active compounds.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical characterization and antibacterial activity of different types of honey tested on strains isolated from hospitalized patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lia M. Junie ◽  
Mihaela L. Vică ◽  
Mirel Glevitzky ◽  
Horea V. Matei
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Physico Chemical

AbstractThe first aim of the study was to compare the antibacterial activity of several types of honey of different origins, against some bacterial resistant strains. The strains had been isolated from patients. The second aim was to discover the correlations between the antibacterial character of honey and the physico-chemical properties of the honey. Ten honey samples (polyfloral, linden, acacia, manna, and sunflower) from the centre of Romania were tested to determine their antibacterial properties against the following bacterial species: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, and Listeria monocytogenes. Bacterial cultures in nutrient broth and the culture medium Mueller-Hinton agar were used. The susceptibility to antibiotics was performed using the disk diffusion method. All honey samples showed antibacterial activity on the isolated bacterial strains, in particular polyfloral (inhibition zone 13-21 mm in diameter) - because it is the source of several plants, and manna (inhibition zone 13-19.5 mm in diameter), and sunflower (inhibition zone 14-18.5 mm in diameter). Pure honey has a significant antibacterial activity against some bacteria which are resistant to antibiotics. Bacterial strains differed in their sensitivity to honeys. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were the most sensitive. The present study revealed that honey antibacterial activity depends on the origin of the honey. We also found that there was a significant correlation between antibacterial activity of honeys and the colour of the honey but not between acidity and pH. The statistical analysis showed that the honey type influences the antibacterial activity (diameter of the bacterial strains inhibition zones).

scholarly journals Phytochemical analysis of Ardisia silvestris leaf extracts and their antioxidant and antibacterial activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (04) ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
Biet V. Huynh
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Agar Diffusion ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Agar Diffusion Method ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

The phytochemical analysis and antibacterial and antioxidant activity of Ardisia silvestris extracts were carried out. The bioactive compounds of Ardisia silvestris leaves were extracted with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol and water by immersion and microwave method. The DPPH method was used to determine the antioxidant activity of Ardisia silvestris extracts. The antibacterial properties of Ardisia silvestris tested against of Staphylococcu saureus, Samonella sp., and Escherichia coli were determined by using agar diffusion method. The agar diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial effects of both plant extracts on the test organisms. The results showed that Ardisia silvestris leaves contained compounds such as essential oils, fats, alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins, tannins, anthocyanoids, carotenoids, organic acids, reducing agents, proanthocyanidins, saponins and anthraquinones. Ardisia silvestris leaves had a total polyphenol content of 0.26% dry matter, tannin of 8.8%, and a total flavonoid of 1.44 mg/g. The ethyl acetate extract and water extract of the leaves had the antioxidant activity and were 4.2 and 4.4 times lower than ascorbic acid, respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Ardisia silvestris had the highest oxidative activity. The zone of inhibition of the plant extract diameters at the concentration of 100 µl/ml ranged between 9.67mm and 20.67mm for ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts, respectively on E. coli. Similarly, the zones of inhibitionof ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts diameters were 14.67 and 15.33 mm, respectively on Samonella sp., however, it was not shown for Staphylococus aureus.

Antibacterial Activity Test of Various Fraction of Lick leaves (Villebrunea rubescens) against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis Bacterial

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rani Dewi Pratiwi ◽  
Rani Dewi Pratiwi ◽  
Rani Dewi Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Lick leaves (Villebrunea rubescens) are one of the medicinal plants from the Urticaceae family. In Papua, we called it Daun jilat, which is used empirically by the community to treat contusion or bruises in the Serui area, Yapen Island Regency, Papua, Indonesia. Based on the result of the phytochemical screening, V. rubescens contained Alkaloids, Tannins, Saponins, Quinones, and Flavonoids. In previous research on an extract of Lick leaves, it was found that the antibacterial activities within inhibition zone have value of 8.7 mm (125 ?g/mL). This research aims to find out the antibacterial activities of the various fraction of Lick leaves in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus bacterial and to find out the most effective concentration of the various fraction of Lick leaves. The method used in this research was disc diffusion method and the solution used was ethanol-water, ethyl acetate, and N-hexane with the variable concentration used was 100, 250, 500, 750, 1000ppm. The result showed that Lick leaves fraction of ethanol-water, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane had an inhibition zone against the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria, while the n-hexane and ethyl acetate had an inhibition zone against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. However, for the ethyl-acetate, the inhibition zone was categorized as weak. The concentration of Lick leaves which effectively inhibited the growth of bacteria was ethanol-water fraction with an inhibition zone of 7.78 mm against Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria and ethanol-water fraction with an inhibition zone of 3.89 mm against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Properties of Canine Platelet-Rich Plasma and Other Non-Transfusional Hemo-Components: An in vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Rita Attili ◽  
Cristina Iacoucci ◽  
Evelina Serri ◽  
Vincenzo Cuteri ◽  
Andrea Cantalamessa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Veterinary Antibiotics ◽  
Bacterial Strains

This in vitro study was carried out to evaluate the potential antibacterial properties of canine non-transfusional hemo-components. Therapeutic formulations commonly used for regenerative medicine purposes (platelet-rich plasma, platelet gel, platelet lysate, fibrin glue), considering both leukocyte-rich and leukocyte-poor formulations, but also platelet-poor plasma and activating substances (thrombin, calcium gluconate), were tested to detect elements with potential antimicrobial properties. The antibacterial effect was tested on different bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus subspecies aureus, Staphylococcus cohnii subspecies cohnii, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae subspecies pneumoniae) isolated from canine wounds and classified as susceptible, multidrug-, extensively, and pandrug-resistant bacteria toward a known panel of human and veterinary antibiotics. The evaluation was carried out by agar gel diffusion method (Kirby–Bauer) and micro-inhibition in broth using microplates and spectrophotometer reading. The study findings confirmed the hypothesized antibacterial properties of canine non-transfusional hemo-components. A more effective bacteriostatic effect was found against Gram-negative bacteria, drug-resistant too. The presence of leukocytes or platelets does not appear to be essential for the antibacterial effect. Further studies should be conducted to evaluate the exact mechanism of action of the antimicrobial activity. However, non-transfusional hemo-components could be a useful natural aid in controlling bacterial infections in dogs.

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