Community Perspectives Concerning Discipline to Wards Large-scale Social Restrictions (LSSR) and Social Distancing when Covid-19

BACKGROUND The availability of large-scale and fine-grained aggregated mobility data has allowed researchers to observe the dynamic of social distancing behaviors at high spatial and temporal resolutions. Despite the increasing attentions paid to this research agenda, limited studies have focused on the demographic factors related to mobility and the dynamics of social distancing behaviors has not been fully investigated. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assist in the design and implementation of public health policies by exploring the social distancing behaviors among various demographic groups over time. METHODS We combined several data sources, including mobile tracking data and geographical statistics, to estimate visiting population of entertainment venues across demographic groups, which can be considered as the proxy of social distancing behaviors. Then, we employed time series analyze methods to investigate how voluntary and policy-induced social distancing behaviors shift over time across demographic groups. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate distinct patterns of social distancing behaviors and their dynamics across age groups. The population in the entertainment venues comprised mainly of individuals aged 20–40 years, while according to the dynamics of the mobility index and the policy-induced behavior, among the age groups, the extent of reduction of the frequency of visiting entertainment venues during the pandemic was generally the highest among younger individuals. Also, our results indicate the importance of implementing the social distancing policy promptly to limit the spread of the COVID-19 infection. However, it should be noticed that although the policy intervention during the second wave in Japan appeared to increase the awareness of the severity of the pandemic and concerns regarding COVID-19, its direct impact has been largely decreased could only last for a short time. CONCLUSIONS At the time we wrote this paper, in Japan, the number of daily confirmed cases was continuously increasing. Thus, this study provides a timely reference for decision makers about the current situation of policy-induced compliance behaviors. On the one hand, age-dependent disparity requires target mitigation strategies to increase the intention of elderly individuals to adopt mobility restriction behaviors. On the other hand, considering the decreasing impact of self-restriction recommendations, the government should employ policy interventions that limit the resurgence of cases, especially by imposing stronger, stricter social distancing interventions, as they are necessary to promote social distancing behaviors and mitigate the transmission of COVID-19. CLINICALTRIAL None

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The Influence of COVID-19 on Indonesian Investment

Journal of Asian Multicultural Research for Economy and Management Study ◽

10.47616/jamrems.v1i1.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Jeliastiva Jeliastiva ◽

Farid Fachrurazi

Keyword(s):

Economic System ◽

Large Scale ◽

Domestic Investment ◽

Social Distancing ◽

Work From Home ◽

The Social ◽

The World ◽

Almost All

The COVID-19 outbreak has had a serious impact on almost all countries in the world, including Indonesia. In response to this case, various policies began to emerge. Starting from the implementation of work from home, social distancing and physical distancing, until the implementation of large-scale social restrictions (PSBB). overseas investors are busy focusing their finances on the needs of their respective countries to fight the virus. Domestic investment (PMDN) is also predicted to experience a slowdown. The social distancing policy resulted in the community not being able to run the economic system well, especially in the Indonesian investment sector so that the perokoniman namely investment in Indonesia decreased and there were some delays in investment by other countries in Indonesia.

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How public perceptions of social distancing evolved over a critical time period: communication lessons learnt from the American state of Wisconsin

Journal of Science Communication ◽

10.22323/2.19050211 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (05) ◽

pp. A11

Author(s):

Kaiping Chen ◽

Luye Bao ◽

Anqi Shao ◽

Pauline Ho ◽

Shiyu Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Computational Methods ◽

Large Scale ◽

Critical Time ◽

Effective Communication ◽

Public Perceptions ◽

Social Distancing ◽

Time Period ◽

Large Scale Survey ◽

Main Barrier

Understanding how individuals perceive the barriers and benefits of precautionary actions is key for effective communication about public health crises, such as the COVID-19 outbreak. This study used innovative computational methods to analyze 30,000 open-ended responses from a large-scale survey to track how Wisconsin (U.S.A.) residents' perceptions of the benefits of and barriers to performing social distancing evolved over a critical time period (March 19th to April 1st, 2020). Initially, the main barrier was practical related, however, individuals later perceived more multifaceted barriers to social distancing. Communication about COVID-19 should be dynamic and evolve to address people's experiences and needs overtime.

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Smallholder Farmers’ Challenges of Coping with COVID-19 Containments: Insights from two food regions in Indonesia

African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development ◽

10.18697/ajfand.101.20900 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (06) ◽

pp. 18223-18244

Author(s):

Silke Stöber ◽

◽

K Adinata ◽

T Ramba ◽

N Paganini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Large Scale ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Smallholder Farmers ◽

Observational Research ◽

Food Groups ◽

Social Distancing ◽

Limited Mobility ◽

Female Farmers ◽

Price Spikes

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced governments around the world to impose containment measures to prevent the rapid spread of the corona virus. The Indonesian government implemented “large-scale social restrictions,” which have impacted farming and farmers’ food security. Farmers are both producers and consumers of food and, therefore, have been facing new challenges due to transport restrictions, price spikes for inputs, price drops for their produce, or conditions which aggravated cooperation, such as social distancing. This study aims at analysing the challenges of the containments from a smallholder farmer perspective and examining farmers’ coping potential. A digital survey with 323 farmers has been designed as comparative observational research in Toraja, South Sulawesi, and selected regions of Java. The Bonferroni Multiple Comparison Test was used to test for significance regarding socio-economic factors and space. A logistic regression model extracted determinants for crisis coping. Results reveal, that female farmers worry more about COVID-19 outbreak compared to men at a significant level. In contrast, male farmers, particularly in Java, are more concerned about social restrictions due to limited mobility. Food price spikes were reported in both regions, with sharp increases for fish, fruits, and vegetables in Java, for staples in Toraja, and for meat and sugar in both regions. Food groups, that trade through agents and brokers or are transported longer distances were affected most due to their complex and long supply chains that were disrupted during the restrictions. In Java, farmers face multiple shocks, of which climate change was reported even more often than the pandemic related shocks. Not being able to help each other on the farm due to social distancing is a significant concern of farmers in Toraja. As a result of food market disturbances, farmers began to grow and eat more vegetables and fruits. In conclusion, food security for farmers slightly decreased due to affordability, and market disruptions already point to long-term income losses. The study team recommends to promote smallholders’ healthy food production, value addition and direct end-consumer linkages to build back better their livelihoods post-COVID-19.

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Understanding public perception of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) social distancing on Twitter

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology ◽

10.1017/ice.2020.406 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Sameh N. Saleh ◽

Christoph U. Lehmann ◽

Samuel A. McDonald ◽

Mujeeb A. Basit ◽

Richard J. Medford

Keyword(s):

Language Processing ◽

Public Perception ◽

Large Scale ◽

Community Support ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Public Understanding ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Social Distancing ◽

English Only ◽

Twitter Users

Abstract Objective: Social distancing policies are key in curtailing severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread, but their effectiveness is heavily contingent on public understanding and collective adherence. We studied public perception of social distancing through organic, large-scale discussion on Twitter. Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Methods: Between March 27 and April 10, 2020, we retrieved English-only tweets matching two trending social distancing hashtags, #socialdistancing and #stayathome. We analyzed the tweets using natural language processing and machine-learning models, and we conducted a sentiment analysis to identify emotions and polarity. We evaluated the subjectivity of tweets and estimated the frequency of discussion of social distancing rules. We then identified clusters of discussion using topic modeling and associated sentiments. Results: We studied a sample of 574,903 tweets. For both hashtags, polarity was positive (mean, 0.148; SD, 0.290); only 15% of tweets had negative polarity. Tweets were more likely to be objective (median, 0.40; IQR, 0–0.6) with ~30% of tweets labeled as completely objective (labeled as 0 in range from 0 to 1). Approximately half of tweets (50.4%) primarily expressed joy and one-fifth expressed fear and surprise. Each correlated well with topic clusters identified by frequency including leisure and community support (ie, joy), concerns about food insecurity and quarantine effects (ie, fear), and unpredictability of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its implications (ie, surprise). Conclusions: Considering the positive sentiment, preponderance of objective tweets, and topics supporting coping mechanisms, we concluded that Twitter users generally supported social distancing in the early stages of their implementation.

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Smart Distance Lab Art Fair - An experimental data set on social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic

10.31219/osf.io/86sx7 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Charlotte Coosje Tanis ◽

Nina Leach ◽

Sandra Jeanette Geiger ◽

Floor H Nauta ◽

Fabian Dablander ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Large Scale ◽

Wearable Sensors ◽

Face Mask ◽

Data Set ◽

Behavioural Interventions ◽

Social Distancing ◽

Behavioural Experiment ◽

Environmental Measures ◽

Insight Into

In the absence of a vaccine, social distancing behaviour is pivotal to mitigate COVID-19 virus spread. In this large-scale behavioural experiment, we gathered data during Smart Distance Lab: The Art Fair (n = 787) between August 28 and 30, 2020 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. We varied walking directions (bidirectional, unidirectional, and no directions) and supplementary interventions (face mask and buzzer to alert visitors of 1.5 metres distance). We captured visitors' movements using cameras, registered their contacts (defined as within 1.5 metres) using wearable sensors, and assessed their attitudes toward COVID-19 as well as their experience during the event using questionnaires. We also registered environmental measures (e.g., humidity). In this paper, we describe this unprecedented, multi-modal experimental data set on social distancing, including psychological, behavioural, and environmental measures. The data set is available on Figshare and in a MySQL database. It can be used to gain insight into (attitudes toward) behavioural interventions promoting social distancing, to calibrate pedestrian models, and to inform new studies on behavioural interventions.

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Reviewing the Insights of Confinement and Social Distancing as Measures Involved in the Prevention of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Journal La Sociale ◽

10.37899/journal-la-sociale.v1i3.128 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 10-23

Author(s):

Georges Pius Kamsu Moyo⃰ ◽

Dany Hermann Ngwanou ◽

Daniel Armand Tague Kago ◽

Nelly Kamgaing ◽

Ginette Claude Mireille Kalla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effects ◽

Large Scale ◽

Economic Impacts ◽

Physical Contact ◽

Social Distancing ◽

Population Information ◽

The Subject ◽

Expected Benefits

Confinement and social distancing have been widely used in the prevention of the COVID-19 pandemic, as interventions consisting in reducing physical contact between individuals to prevent the spread of the disease. In order to demonstrate the pattern of these measures, we did a review of pertinent articles on the subject available online. We found that though confinement and social distancing significantly contributed to the mitigation of the COVID-19 infection in a number of countries worldwide, there however exist a dilemma in choosing between the expected benefits and adverse effects, especially when applied on a large scale. Thus considerations with regards to socio-anthropological and politico-economic impacts should be considered in order to protect citizens, especially the vulnerable. Besides, population information, education and communication helps to increase adherence and observation of recommendations. However, further improvements need to be implemented in other to render these measures more bearable and less restrictive while ameliorating their efficacy.

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Correlation between Local Eid-al-Fitr Homecoming (Mudik) with Coronavirus Disease-19 during Ramadhan Season Amidst Large-scale Social Distancing in Indonesia

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2020.5369 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (T1) ◽

pp. 570-573

Author(s):

Meita Veruswati ◽

Al Asyary ◽

Rony Darmawansyah Alnur ◽

Guspianto Guspianto

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Local Government ◽

Local Governments ◽

Large Scale ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Transmission Peak ◽

Surveillance Data ◽

Ministry Of Health ◽

Social Distancing ◽

The Difference

BACKGROUND: In anticipation of coronavirus disease (COVID)-19’s transmission peak, Eid-al-Fitr homecoming (mudik) has officially been banned by the Indonesian government interlocal but not local in welcoming this religious Muslim celebration. This local Mudik is held by traveling among regional provinces and is still allowed by each local government, including Java, which has the highest transmission of COVID-19 in Indonesia. AIM: This study aims to present the difference between COVID-19 status before and during local Mudik on Java during Ramadhan with the implementation of large-sale social distancing applied in Jakarta, Indonesia. METHODS: This research was employed by secondary data analysis that was obtained from surveillance data from related authorities, including the Ministry of Health and all local governments of Java, which consisted of four provinces and Jakarta. Incidence and suspect statuses of COVID-19, which were examined in the study, were presented in daily rates with before and during local Mudik in four provinces: Jawa Barat, Yogyakarta, Banten, and Jawa Tengah. RESULTS: The number of positive confirmed patients differed significantly with before and during local Mudik (p < 0.05; mean difference = −/negative values). CONCLUSION: This study’s findings showed that the local Mudik increased the number of COVID-19 cases in four provinces in Java, which these provinces were designated as Mudik destinations by travelers coming from Jakarta during the end of Ramadhan season.

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Investigating and evaluating evidence of the behavioural determinants of adherence to social distancing measures – A protocol for a scoping review of COVID-19 research

HRB Open Research ◽

10.12688/hrbopenres.13099.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 46 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chris Noone ◽

Nikolett Warner ◽

Molly Byrne ◽

Hannah Durand ◽

Kim L. Lavoie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Scoping Review ◽

Large Scale ◽

Best Practice ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Theoretical Domains Framework ◽

Open Science ◽

Quality Appraisal ◽

Social Distancing ◽

Behavioural Determinants

Background: The WHO has declared the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic. With no vaccine currently available, using behavioural measures to reduce the spread of the virus within the population is an important tool in mitigating the effects of this pandemic. As such, social distancing measures are being implemented globally and have proven an effective tool in slowing the large-scale spread of the virus. Aim: This scoping review will focus on answering key questions about the state of the evidence on the behavioural determinants of adherence to social distancing measures in research on COVID-19. Methods: A scoping review will be conducted in accordance with guidelines for best practice. Literature searches will be conducted using online databases and grey literature sources. Databases will include Medline, Web of Science, Embase and PsycInfo, alongside relevant pre-print servers. Grey literature will be searched on Google Scholar. Screening, data extraction and quality appraisal will be conducted independently by two members of the research team, with any discrepancies resolved by consensus discussion and an additional team member if needed. Quality appraisal will be conducted using the Cochrane’s ROBINS-I tool, the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool, and the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist where appropriate. Results will be analysed by mapping findings onto the Theoretical Domains Framework and visualising characteristics of the included studies using EviAtlas. This scoping review is pre-registered with Open Science Framework. Conclusions The results of this study may facilitate the systematic development of behavioural interventions to increase adherence to social distancing measures.

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Interplay of social distancing and border restrictions for pandemics via the epidemic renormalisation group framework

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-72175-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Giacomo Cacciapaglia ◽

Francesco Sannino

Keyword(s):

Disease Transmission ◽

Large Scale ◽

Social Impact ◽

Renormalisation Group ◽

Group Approach ◽

Social Distancing ◽

Global Epidemic ◽

The World ◽

The Impact ◽

Large Scale Simulations

Abstract One of the biggest threats to humanity are pandemics. In our global society they can rage around the world with an immense toll in terms of human, economic and social impact. Forecasting the spreading of a pandemic is, therefore, paramount in helping governments to enforce a number of social and economic measures, apt at curbing the pandemic and dealing with its aftermath. We demonstrate that the epidemic renormalisation group approach to pandemics provides an effective and simple way to investigate the dynamics of disease transmission and spreading across different regions of the world. The framework also allows for reliable projections on the impact of travel limitations and social distancing measures on global epidemic spread. We test and calibrate it on reported COVID-19 cases while unveiling the mechanism that governs the delay in the relative peaks of newly infected cases among different regions of the globe. We discover that social distancing measures are more effective than travel limitations across borders in delaying the epidemic peak. We further provide the link to compartmental models such as the time-honoured SIR-like models. We also show how to generalise the framework to account for the interactions across several regions of the world, replacing or complementing large scale simulations.

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