scholarly journals Studies on crude powder and ethanolic extract of Citrullus lanatus seeds: phytochemical analysis, effects on haemogram and some reproductive characteristics of male albino rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
J.O. Akhuetie ◽  
M.O. Oyeyemi ◽  
A.A. Oloye
Keyword(s):  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Characteristics ◽  
Crude Powder

scholarly journals Emblica officinalis (Amla) Ameliorates High-Fat Diet Induced Alteration of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bheemshetty S. Patil ◽  
Pallavi S. Kanthe ◽  
Chandramouli R. Reddy ◽  
Kusal K. Das
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Emblica Officinalis ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Elastic Artery

Background: Dietary high fat possibly causes oxidative stress. Also, it alters the pathophysiology of metabolically active myocardial tissues and vascular architecture. Emblica officinalis contains a potential antioxidant that counteracts oxidative stress and possibly maintains vascular integrity. Objective: To assess the effect of ethanolic extract of Emblica officinalis (EEO) on High Fat Diet (HFD) induced changes in vascular chemistry and histopathology of the cardiovascular system in male albino rats. Materials and Methods: Ethanolic extract of Emblica Officinalis (EEO) was prepared and phytochemical analysis was done. Rats were divided into four groups, having six rats in each group as follows: group 1- Control (20% fat); group 2 (20% fat+ EEO 100 mg/kg/b w); group 3 (30% fat) and group 4 (30% fat + EEO 100 mg/kg/b w). Dietary and EEO supplementation was continued for 21 days. Gravimetric and oxidative stress markers like MDA, NO, antioxidants like Vitamin C and E, and molecular marker (NOS3) were evaluated. Histopathological analysis was done on the myocardium and elastic artery along with measurement of coronary arterial wall thickness and lumen diameter. One way ANOVA was done for analysis of data. Results: High fat diet showed a significant increase in MDA, decrease of NO with unaltered NOS3 protein in rats fed with high fat diet, which indicate possible alteration of vascular pathophysiology. Supplementation of EEO showed an ameliorating effect on high fat diet induced oxidative stress. These results were further corroborated with findings of a histopathological study on the myocardium, elastic artery and coronary arterial architecture. Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of Emblica officinalis (EEO) indicates its cardioprotective efficacy against rats fed with high fat diet.

scholarly journals Evaluating the influence of Citrullus lanatus seed extracts on electrolytes, urea and creatinine in Streptozotocin induced diabetic albino rats

2018 ◽  
pp. 87-94
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Potassium Sodium ◽  
Group 1

The focus of current research study was to evaluate the influence of the seed extract of Citrullus lanatus on urea, creatinine, potassium, sodium, chloride and bicarbonate in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Eighteen male wistar albino rats were divided into six groups of three rats each, diabetes were induced in all the rats except group 1 by intraperitoneal injection of 45 mg/kg b.wt. of streptozotocin. Group 1 rats served as control and received standard feed and water daily; Group 2 rats received oral Glibenclamide (0.5 mg/kg bw); Group 3,4, and 5 received 200 mg/kg bw, 400 mg/kg bw and 600 mg/kg b.wt. of the ethanolic extract of Citrullus lanatus seed respectively; and group 6 served as diabetic group. Blood samples were collected and analysed for urea, creatinine, potassium, sodium, chloride and bicarbonate using urease-Berthelot colorimetric method, Jaffe’s colorimetric method and Ion selective electrode (ISE) method respectively. There was a significant decrease in (p<0.05) glucose concentration (mmol/L) of 3.90 in control compared to 8.07, 8.73, 14.67, 11.43 and 9.80 in albino rats treated with glibenclamide, STZ+CLS 200 mg, STZ+CLS 400 mg, STZ+CLS 600 mg and diabetic control respectively. In potassium concentration (meq/l) 6.51 in control compared with 4.97, 7.59, 7.28, 8.45 and 6.87 in albino rats treated with glibenclamide, STZ+CLS200 mg, STZ+CLS 400 mg, STZ+CLS 600 mg and diabetic control respectively. While in sodium concentration (meq/l) of 1.42 in control compared to 1.33, 1.30, 1.36, 1.42 and 1.36 in albino rats treated with glibenclamide, STZ+CLS 200 mg, STZ+CLS 400 mg, STZ+CLS 600 mg and diabetic control respectively. However, in chloride concentration (meq/l) of 1.06 in control compared to 99.10, 97.87, 1.04, 88.00, 1.04, 88.00 and 1.04 in albino rats treated with glibenclamide, STZ+CLS 200 mg, STZ+CLS 400 mg, STZ+CLS 600 mg and diabetic control respectively and also in bicarbonate concentration (meq/l) of 10.07 when compared with 17.30, 16.47, 15.40, 6.40 and 17.30 in albino rats treated with glibenclamide, STZ+CLS 200 mg, STZ+CLS 400 mg, STZ+CLS 600 mg and diabetic control respectively. In conclusion, this medicinal plant could be considered as a potential and alternative approach for the treatment of diabetes. Keywords: Keywords: Citrullus lanatus, Diabetes Mellitus, Renal

scholarly journals Assessment of Nephroprotective Potential of Ethanolic Extract Premna Tomentosa (Ept) in Alcohol Toxicity in Male Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 3099-3103
Author(s):  
Gomathi Priyadharsini T ◽  
Kavimani M ◽  
Sathiya Narayana Murthy S ◽  
Prabhu K ◽  
Arudyuti Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Histopathological Changes

The nephroprotective prospective of Premna tomentosa extract against Alcohol induced nephrotoxicity in rats was investigated in the present study. The characterization of ethanol extract of Premna tomentosa (EPT) was performed using standard phytochemical analysis. Male albino wistar rats 36 in numbers were divided into 6 groups including control, negative control, positive control and various doses of EPT Treated groups; Nephrotoxicity was induced by alcohol (1ml/100gm b.wt) in animals. Rats intoxicated with Alcohol were fed with 500, 750 mg/kg dose of EPT and Liv 52 (1ml/100gm b.wt) for 60 days. Results show that EPT (500mg/kg b.wt) had a significant effect against alcohol induced nephrotoxicity in rats than EPT (750mg/kg b.wt) in blood parameters and consonantly good histopathological changes in kidney. The deleterious histopathological alterations in kidney associated with glomerular and tubular changes in alcohol intoxicated rats was evident. This result shows Premna tomentosa may be used as supplementary drug for alcoholics.

scholarly journals Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Apoptotic Effects of Azolla pinnata Ethanolic Extract against Lead-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1014
Author(s):  
Ahmed Shaaban Abd Elrasoul ◽  
Ahmed Abdelmoniem Mousa ◽  
Sahar Hassan Orabi ◽  
Mostafa Abd El-Gaber Mohamed ◽  
Shaban M. Gad-Allah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
The Third ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The current study investigated the protective potential of Azolla pinnate ethanolic extract (APE) against lead-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Sixty male Wistar albino rats were randomly allocated into six groups (n = 10). The control group was orally administrated with saline. The second group received lead acetate (100 mg/kg body weight (BW) orally for 60 days). The third group was fed with APE (10 mg/kg BW orally for 60 days). The fourth group was administrated with lead acetate like the second group and APE like the third group, concomitantly, for 60 days. The fifth group was administrated with APE like the third group for 30 days, then orally administrated with the lead acetate like the second group for another 30 days. The sixth group was administrated with lead acetate like the second group for 30 days, then with APE like the third group for a further 30 days. Phytochemical analysis of APE indicated the presence of peonidin 3-O-glucoside cation, vitexin, rutin, thiamine, choline, tamarixetin, hyperoside, astragalin, and quercetin. The latter has been elucidated using one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (1D and 2D NMR) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS-MS). Lead acetate increased the serum levels of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases and that of urea, creatinine, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 1β, hepatic tissue malondialdehyde contents, and caspase 3 protein expression, as well as altering the hepatic tissue architecture. However, it decreased the serum levels of interleukin 10 and glutathione (GSH) contents, and the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in hepatic tissue. In contrast, the administration of APE ameliorated the lead-induced alterations in liver function and structure, exemplifying the benefits of Azolla’s phytochemical contents. Collectively, A. pinnate extract is a protective and curative agent against lead-induced hepatotoxicity via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic impacts.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Cardioprotective Effect of Citrullus lanatus (Watermelon) Seeds in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Albino Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
C. O. L. Karikpo ◽  
E. S. Bartimaeus ◽  
B. Holy
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Glucose Levels

The study examined the cardioprotective potential of the ethanolic extract of Citrullus lanatus in streptozotocin induced diabetic albino rats. A total of sixty albino rats weighing approximately ± 200 g were used. The induction of diabetes in the rats was done using 50 mg/kg body weight of streptozotocin and confirmed by checking glucose levels using a glucometer. Albino rats with glucose levels greater than ≥ 250 mg/dl were considered diabetic. The rats were divided into 5 groups of 12 animals each and allowed access to food and water ad libitum. The animals had a 12 hour overnight fast after which diabetes was induced by injecting them intraperitoneally with streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). The control (group A) was not induced while diabetic control was induced. Induced diabetic rats in groups C, D and E were later treated with C. lantus at a dose of 100 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg body weight respectively for 14 and 28 days respectively. After 14 days, 6 rats in each of the groups were sacrificed while the remaining 6 were sacrificed after 28 days. Blood samples were collected into lithium heparin bottles and used for the assay of cardiac enzymes (creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase) using standard procedures. The data obtained were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the difference between means was obtained using Tukey's multiple tests of comparison. Analyses showed that the levels of creatine kinase (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) in the albino rats treated with C. lanatus were significantly (p<0.05) reduced when compared with the diabetic-induced group without treatment and the decrease was dose-dependent. A significant decrease (p<0.05) in the levels of the enzymes was also observed based on the duration of treatment with the extract. Since the enzymes are markers of cardiac injury, the decrease in their activity following treatment with C. lanatus shows that the extract possesses the significant cardioprotective potential of ameliorating structural integrity of the cardiac muscle in diabetic condition.

scholarly journals Anti-snake Venom Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Crinum jagus Bulb

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
A. H. Zailani ◽  
P. K. Magaji ◽  
S. Sarkiyayi ◽  
A. U. Wurochekke
Keyword(s):  
Snake Venom ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Design Evaluation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

Aim: To determine the anti-snake venom effect of crude aqueous and ethanolic extracts and separated fractions of Crinum jagus bulb on rats injected with Echis ocellatus venom. Study Design: Evaluation of LD50 of venom, anti-lethal effects of different extract preparations and their effect on neutralising haemorrhage; the hallmark of Echis ocellatus venom toxicity. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry laboratory, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria between March and October 2017. Methodology: venom was collected by the milking method. Fractionation of crude extracts was done by column chromatography separately with benzene/methanol, acetic acid/methanol and ethyl acetate/methanol. Thirty rats were used determine LD50 of venom while twenty-four albino rats were used in the anti-venom study; divided into 6 groups of 4 rats each. Group one served as the normal control, group two served as venom untreated control while groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 were injected with 0.2 mg/mL Echis ocellatus venom and treated with 200 mg/kg body weight crude extracts, fractions I, II and III respectively then observed for 24 hours. Results: LD50 of venom was found to be 5 mg/mL; column chromatography of crude extracts gave three fractions each designated I, II and III respectively. Phytochemical analysis of both crude aqueous and ethanolic extract of Crinum jagus bulb revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, tannins and phenolics. Only fraction III of both aqueous and ethanolic extract maintained all phytochemicals from the crude. Both extracts and their fractions were all able to neutralise the venom. For the aqueous extract, the crude extract and fraction III gave the best result while for the ethanolic extract, fractions II and III caused the best neutralisation. Conclusion: Crinum jagus bulb has demonstrated significant anti-venom activity, this can be exploited for the development of new anti-snake venom drugs.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Properties and Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Pulcria crispa on Biochemical and Hematological Parameters of Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Haytham M. Daradka ◽  
Ramadan Al- Shdefat ◽  
Areej A. Eskandrani
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Different Doses

Background: Pulcria crispa (P. crispa) is an herbal plant traditionally used to treat common ailments. Objective: In this study, we investigated P. crispa for its phytochemical constituents, antioxidant properties and effects on biochemical and hematological parameters as well as safety in albino rats. Methods: Phytochemical analysis of ethanolic extract of P. crispa was conducted using standard procedures. In vitro 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power assay were used for the investigation of antioxidant activity of extract. Acute effects on physical and behavioral changes and mortality were monitored up to 72 h after administration of different doses of C. crispa  Chronic effects on body to organ ratio, biochemical and hematological parameters were measured after administration of rats with different doses of P. crispa extract for 30 days. Results: Alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols and tannins were the most abundant constituents found in P. crispa extract, which displayed a significant antioxidant activity measured by reducing power and DPPH assays. No physical, behavioral changes and mortality were noted following the acute treatment of rats with the extract. Similarly, no significant change in body to organ weight ratio was observed after chronic treatment. Hematological parameters including RBCs, Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH and MCHC values were unaltered while W.B.C count was elevated in P.crispa administered rats compared to control. crispa extract significantly reduced glucose, urea, creatinine, cholesterol, bilirubin, AST and ALT levels, whereas, triglycerides and total protein levels were increased in response to P.crispa treatment. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that P. crispa extract is rich in bioactive compounds and possesses significant antioxidant properties. Extract was also found to be safe and had no significant adverse effects on hematological parameters and exerted beneficial effects on biochemical parameters.

scholarly journals Phytochemical, Antibacterial and Toxicity Study of Leaf Extracts of Vernonia amygdalina, Delile on Salmonella Species

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
A. A. Farouq ◽  
G. D. Muomara ◽  
A. M. Magashi ◽  
S. M. Jodi ◽  
M. K. Nata’ala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate the bioactive compounds, toxicity and anti-bacterial activities of leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina. Methodology: The phytochemical analysis of Vernonia amygdalina to detect the presence of bioactive compounds (oxalate, tannins, saponins, flavonoid, cardiac glycoside, alkaloids, steroid, balsams, essential oil and saponin glycoside) was performed using standard methods. The antibacterial activity of the leaf extracts was determined using agar well diffusion method against clinical isolates of Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi. The toxicity testing was carried out with albino rats using standard method. Results: Different secondary metabolites were found to be present in the leaf extracts after the phytochemical screening. They include tannins, saponins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, glycosides, steroid, saponin glycoside, volatile oil and Balsams. Highest zone of inhibition of 10.0 mm and 20.0 mm was recorded against S. typhi and S. paratyphi aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the leaves respectively. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 100 mg/ml of the aqueous extract was recorded against S. typhi and S. paratyphi. A MIC of 25 mg/ml of the ethanolic extract was recorded against S. typhi and S. paratyphi. The acute toxicity tests reveal no occurrence of death after 2 weeks of administering 5000 mg/kg body weight of the extracts to the albino rats. Conclusion: The results revealed promising potentials of the leaves of V. amygdalina in the treatment of infectious diseases, due to its low toxicity. However, further studies need to be conducted to isolate and characterize the active metabolites present in the leaves.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document