scholarly journals COVID-19 in Africa: rethinking the tools to manage future pandemics

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1509-17
Author(s):  
Ismaila Emahi ◽  
Mimmie CNC Watts ◽  
Samuel Azibere ◽  
Joseph F Morrison ◽  
Kwabena AN Sarpong
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Preventative Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Science Leadership ◽  
Low Rate

Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains an incurable, progressive pneumonia-like illness characterized by fever, dry cough, fatigue, and headache during its early stages. COVID-19 has ultimately resulted in mortality in at least 2 million people worldwide. Millions of people globally have already been affected by this disease, and the numbers are expected to increase, perhaps until an effective cure or vaccine is identified.Although Africa was initially purported by the World Health Organization (WHO) to be severely hit by the pandemic, Africa recorded the least number of cases during the first wave, with lowest rates of infections, compared to Asia, Europe, and the Americas. This statistic might be attributed to the low testing capacity, existing public health awareness and lessons learnt during Ebola epidemic. Nonetheless, the relatively low rate of infection should be an opportunity for Africa to be better prepared to overcome this and future epidemics.In this paper, the authors provide insights into the dynamics and transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) during the first wave of the pandemic; possible explanations into the relatively low rates of infection recorded in Africa; with recommendations for Africa to continue to fight Covid-19; and position itself to effectively manage future pandemics. Keywords: Covid-19; Ebola; Science Leadership in Africa; Vaccine; SARS-COV-2; Preventative Health; Future Pandemics.

OBESITY IN SARS-COV-2 INFECTION: LITERATURE REVIEW

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Donizete Tavares Da Silva ◽  
Priscila De Sousa Barros Lima ◽  
Renato Sampaio Mello Neto ◽  
Gustavo Magalhães Valente ◽  
Débora Dias Cabral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

In March 2020, the World Health Organization (1) declared COVID-19 as a pandemic and a threat to global public health (2). The virus mainly affects the lungs and can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In addition, coronavirus 2 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARSCOV2) also has devastating effects on other important organs, including the circulatory system, brain, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys and liver

scholarly journals Is hydroxychloroquine beneficial for COVID-19 patients?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Li ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Patrizia Agostinis ◽  
Arnold Rabson ◽  
Gerry Melino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Emergency Care ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
World Health ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Effective Drugs

Abstract The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in December 2019. As similar cases rapidly emerged around the world1–3, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a public health emergency of international concern on January 30, 2020 and pronounced the rapidly spreading coronavirus outbreak as a pandemic on March 11, 20204. The virus has reached almost all countries of the globe. As of June 3, 2020, the accumulated confirmed cases reached 6,479,405 with more than 383,013 deaths worldwide. The urgent and emergency care of COVID-19 patients calls for effective drugs, in addition to the beneficial effects of remdesivir5, to control the disease and halt the pandemic.

scholarly journals PKM Kemasan Produksi Cairan Desinfektan yang Ramah Lingkungan dan Higienis Sesuai Standar WHO

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Marjan Miharja ◽  
Wiend Sakti Myharto ◽  
Hendrikus Lermatin ◽  
Paternus Ndruru ◽  
Veni Florence Lakie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
World Health ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Service Activity ◽  
Health Organization

The spread of Covid-19 has become one of the people's concerns, starting in the city of Wuhan, China at the end of 2019 when this virus was discovered, the spread of the virus that the antidote has not yet been found is now out of control. More than 200 countries in the world have reported that their people have contracted the Covid-19 virus. Corona Virus Disease 19 has been declared a Global Public Health Emergency by the World Health Organization (WHO) on January 30, 2020. Conditions in Indonesia until Thursday, November 30, 2020, the number of people who tested positive for Covid-19 reached 538,883 cases, 450,518 people recovered and 16,945 of them died. This figure will continue to increase in line with the opinion of some epidemiologists and statistics that a pandemic outbreak will not end quickly. The purpose of this community service activity is to realize one of the contents of Presidential Instruction Number 4 of 2020, namely "Rrefocussing activities, reallocation of budgets and procurement of goods and services in order to accelerate the handling of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)", namely by making and distributing fluids. Disinfectant that is safe and environmentally friendly and recommended by the BPOM and the World Health Organization (WHO) to help people face the New Normal era. The result of this service activity is a disinfectant liquid that is safe and environmentally friendly and is able to anticipate the spread of covid-19 and increase public awareness of the Covid-19 Virus in the face of the New Normal era.

scholarly journals Medicinal Plants for Prevention and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-85
Author(s):  
Onder Otlu ◽  
Ceyhun Bereketoglu ◽  
Tugba Raika Kiran ◽  
Aysun Bay Karabulut
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Antiviral Agent ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

The 2019-nCoV (new Corona Virus) outbreak was announced by the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Emergency Public Health Organization, on January 30, 2020, and WHO reported the 2019-nCoV pathogen to SARSCoV-2 and Corona virus Disease 2019 on 12 February. (COVID2019). COVID-19 was officially recognized as a Pandemic by WHO on March 11, 2020. Plants have been used all over the world as traditional medicine for centuries to treat many chronic infections, including viral diseases. In recent years, scientists have been trying to verify the potential of functional compounds to protect human health and cure diseases with their research on functional and nutraceutical foods. Traditional medicinal plants have a long history supported by many researches such as maintaining a healthy life, toxins taken in daily life, fighting and preventing diseases, and longevity. Studies on the antiviral, antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties of ethnomedical plants and natural phytochemicals can be considered as a great potential drug source against various ailments as well as Covid-19 treatment. Based on this study, plant extracts increase immunity with the increase in the number of white blood cells and lymphocytes in viral infections such as Covid-19, which can lead to fatal consequences, regulating the production and release of proinflammatory cytokines, showing an anti-inflammatory effect with a decrease in the C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, It appears to have a positive effect such as interfering with the development and potential antiviral agent activity. In this study, phytochemicals and effects associated with COVID-19 infection were reviewed.

scholarly journals A Review on Automatic Covid-19 Lung Infection Detection from Different Imaging Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VII) ◽  
pp. 3850-3856
Author(s):  
Sangeeta Singh
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
High Level ◽  
Precision Rate

Corona Virus Disease-2019 commonly known as COVID-19 which has been defined by the Novel Corona Virus. It is a family of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and was first detected during respiratory outbreak. It was first reported to the World Health Organization on December 31, 2019. On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 eruption a global health emergency. As of 27-May-2021 169,095,283 confirmed cases have been reported in the world and 2, 73, 67, 935 cases in India. It is required to identify the infection with high precision rate but there are lots of deficiency in the diagnosing system that may resulted false alarm rate. Initially it could be detected through throat saliva but now it can also be identified thought the impairment in lungs from computerized tomographical imaging technique. This paper reviewed various researches over COVID-19 diagnosis approach as well as the syndrome in respiratory organs. There are so many imaging techniques through which lungs impairments can be detected that may diagnose COVID-19 with high level of accuracy. CT scan image is the best alternative for diagnosing COVID-19.

scholarly journals Public health fault lines in the fight against COVID-19: Lessons from Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-262
Author(s):  
Saikou Omar Sillah ◽  
Xu Yihua
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

On 31st December 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) was notified of a cluster of cases of pneumonia of unknown cause detected in the Wuhan, Hubei Province of China which eventually was named to be the Corona virus disease. In response to the rapid spread of the virus, WHO declared it a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) on 30th January, 2020. As per the quest to recharge the COVID-19 response power, there is seemingly little or no tangible plans to help permanently reorient Africa’s health care system. In the wake of widespread vaccine nationalism, donor countries continue to secure large quantities of vaccines from developers and manufacturers, causing global disparity in access to COVID-19 vaccines.

scholarly journals Novel corona Virus (2019-nCoV) - An Ancient Ayurveda Epidemiology Literature Review.

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
GANGAPRASAD ANANTRAO WAGHMARE
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rate Estimate ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Epidemic Diseases

 Coronaviruses (CoV) are a large family of viruses that cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV). In more severe cases, infection can cause pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome, kidney failure and even death   Initially, the World Health Organization (WHO) had mentioned 2% as a mortality rate estimate in a press conference on Wednesday, January 29 and again on February 10. However, on January 29 2020 WHO specified that this was a very early and provisional estimate that might have changed. 3.4% Mortality Rate estimate by the World Health Organization (WHO) as of March 3 2020.                           The concept of epidemic was very much well defined in Ayurveda, Acharya Charaka the great physician of all ages had mentioned the epidemic diseases under the heading of “Janapadodhwans”.The aim of this review study is to understand the ancient Ayurveda epidemic literature , to prevent people from getting affected by epidemic diseases and to enlighten on epidemic diseases prevention & Management through Ayurveda. Keywords: Novel corona Virus (2019-nCoV),severe acute respiratory syndrome,Janapadodhwans,Ayurveda,epidemic Diseases,communicable disease,Panchakarma, Rasayan .  

scholarly journals COVID-19: an Indian perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 2003
Author(s):  
Prahlad Kadambi
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Index Case ◽  
World Health ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
First Case ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The University ◽  
Indian Perspective

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is currently spreading globally rapidly. The World Health Organization (WHO) named the virus as the 2019 novel corona virus (2019-nCoV) on January 7, 2020. On February 11th 2020, the illness associated was named as 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Subsequently, the WHO declared COVID-19 as a pandemic on 11 March 2020. The first case of COVID-19 was reported in India on 30 January 2020 in Thrissur, Kerala. This was the index case in India who tested positive after coming for a vacation. This individual was a student of the University of Wuhan. Subsequent cases were reported in Kerala. Subsequently, the number of cases in India increased to 519 as on 24th March 2020 with mortality in 7 patients as on 22nd March 2020 and 10 patients on 24th March 2020.

scholarly journals Long Term Effect of COVID-19 on the Brain: Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Shreerag Devkumar ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Jha ◽  
Dhruba Hari Chandi
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clinical Disorder ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Corona viruses (CoVs) are well-covered RNA viruses that cause enteric and respiratory infections in humans and animals. Many human CoVs have recently gained global interest because of their lethal power and high contagious power. SARS-CoV-2, or COVID-19, is a pathogenic coV that first appeared in Wuhan, China. Corona virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) created by SARS-CoV-2, has been declared as pandemic by the World Health Organization since March 11, 2020. The epidemic started in Wuhan and spread rapidly around the world. Corona virus is facing a major epidemic: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). SARS-CoV-2 is a virus closely related to SARS. Corona virus (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV-2 VIRUS, a complex clinical disorder characterized by severe pneumonia and acute respiratory stress syndrome. Serious and neurological disorders, such as encephalitis, coma, fever, epilepsy, and Guillain-Barré syndrome, are more common in cases of COVID-19. In addition, chronic autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases may occur in SARS-CoV-2 immunopathology and colonization of intestinal and central nervous system, as well as systemic inflammatory response during COVID-19. Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative condition that causes the development of motor and non-motor symptoms.

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