scholarly journals Preliminary Characterization of Co-processed Excipients of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) Mucilage and Pregelatinized Potato Starch

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-129
Author(s):  
A. Akonlula
Keyword(s):  
Potato Starch ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Angle Of Internal Friction ◽  
Consolidation Rate ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Compaction Properties ◽  
Good Flow

Background: Okra mucilage is highly viscous with good binding properties in tablets. Pregelatinized starches have significantly improved flow properties but produce tablets of poor mechanical strength.Objective: Preliminary evaluation of co-processed excipients of Okra mucilage and pregelatinized potato starch as directly-compressible excipients.Methods: Polymers were characterized for morphology (SEM), crystallinity (FT-IR) and flow properties. Coprocessed excipients were developed with Okra mucilage and pregelatinized potato starch at different ratios of starch: mucilage (95:5, 90:10, 85:15, 80:20, 70:30), using the co-fusion method. The flow, packing and compaction properties of the co-processed excipients were evaluated using density measurements, angle of repose, angle of internal friction, Kawakita model, consolidation index (C) and consolidation rate (K).Results: Larger agglomerates of the co-processed excipients indicated formation of a new polymer. FT-IR spectra showed retention of all the major peaks of individual polymers. Okra mucilage imparted swelling while starch improved flow in the co-processed excipients (Hausner’s ratio 1.12-1.20). Values from Kawakita plots revealedcohesiveness and compressibility were imparted to the co-processed excipients (a = 0.300–0.329; b = 0.078–0.361) suggesting good compactibility. Consolidation index and rate were observed to increase with Okra mucilage content, implying improved rate of packing as well as enhanced flow (C = 0.566-1.389; K = 0.123-0.424). The batch containing starch: mucilage 70:30 gave the best properties of good flow, cohesiveness and compactibility, essential parameters required in directly-compressible excipients.Conclusion: The co-processed excipients of Okra mucilage and pregelatinized potato starch could therefore be used as excipients for direct compression in tablet formulations.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of the Flow Properties between Two Alumina-Based Dry Powders

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milene Minniti de Campos ◽  
Maria do Carmo Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Internal Friction ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Ceramic Powder ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Wall Friction ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Alumina Powder ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Angle Of Internal Friction

We measured and compared the flow properties of two alumina-based powders. The alumina powder (AP) is irregularly shaped and has a smooth surface and moisture content of 0.16% (d.b.), and the ceramic powder (CP), obtained after atomization in a spray dryer, is spherical and has a rough surface and moisture content of 1.07%. We measured the Hausner ratio (HR), the static angle of repose (AoR), the flow index (FI), the angle of internal friction, and the wall's friction angle. The properties measured using aerated techniques (AoR and HR) demonstrated that AP presents true cohesiveness (and therefore a difficult flow), while CP presents some cohesiveness and its flow might be classified as half way between difficult and easy flow. Their FI values, which were obtained using a nonaerated technique, enable us to classify the alumina as cohesive and the ceramic powder as an easy-flow powder. The large mean diameter and morphological characteristics of CP reduce interparticle forces and improve flowability, in spite of the higher moisture content of their granules. The angles of internal friction and of wall friction were not significantly different when comparing the two powders.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Mucilage from Cinnamon verum

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Vadivel ◽  
Poorva P. Dabholkar
Keyword(s):  
Dosage Form ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Natural Polymer ◽  
Pharmaceutical Excipients ◽  
Ir Studies ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Phytochemical Studies

From the last few decades the importance of search for natural polymer as pharmaceutical excipients has been increasing due to their various advantages. Natural polymer has been used in different pharmaceutical formulations. They are easily available, non-toxic, biodegradable and less cost. The synthetic polymers used as excipients suffer from many disadvantages such as high cost, toxicity, non-biodegradable and environmental pollution caused during their synthesis. In the present study, mucilage was isolated from the bark of Cinnamon verum. The mucilage was extracted using distilled water and isolated by the two methods such as precipitation with ethanol and acetone. The mucilage was characterized by various physicochemical properties such as solubility, pH, swelling index, loss on drying and preliminary phytochemical studies. The micrometric properties of mucilage such as bulk and tapped densities, Carr’s index, Hausner’s ratio and angle of repose were also evaluated. The result showed that extracted Cinnamon mucilage exhibited good flow properties (Angle of repose 20°.45”), loss on drying was 1.6%, Swelling index was 31.8% and pH was found to be 7.0. Extracted mucilage swells in water and slightly soluble in organic solvents. The preliminary phytoconstituents studies showed the presence of carbohydrates, mucilage and phenolic compounds. FT-IR studies show that presence of O-H and aliphatic C-H stretching. Results of evaluated parameters showed that cinnamon derived mucilage can be used as pharmaceutical excipients to formulate different dosage form. It has acceptable pH and organoleptic properties, so can be easily used in various dosage form.

Surface Stability and Flow Characteristics of BPSG Film by N2O Plasma Treatment

1992 ◽  
Vol 259 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.G. Kim ◽  
H.S. Lee ◽  
Y.C. Ahn ◽  
U.I. Chung ◽  
J.K. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Film Structure ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Surface Stability ◽  
High Boron ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Good Flow

ABSTRACTBPSG films show good flow characteristics with the increase of boron and phosphorus concentration. As–deposited BPSG films with high boron and phosphorus concentration, however, have a dopant instability which results in film bursts, cracks, and precipitates, due to water absorption. Elimination of dopant instabilities of BPSG films by N2O plasma treatment is investigated. Film structure, composition and flow properties are evaluated by FT-IR, SIMS, and SEM, respectively. Dopant stability is examined after H2SO4 boiling. After H2SO4 boiling without N2O plasma treatment, BPSG films with high boron and phosphorus concentration show poor flow characteristics. Boron and phosphorus are leached out of the BPSG films by reaction with absorbed water during the H2SO4 boil. N2O plasma treatment results in a thin surface layer composed of Si-O-B bonds. These bonds do not dissolve in water. It is proposed that the thin layer consisting of Si-O-B bonds prevents the penetration of water into BPSG film during H2SO4 boiling.

scholarly journals Formulation Design and in Vitro Evaluation of Oral Disintegrating Tablets of Selegiline

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (04) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
K Sunand ◽  
V Sandhya ◽  
A Swapna ◽  
K Prasanth ◽  
A Vijaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Compression Method ◽  
Sodium Starch Glycolate ◽  
Control Evaluation ◽  
Tapped Density ◽  
Evaluation Parameters ◽  
Fast Disintegrating Tablets ◽  
Good Flow

In the present work, an attempt has been made to develop fast disintegrating tablets of Selegiline, were as sodium starch glycolate, cross povidone and cross carmellose sodium were employed as super disintegrating agents to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of drug molecule. Formulations were prepared by direct compression method using 6mm punch on 8 station rotary tablet punching machine. The blend of all the formulations showed good flow properties such as angle of repose, bulk density and tapped density. The prepared tablets have shown good post compression parameters and they passed all the quality control evaluation parameters as per IP limits. Among all the formulations F2 formulation showed maximum percentage drug release i.e., 97.26 % in 45 min, hence it is considered as optimized formulation. The F2 formulation contains SSG as super disintegrate in the concentration of 24mg.

Spectral Investigation on the Growth and Characterization of NLO Crystals of Thiourea Succinic Acid Single Crystal.

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
Kannan.P ◽  
Thambidurai.S ◽  
Suresh.N
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Slow Evaporation Technique ◽  
Absorption Studies ◽  
Dta Analysis ◽  
Evaporation Technique ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Spectroscopic ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Growth of optically transparent single crystals of thiourea succinic acid (TUSA) was grown successfully from aqueous solution by slow evaporation technique. The crystal structure was elucidated using the single crystal XRD. The various functional groups and the modes of vibrations were identified by FT-IR spectroscopic analysis. The optical absorption studies indicate that the optical transparency window is quite wide making its suitable for NLO applications. Thermal stability of the crown crystal carried out by TGA-DTA analysis.

Thermal Behaviour of Candesartan Active substance and in pharmaceutical compounds

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1895-1902
Author(s):  
Ioana Cristina Tita ◽  
Eleonora Marian ◽  
Bogdan Tita ◽  
Claudia Crina Toma ◽  
Laura Vicas
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Behaviour ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research ◽  
Pharmaceutical Product ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Pure Substance ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir

Thermal analysis is one of the most frequently used instrumental techniques in the pharmaceutical research, for the thermal characterization of different materials from solids to semi-solids, which are of pharmaceutical relevance. In this paper, simultaneous thermogravimetry/derivative thermogravimetry (TG/DTG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used for characterization of the thermal behaviour of candesartan cilexetil � active substance (C-AS) under dynamic nitrogen atmosphere and nonisothermal conditions, in comparison with pharmaceutical product containing the corresponding active substance. It was observed that the commercial samples showed a different thermal profile than the standard sample, caused by the presence of excipients in the pharmaceutical product and to possible interaction of these with the active substance. The Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) were used as complementary techniques adequately implement and assist in interpretation of the thermal results. The main conclusion of this comparative study was that the TG/DTG and DSC curves, together with the FT-IR spectra, respectively X-ray difractograms constitute believe data for the discrimination between the pure substance and pharmaceutical forms.

Preparation and Characterization of Soybean Oil-based Flame Retardant Rigid Polyurethane Foams Containing Phosphaphenanthrene Groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 760-771
Author(s):  
Qirui Gong ◽  
Niangui Wang ◽  
Kaibo Zhang ◽  
Shizhao Huang ◽  
Yuhan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Degradation Activation Energy ◽  
Ft Ir

A phosphaphenanthrene groups containing soybean oil based polyol (DSBP) was synthesized by epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) and 9,10-dihydro-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO). Soybean oil based polyol (HSBP) was synthesized by ESO and H2O. The chemical structure of DSBP and HSBP were characterized with FT-IR and 1H NMR. The corresponding rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) were prepared by mixing DSBP with HSBP. The results revealed apparent density and compression strength of RPUFs decreased with increasing the DSBP content. The cell structure of RPUFs was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) which displayed the cells as spherical or polyhedral. The thermal degradation and flame retardancy of RPUFs were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, limiting oxygen index (LOI), and UL 94 vertical burning test. The degradation activation energy (Ea) of first degradation stage reduced from 80.05 kJ/mol to 37.84 kJ/mol with 80 wt% DSBP. The RUPF with 80 wt% DSBP achieved UL94 V-0 rating and LOI 28.3. The results showed that the flame retardant effect was mainly in both gas phase and condensed phase.

Isolasi Dan Karakterisasi Bentonit Alam Menjadi Nanopartikel Monmorillonit

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaimahwati Zaimahwati ◽  
Yuniati Yuniati ◽  
Ramzi Jalal ◽  
Syahman Zhafiri ◽  
Yuli Yetri
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Sedimentation Processes

<p>Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan isolasi dan karakterisasi bentonit alam menjadi nanopartikel montmorillonit. Bentonit alam yang digunakan diambil dari desa Blangdalam, Kecamatan Nisam Kabupaten Aceh Utara.  Proses isolasi meliputi proses pelarutan dengan aquades, ultrasonic dan proses sedimentasi. Untuk mengetahui karakterisasi montmorillonit dilakukan uji FT-IR, X-RD dan uji morfologi permukaan dengan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Partikel size analyzer untuk menganalisis dan menentukan ukuran nanopartikel dari isolasi bentonit alam. Dari hasil penelitian didapat ukuran nanopartikel montmorillonit hasil isolasi dari bentonit alam diperoleh berdiameter rata-rata 82,15 nm.</p><p><em>In this research we have isolated and characterized natural bentonite into montmorillonite nanoparticles. Natural bentonite used was taken from Blangdalam village, Nisam sub-district, North Aceh district. The isolation process includes dissolving process with aquades, ultrasonic and sedimentation processes.  The characterization of montmorillonite, FT-IR, X-RD and surface morphology test by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Particle size analyzer to analyze and determine the size of nanoparticles from natural bentonite insulation. From the research results obtained the size of montmorillonite nanoparticles isolated from natural bentonite obtained an average diameter of 82.15 nm.</em></p>

scholarly journals Synthesis, Fabrication, and Characterization of Functionalized Polydiacetylene Containing Cellulose Nanofibrous Composites for Colorimetric Sensing of Organophosphate Compounds

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1869
Author(s):  
A K M Mashud Alam ◽  
Donovan Jenks ◽  
George A. Kraus ◽  
Chunhui Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Colorimetric Sensing ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Hazardous Chemical ◽  
Tensile Tester ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Landmark Study

Organophosphate (OP) compounds, a family of highly hazardous chemical compounds included in nerve agents and pesticides, have been linked to more than 250,000 annual deaths connected to various chronic diseases. However, a solid-state sensing system that is able to be integrated into a clothing system is rare in the literature. This study aims to develop a nanofiber-based solid-state polymeric material as a soft sensor to detect OP compounds present in the environment. Esters of polydiacetylene were synthesized and incorporated into a cellulose acetate nanocomposite fibrous assembly developed with an electrospinning technique, which was then hydrolyzed to generate more hydroxyl groups for OP binding. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Instron® tensile tester, contact angle analyzer, and UV–Vis spectroscopy were employed for characterizations. Upon hydrolysis, polydiacetylene esters in the cellulosic fiber matrix were found unaffected by hydrolysis treatment, which made the composites suitable for OP sensing. Furthermore, the nanofibrous (NF) composites exhibited tensile properties suitable to be used as a textile material. Finally, the NF composites exhibited colorimetric sensing of OP, which is visible to the naked eye. This research is a landmark study toward the development of OP sensing in a protective clothing system.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document