scholarly journals The effect of different dietary vitamin and mineral levels on certain production parameters, including egg shell characteristics of breeding ostriches

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
TS Brand ◽  
GA Tesselaar ◽  
LC Hoffman ◽  
Z Brand
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Commercial Diet

Earlier studies on breeding birds indicated no effect of dietary energy-content on feed intake. This observation is contradictory to results for other animals and/or poultry where feed intake decreases with an increase in dietary energy level. Literature revealed that a lack of certain nutrients may cause animals to consume more feed than necessary to satisfy their nutrient requirements for these limiting nutrients. In this study eight diet groups were evaluated. A standard commercial diet plus one of the following supplements: (i) Standard diet without a vitamin and mineral premix pack (control diet), (ii) with a normal premix pack, (iii) with normal vitamin and 2 x trace elements (M x 2), (iv) with normal trace elements and 2 x vitamins, (v) with a normal premix pack and limestone added as calcium source; (vi) with a normal premix pack and monocalcium phosphate added as phosphorus source, (vii) with a normal premix pack and soybean oilcake added as crude protein source, (viii) with a normal premix pack and linseed added as a fatty acid source. Significant differences were recorded in the quantity of feed ingested by birds between the diet with surplus minerals (M x 2) (Group 3) (2.3 ± 0.3 kg/bird/day), the diet with no vitamins and minerals added (Group 1) (2.7 ± 0.3 kg/bird/day) and the diet with added fatty acids in the form of linseed (Group 5) (2.9 ± 0.5 kg/bird/day). This indicates the possibility that ostriches may adjust feed intake to satisfy their mineral requirements. No statistically significant relationship was found between the thickness and strength of the shell. Significant differences in shell strength (mean value of 154.7, 109.9, 140.4, 142.7, 153.0, 143.4, 138.4 and 151.1 N/cm2, respectively) were found between all treatments, but no specific pattern could be identified. Results further revealed no effect of dietary treatment on egg production, dead-in-shell eggs (DIS), infertile eggs or chick production. Further experiments that include certain dietary treatments during the five months rest period are currently being done to quantify the effect of the addition of minerals and vitamins during this period on the production of breeding ostriches.Keywords: Eggshell strength; feed intake, minerals, vitamins

AN EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN DIETARY PARAMETERS AND RUMEN LIQUID TURNOVER RATE

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
ESSI EVANS
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Ration Composition

Data were accumulated from published sources and were combined in order to estimate the effects of level of feed intake, dietary energy concentration, energy intake level and dietary forage percentage on rumen liquid turnover rates in sheep and cattle. The effects of the dietary parameters on liquid turnover rates were estimated by regression analysis, where all possible combinations of independent variables were considered. It was found that rumen liquid turnover rates increased (P < 0.05) as feed intake increased with both sheep (r = 0.610) and cattle (r = 0.715). From multiple regression analyses it was learned that the inclusion of independent variables that were related to the physical composition of the diet along with variables for intake improved the estimation of liquid turnover rates, although the independent variable related to ration composition differed between sheep and cattle. With data from sheep experiments, elevations in the digestible energy content of the diet depressed (P < 0.05) liquid turnover rate. Based upon data from cattle, decreases in the forage portion of the diet had a similar depressing (P < 0.05) effect.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF DIETARY VITAMIN E AND ZINC LEVELS ON PERFORMANCE AND LIPID OXIDATION IN FRESH AND STORED EGGS OF LAYING DUCKS

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Arif Darmawan ◽  
Sumiati Sumiati ◽  
Widya Hermana
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Organic Zinc ◽  
Zinc Levels

Vitamin E and zinc are necessary for preventing free radical damage to phospholipid membranes, enzymes and other important molecules. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary vitamin E and zinc levels on performance and lipid oxidation in fresh and stored eggs of laying duck. A total of 90 of 22 weeks old ducks were randomly divided into 15 experimental units by assigning a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment diets were R1 (control diet), R2 (R1+40 IU vitamin E), R3 (R1+80 IU vitamin E), R4 (R1+100 ppm organic zinc), and R5 (R1+200 ppm organic zinc).The experiment was carried out for 8 wk. Parameters observed were feed intake, egg production, egg weight, feed conversion ratio, and Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) value. The results showed that increasing of vitamin E from 40 IU to 80 IU and zinc from 100 ppm to 200 ppm did not affect feed intake and egg weight. Otherwise, the dietary Vitamin E and organic zinc significantly decreased (P<0.05) feed conversion ratio and significantly increased (P<0.05) egg production and decreased (P<0.01) TBARS values. It is concluded that dietary 40 IU vitamin E or 100 ppm organic zinc could increase the performance of laying ducks and dietary 200 ppm organic zinc was more efective to be antioxidant than 40 and 80 IU vitamin E.   

scholarly journals Effect of Exogenous Enzymes on Egg Fertility Traits, Egg Production and Oviduct Micro-structure of Layer Birds

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-106
Author(s):  
I. C. Chibuogwu
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Micro Structure ◽  
Exogenous Enzyme ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Exogenous Enzymes ◽  
Fertility Traits ◽  
Egg Fertility

The effect of two classes of exogenous enzymes on the egg fertility traits, egg production efficiency and oviduct micro-structure of laying hens was evaluated. Forty-five laying hens (30-weeks old, 1.32-1.40 kg) were randomly allotted into three dietary treatments with fifteen birds per treatment (five birds each in three replicates per treatment) in a completely randomized design. Diet one served as the control diet. Diet two (FS diet) contained a nutrient-targeted exogenous enzyme preparation (Fullzyme®) at 200 g/ton, while diet three (DS diet) contained a mycotoxin-targeted exogenous enzyme preparation (Detoxizyme®) at 500 g/ton. Data on fertility traits (egg volume, length and breadth, weight, yolk diameter, albumen height, air cell, shell thickness, Haugh’s unit, and egg-lay), and egg production (feed intake, egg lay, egg lay efficiency, and feed cost per egg laid) were collected for 42 days. At the end of the experiment, three randomly selected birds per group were euthanized, and their oviducts were harvested and processed for histopathology. Hens fed enzyme supplemented diets had significantly (p < 0.05) better egg fertility traits. Feed intake in the control group did not vary (p > 0.05)from feed intake in the DS or FS group. However, feed cost per egg laid and egg-lay efficiency was higher in the control diet group than in the FS group or DS diet group. No pathologies were observed in the oviduct of birds fed enzymes supplemented or control diet. Exogenous enzymes in diet improved egg fertility traits and production without altering the oviduct micro-structure of Layer hens.

The effects of dietary energy content and level of feeding on the growth of Israeli-Friesian intact male cattle

1974 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Levy ◽  
Z. Holzer ◽  
H. Neumark ◽  
S. Amir
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Daily Gain

SUMMARYIn an experiment with group-fed cattle from 6 months of age to slaughter at 480 kg live weight two levels of feed intake: 1, ad libitum, 2, 85% of ad libitum amount, were combined with two ratios of concentrate to hay: a, 70: 30; b, 30: 70. In two further treatments, 3a and 3b, the cattle were fed diets a or b at 70% of ad libitum from 6 to 10 months and ad libitum thereafter.Daily gain during the first 124 days of the experiment was (in grams) 1293, 983, 1097, 846, 992 and 756, and from the 125th day to slaughter 735, 600, 796, 579, 830 and 714, for treatments la, lb, 2a, 2b, 3a and 3b, respectively. The decline in rate of gain from the first period to the second was inversely related to the level of feed intake and to the percentage of concentrates in the ration in the first period.Daily carcass gain was 582, 393, 532, 350, 531 and 368 g for treatments la, lb, 2a, 2b, 3a and 3b, respectively.The treatments that were switched over from 70% of ad libitum feed intake in the first period to 100% in the second (3a and 3b), exhibited considerable compensatory growth in the second period, but this was not sufficient to be of economic advantage.The overall ME requirement per kg of live-weight gain was inversely related to rate of gain. Of the six treatments, 2a (85% of ad libitum, 70% concentrate) was the most efficient (19·8 Mcal/kg live-weight gain).Animals on the 100% level of feed intake throughout the experiment (treatments la, lb) were significantly fatter than those on the other treatments.

scholarly journals Glycerin from biodiesel in the feeding of red-egg layers

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grazielly Stefany Pinto Fontinele ◽  
Silvana Cavalcante Bastos Leite ◽  
Carla Nágila Cordeiro ◽  
Cláudia De Castro Goulart ◽  
Adailton Camêlo Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of vegetable glycerin on performance and egg quality of red-egg layers in the second production cycle. A total of 252 Hy-Line Brown layers weighing 1.919 ± 0.095 kg, at 90 weeks, were used in a completely randomized design with six treatments and seven birds per replication. The experiment lasted 84 days. Treatments consisted of a control diet (no glycerin) and five diets with increasing levels of vegetable glycerin (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10%). The following variables were evaluated: feed intake (g/bird/day); egg production (%); egg weight (g); egg mass (g/bird/day); conversion per egg mass (kg kg) and per dozen eggs (kg/dz); percentages of albumen, yolk, and shell; eggshell thickness (mm); and egg specific gravity. (Y = 67.69 + 54.23X, R2 = 0.78) and egg mass (Y = 44.84 + 42.87X, R2 = 0.66) improved linearly with the glycerin levels. A quadratic effect was observed (Y = 114.11 + 336.96 X – 3,169.6 X2, R2 = 0.52) on feed intake. In conclusion, glycerin can be used to partially replace corn in diets for layers in the second production cycle at inclusion levels of up to 10%.

PSIII-3 Metabolizable utilization of energy and protein for egg production by addition of dried citrus pulp and eggshell into diet for laying quails (coturnix japonica)

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 292-292
Author(s):  
Carlos Alfredo Gaona Rodríguez ◽  
Hugo Bernal Barragán ◽  
Nydia Corina Vásquez Aguilar ◽  
Estela Garza Brenner ◽  
Néstor Arce Vázquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Citrus Pulp ◽  
Protein Energy

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of adding 0% (T1), 6% (T2), 12% (T3) and 18% (T4) of a mixture (83% dried citrus pulp (DCP) and 17% eggshell) into a sorghum-soybean meal-limestone based diet for laying quails, on production efficiency and quality of egg. Thirty-two quails were individually housed and randomly assigned (n = 8) to the four experimental diets, during the first 5 week of the laying cycle. Quail LW and feed intake were recorded weekly. Produced eggs were weighed (n = 457) and egg mass production recorded. Proportions of albumen, yolk and shell, egg yolk color, and shell thickness, were determined (n = 55/treatment). On week 5, total excreta of 24 laying quails (n = 6) were collected throughout 96 h, to determine metabolizable utilization of DM, energy, crude protein and ash. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS® software. Initial and final LW, feed intake and egg production were similar (P &gt;0.05) among treatments. Egg mass was higher (P &lt; 0.05) in T2 than T4. Egg weight of quails fed T1 and T2 was higher than others (P &lt; 0.05). The eggshell of quails fed T2 was thicker (248 vs 236 μm; P &lt; 0.05) than T1. Eggshell proportion of quails fed the mixture was higher (P &lt; 0.05) than in T1 (11.3 vs 10.5%). Yolk proportion of T1 was higher (P &lt; 0.05). The b* parameter was lower (P &lt; 0.05) for T1. Metabolizable utilization of dietary DM (72.1%) and energy (68.8%) of T1 was 13% higher (P &lt; 0.05) than T4, however protein (avg 41.4%) and ash (avg 46.7%) utilization were similar (P &gt; 0.05) among treatments. In conclusion, adding up to 12% of the mixture (83% DCP and 17% eggshell) in quail diets, resulted in similar egg production parameters, and metabolizable utilization of dietary DM, crude protein, energy and ash, however improved thickness of eggshell, compared to the control diet.

Effect of an ethanolic extract from Enterolobium cyclocarpum pods on feed intake, egg production, and plasma lipid profile of laying hens

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ronald Herve Santos Ricalde ◽  
Paloma Lopez Lopez ◽  
Luis Sarmiento Franco ◽  
Carlos Sandoval Castro ◽  
Jose Segura Correa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Plasma Lipid Profile ◽  
Enterolobium Cyclocarpum

There is concern about egg cholesterol content. In this study, the effect of an ethanolic extract from Enterolobium cyclocarpum (EEEC) pods in laying hen diets on egg production and plasma lipid profile was investigated. EEEC was added in 0 mg/kg, 60 mg/kg, 120 mg/kg, 240 mg/kg, and 480 mg/kg to the diets. Feed intake was lower in laying hens fed diets with 480 mg/kg of EEEC (p < 0.05). Albumen was less heavy and wide in laying hens fed diets with EEEC, in comparison to those in the control diet (p < 0.05). No significant effect of EEEC on cholesterol in plasma was observed (p < 0.08); however, a significant increase of high-density lipids (HDL) in proportion of total cholesterol was observed in hens supplemented with 120 mg/kg of EEEC (p < 0.05). In conclusion, EEEC reduced albumen weight and wide in eggs, and 120 mg/kg of EEEC in the diet increased HDL in proportion to total cholesterol in blood.

Feed intake, growth rate and some anatomical characteristics of broilers fed commercial diets supplemented with green feeds

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Etela ◽  
G.A. Kalio ◽  
A. Monsi ◽  
E.V. Ezieshi
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Intestinal Length ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Broiler Diet

AbstractA study was conducted on the Teaching and Research Farm of the Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Nigeria to evaluate the nutritional suitability of four treatments, namely a commercial type broiler diet as compared with the commercial diet supplemented with either fresh centrosema (Centrosema molle), pueraria (Pueraria phaseoloides), or waterleaf (Talinium triangulare) leaves. These diets were fed to 120 day-old chicks (Lohmann Brown) over a 62-day period with treatments arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD). Chemical composition of broiler basal diets differed significantly from the three green foliage supplements. Dry matter (DM) of leaf meals ranged from 97.8 to 227.0 g kg−1 which was significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of broiler basal diets which averaged 900 g kg−1. Crude protein (CP) of leaf meals, however, ranged from 182.0 to 244.0 g kg−1 which was generally higher than basal diets (130–153 g kg−1). Similarly, crude fiber (CF) was highest for centrosema and pueraria leaves (330–342 g kg−1) and lowest in basal diets (164–222 g kg−1). However, ether extract (EE) and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) were significantly higher in broiler basal diets. Broiler daily and total feed intake over 62 days were similar between treatments and the control, averaging 112 g d−1, while diets containing waterleaf were slightly (2.5%) lower. Total and daily bodyweight (BW) gains (2110 g and 34 g d−1) were also similar between treatments and the control, except that gains where the broiler diet was supplemented with centrosema foliage were 2.9% higher. A higher feed conversion ratio (FCR) and lower protein efficiency ratio (PER) for the diet supplemented with pueraria indicates a higher feed efficiency and better protein efficiency in the commercial control diet. Carcass characteristics with the commercial control diet included greater (P<0.05) intestinal length and gizzard and spleen weights than with green foliage supplements. However, broiler carcass weight was generally lowest (P<0.05) in the control group (64.3 g/100 g BW) and highest in the waterleaf group (71.3 g/100 g BW). Small differences in carcass weight among the treatments tested reduces the effectiveness of green feeds for practical and economic intensive broiler production. However, increased effectiveness of green feed supplementation for broiler production might likely be observed where broilers are managed on fenced rangelands planted to selected green feeds or in integrated systems where other livestock (rabbits, sheep, goats, etc.) are jointly reared. These results support the recommendation that leaf meals of green feeds should be incorporated into broiler diets in future studies.

Response of broilers to dietary levels of thevetia cake

1995 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. Atteh ◽  
S. A. Ibiyemi ◽  
A. O. Ojo
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Dietary Level ◽  
The University ◽  
Broiler Feed

SUMMARYTwo experiments done at the University of Ilorin, Nigeria, in 1992/93 investigated the effects of dietary levels of thevetia cake on the performance and nutrient retention of broilers. In Expt 1, dayold broiler chicks were fed either a control diet or diets containing 5, 10 or 15% thevetia cake during a 4-week period. In Expt 2, day-old broiler chicks were fed a standard diet until 4 weeks of age and were then switched to diets containing 0, 5, 10 or 15% thevetia cake. Inclusion of thevetia cake in broiler diets, irrespective of level of inclusion, drastically reduced feed intake and weight gain (p < 0·01) at both the starter and finisher stages. Dietary thevetia cake also caused a significant increase in mortality rate (P < 0·01). There was a reduction in protein and fibre retention and dietary ME with increases in the dietary level of thevetia cake at both the starter and finisher stages (P < 0·05). It is concluded that thevetia cake is toxic to broilers and needs further processing before it can effectively be used as an ingredient in broiler feed.

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