scholarly journals ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF TRICHODERMA VIRIDAE, CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA EXTRACT AGAINST FUNGAL PATHOGENS OF JUTE PLANT.

2020 ◽  
pp. 343-348
Author(s):  
Kabiraj Khadka ◽  
Jenish Shakya ◽  
Bidhya Dhungana ◽  
Hemanta Khana ◽  
Bijay Kumar Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Calotropis Gigantea ◽  
Fusarium Rot ◽  
Fungal Phytopathogens ◽  
And Control

Jute is infected by more than 12 types of phytopathogenic fungi. Charcoal rot, anthracnose and Fusarium rot are major jute diseases of eastern Nepal. Hence, the objective of this study was to control three fungal pathogens viz; Macrophominia phaseolinia, Fusarium solani and Colletotrichum species using Trichoderma viridae and Calotropis gigantea extract. All fungal pathogens were isolated from jute field. Occurrence of each disease was checked. Calotropis gigantea extract as well as Trichoderma showed good antifungal activity. In this study, 7% methanolic extract solution of Calotropis showed 43.6% inhibition of Colletotrichum, 38.91% inhibition on Fusarium solani and 37.81% inhibition on Macrophominia phaseolinia. Similarly, Trichoderma viridae inhibited the Fusarium solani growth by 51.33%, Macrophominia phaseolinia growth by 39.50% and Colletotrichum growth by 36.12%. The antifungal activity of Calotropis extract against test and control was statistically significant (p<0.001). It is concluded that biological control agents like Trichoderma viridae, Calotropis gigantea can effectively reduce the fungal phytopathogens of jute and can be used as good alternatives to fungicides in farming

scholarly journals Inhibition of agronomically relevant fungal phytopathogens by tyrocidines, cyclic antimicrobial peptides isolated from Bacillus aneurinolyticus

Microbiology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 160 (9) ◽  
pp. 2089-2101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anscha M. Troskie ◽  
Abré de Beer ◽  
Johan A. Vosloo ◽  
Karin Jacobs ◽  
Marina Rautenbach
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Main Mode ◽  
Sytox Green ◽  
Fungal Phytopathogens

The tyrocidines, a complex of analogous cyclic decapeptides produced by Bacillus aneurinolyticus, exhibited noteworthy activity against a range of phytopathogenic fungi, including Fusarium verticillioides, Fusarium solani and Botrytis cinerea. The activity of the tyrocidine peptide complex (Trc mixture) and purified tyrocidines exhibited minimum inhibition concentrations below 13 µg ml−1 (~10 µM) and was significantly more potent than that of the commercial imidazole fungicide, bifonazole. Although the tyrocidines’ activity was negatively influenced by the presence of Ca2+, it remained unaffected by the presence of Mg2+, Na+ and K+. Microscopic analysis revealed significant impact on the morphology of F. solani and Bot. cinerea including retarded germination and hyperbranching of hyphae. Studies with membrane-impermeable dyes, SYTOX green and propidium iodide suggested that the main mode of action of tyrocidines involves the disruption of fungal membrane integrity. Because of the tyrocidines’ broad spectrum and potent antifungal activity, possible multiple targets reducing the risk of overt resistance and general salt tolerance, they are promising candidates that warrant further investigation as bio-fungicides.

scholarly journals The Potential Use of Isothermal Amplification Assays for In-Field Diagnostics of Plant Pathogens

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2424
Author(s):  
Aleksandr V. Ivanov ◽  
Irina V. Safenkova ◽  
Anatoly V. Zherdev ◽  
Boris B. Dzantiev
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Diagnostics ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Nucleic Acid Detection ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Fungal Phytopathogens ◽  
Highly Sensitive Detection ◽  
And Control

Rapid, sensitive, and timely diagnostics are essential for protecting plants from pathogens. Commonly, PCR techniques are used in laboratories for highly sensitive detection of DNA/RNA from viral, viroid, bacterial, and fungal pathogens of plants. However, using PCR-based methods for in-field diagnostics is a challenge and sometimes nearly impossible. With the advent of isothermal amplification methods, which provide amplification of nucleic acids at a certain temperature and do not require thermocyclic equipment, going beyond the laboratory has become a reality for molecular diagnostics. The amplification stage ceases to be limited by time and instruments. Challenges to solve involve finding suitable approaches for rapid and user-friendly plant preparation and detection of amplicons after amplification. Here, we summarize approaches for in-field diagnostics of phytopathogens based on different types of isothermal amplification and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. In this review, we consider a combination of isothermal amplification methods with extraction and detection methods compatible with in-field phytodiagnostics. Molecular diagnostics in out-of-lab conditions are of particular importance for protecting against viral, bacterial, and fungal phytopathogens in order to quickly prevent and control the spread of disease. We believe that the development of rapid, sensitive, and equipment-free nucleic acid detection methods is the future of phytodiagnostics, and its benefits are already visible.

scholarly journals Facile synthesis and antifungal activity of dithiocarbamate derivatives bearing an amide moiety

2015 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 1367-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Wen Li ◽  
Shu-Tao Li
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Facile Synthesis ◽  
Dithiocarbamate Derivatives

A series of novel dithiocarbamate derivatives bearing amide moiety 3a-3i and 4a-4i were synthesized by a facile method, and the structures of these derivatives were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Their antifungal activity against five phytopathogenic fungi were evaluated, and the results showed that most of the target compounds displayed low antifungal activity in vitro against Gibberella zeae, Cytospora sp., Collectotrichum gloeosporioides, Alternaria solani, and Fusarium solani at concentration of 100 mg/L. Compound 4f and 4g exhibited significant activity against Alternaria solani and Collectotrichum gloeosporioides, respectively.

scholarly journals Síntesis de nanopartículas de cobre para el control de hongos fitopatógenos

2018 ◽  
pp. 109-116
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
X Ray

Síntesis de nanopartículas de cobre para el control de hongos fitopatógenos Nicolaza Pariona1, L. A. Hermida-Montero1, Arturo I. Mtz-Enriquez2, D. Sánchez-Rangel1,3, Gloria Carrión1, Daniel Lopez-Lima1, Greta Rosas-Saito1, Benjamin Rodriguez-Hass1 y Zelene Duran-Barradas1. 1 Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, 91070 Xalapa, Veracruz, México. 2 Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN Unidad Saltillo, Av. Industria Metalúrgica 1062, Parque Industrial Ramos Arizpe, 25900 Coahuila, México 3 Cátedra CONACYT en el Instituto de Ecología A.C., 91070 Xalapa, Veracruz, México. Recibido 11 de noviembre del 2018, Revisado el 12 de diciembre de 2018. Aceptado el 14 de diciembre de 2018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2018.0017/ Resumen Los hongos fitopatógenos son uno de los mayores problemas que afecta al sector agrícola, causando pérdidas que sobrepasan miles de millones de dólares al año. Aunado a esto, la resistencia antifúngica dificulta el control de los hongos fitopatógenos y es necesario encontrar alternativas de control de bajo costo y no contaminen el ambiente. Por lo anterior, el objetivo principal de este proyecto fue sintetizar nanopartículas de cobre (NPs-Cu) y evaluar su actividad antifúngica contra diferentes hongos fitopatógenos. Las NPs-Cu se sintetizaron por el método de reducción y se caracterizaron mediante la técnica de Difracción de Rayos X (DRX) y Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido (MEB). La evaluación de actividad antifúngica de las NPs-Cu se realizaron contra cinco especies de hongos fitopatógenos (Fusarium solani, Fusarium verticillioides, Verticillium dahlie, Neofusicoccum sp. y Fusarium oxysporum). Los resultados demostraron que el efecto antifúngico de las NPs-Cu depende de la concentración utilizada y especie de hongo. Por lo tanto, las NPs-Cu obtenidas tienen potencial aplicación el control de agentes fitopatógenos. Descriptores: Nanopartículas, antifúngicos, Fusarium Abstract Phytopathogenic fungi are one of the biggest problems affecting the agricultural sector, causing losses that exceed billions of dollars per year. In addition to this, antifungal resistance hinders the control of phytopathogenic fungi and it is necessary to find control alternatives of low cost that do not contaminate the environment. Therefore, the main objective of this project was to synthesize copper nanoparticles (NPs-Cu) and evaluate their antifungal activity against different phytopathogenic fungi. NPs-Cu were synthesized by the reduction method and characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The antifungal activity evaluation of the NPs-Cu was carried out against five species of phytopathogenic fungi (Fusarium solani, Fusarium verticillioides, Verticillium dahlie, Neofusicoccum sp, and Fusarium oxysporum). The results showed that the antifungal effect of NPs-Cu depends on the concentration used and species of fungus. Therefore, the NPs-Cu obtained have potential application to control phytopathogenic agents. Keywords: Nanoparticles, antifungal, Fusarium.

scholarly journals Identification of pathogenic fungi in garlic bulbs during storage and in the root zone during plant growth

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
M. A. Filyushin ◽  
O. A. Danilova ◽  
T. M. Seredin
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Genus Fusarium ◽  
Fungal Phytopathogens

Relevance and methods. Losses of agricultural crops are associated not only with the development of diseases during the growing season, but also during post-harvest storage. Garlic is a popular vegetable and aromatic crop in world. Significant losses in garlic yield during cultivation and storage are associated with fungal pathogens, the most harmful of which are representatives of the genus Fusarium. In the Moscow region, the defeat of garlic by Fusarium occurs annually, but with varying intensity. At the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (FSVC), it was shown that rot and wilting of garlic plants is caused by a complex of pathogenic fungi, including mainly different species of Fusarium. At the same time, the ratio of Fusarium species in the pathogenic complex changes from year to year, new Fusarium species and their races are registered. The aim of this study was to identify fungal phytopathogens causing dry rot of garlic cloves during post-harvest storage. To carry out the work, garlic bulbs of cultivars Dubkovsky and Strelets were taken from the FSVC storage.Results. As a result of visual examination, cloves with symptoms of dry rot were identified. The diseased cloves tissues were plated on potato dextrose agar to obtain fungal colonies. Analysis of the morphological and cultural characteristics of fungal isolates, as well as the nucleotide sequences of four DNA regions (ITS spacers, genes EF1α, RPB1, and RPB2) showed that the causative agent of dry rot of garlic cloves is the pathogenic fungus Fusarium proliferatum. In addition, in the field, identification was carried out based on the analysis of the sequences of spacers ITS and the EF1αgene of phytopathogenic fungi inhabiting the root zone of garlic plants. As a result, two species of fungi of the genus Fusarium (F. proliferatum and F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae), as well as the species Rhizoctonia solani, Volutella rosea, and Ceratobasidium sp. were found in the root zone of garlic cultivars.

Synthesis and Antifungal Activities of Drimane-Amide Derivatives from Sclareol

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 501-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miaofeng Ma ◽  
Jili Feng ◽  
Dezhi Wang ◽  
Shu-Wei Chen ◽  
Hui Xu
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Amide Derivatives

Aim and Objective: Plant diseases are caused by fungal pathogens lead to severe economic losses in many agriculture crops. And the increasing resistance of many fungi to commonly used antifungal agents necessitates the discovery and development of new fungicides. So this study was focused on synthesizing novel skeleton compounds to effectively control plant diseases. Materials and Methods: A series of drimane-amide derivatives were designed, synthesized by aminolysis reaction of amine with intermediate sclareolide which was prepared from sclareol. The structures of all the synthesized compounds were confirmed using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS (ESI) spectroscopic data. Their in vitro antifungal activity were preliminarily evaluated by using the mycelium growth rate method against five phytopathogenic fungi: Botrytis cinerea, Glomerella cingulata, Alternaria alternate, Alternaria brassicae, and Fusarium graminearum. Results: 23 target compounds were successfully obtained in yields of 52-95%. Compounds A2 and A3 displayed favorable inhibitory potency against B. cinerea, G. cingulata and A. brassicae with IC50 values ranging from 3.18 to 10.48 µg/mL. These two compounds displayed higher fungicidal activity than sclareol against all the tested phytopathogenic fungi, and were more effective than the positive control thiabendazole against A. alternate and A. brassicae. The structure-activity relationship studies of compounds A1-10 indicated that both the position and type of substituent on the phenyl ring had significant effects on antifungal activity. Conclusion: The drimane-amide derivatives A2 and A3 were the most promising derivatives and should be selected as new templates for the potential antifungal agents.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Semecarpus anacardium Linn. Oil against Four Phytopathogenic Fungi

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-44
Author(s):  
Aarti Patil ◽  
Sadat Quazi
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Semecarpus Anacardium ◽  
Poisoned Food Technique ◽  
Almost All ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

The present study was undertaken to evaluate in-vitro antifungal activity of Semecarpus anacardium Linn. oil against four fungal pathogens, viz. Curvularia penniseti, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris and Helminthosporium maydis using poisoned food technique. The DMSO extract of S.anacardium oil was found to be more or less active against almost all tested pathogenic fungi with a varied spectrum of reduced growth. C.lunata has shown 93.3% inhibition and F.oxysporum and H.maydis have shown 94.4% inhibition and 100% mycelial inhibitions at 15% and 18% concentrations of the extract respectively. Whereas, C.penniseti was found to be quite sensitive that showed 88.9 inhibitions at 10% concentration but it showed 100% inhibition at 18% concentration.  

scholarly journals Lupeol acetate as a potent antifungal compound against opportunistic human and phytopathogenic mold Macrophomina phaseolina

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabnam Javed ◽  
Zaid Mahmood ◽  
Khalid Mohammed Khan ◽  
Satyajit D. Sarker ◽  
Arshad Javaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Oleanolic Acid ◽  
Vanillic Acid ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Antifungal Compound ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Lupeol Acetate

AbstractAntifungal activity of Monothecabuxifolia methanolic extract and its various fractions were assessed against Macrophominaphaseolina, a soil-borne fungal pathogen of more than 500 vegetal species as well as rare and emerging opportunistic human pathogen. Different concentrations of methanolic extract (3.125 to 200 mg mL−1) inhibited fungal biomass by 39–45%. Isolated n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions suppressed fungal biomass by 32–52%, 29–50% and 29–35%, respectively. Triterpenes lupeol and lupeol acetate (1, 2) were isolated from n-hexane while betulin, β-sitosterol, β-amyrin, oleanolic acid (3–6) were isolated from chloroform fraction. Vanillic acid, protocatechuic acid, kaempferol and quercetin (7–10) were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction and identified using various spectroscopic techniques namely mass spectroscopy and NMR. Antifungal activity of different concentrations (0.0312 to 2 mg mL−1) of the isolated compounds was evaluated and compared with the activity of a broad spectrum fungicide mancozeb. Different concentrations of mencozeb reduced fungal biomass by 83–85%. Among the isolated compounds lupeol acetate (2) was found the highest antifungal against M.phaseolina followed by betulin (3), vanillic acid (7), protocatechuic acid (8), β-amyrin (5) and oleanolic acid (6) resulting in 79–81%, 77–79%, 74–79%, 67–72%, 68–71% and 68–71%, respectively. Rest of the compounds also showed considerable antifungal activity and reduced M.phaseolina biomass by 41–64%.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Chemical Constituents from Piper pesaresanum C. DC. and Derivatives against Phytopathogen Fungi of Cocoa

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3256
Author(s):  
Luis C. Chitiva-Chitiva ◽  
Cristóbal Ladino-Vargas ◽  
Luis E. Cuca-Suárez ◽  
Juliet A. Prieto-Rodríguez ◽  
Oscar J. Patiño-Ladino
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Chemical Study ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Benzoic Acid Derivatives ◽  
First Time

In this study, the antifungal potential of chemical constituents from Piper pesaresanum and some synthesized derivatives was determined against three phytopathogenic fungi associated with the cocoa crop. The methodology included the phytochemical study on the aerial part of P. pesaresanum, the synthesis of some derivatives and the evaluation of the antifungal activity against the fungi Moniliophthora roreri, Fusarium solani and Phytophthora sp. The chemical study allowed the isolation of three benzoic acid derivatives (1–3), one dihydrochalcone (4) and a mixture of sterols (5–7). Seven derivatives (8–14) were synthesized from the main constituents, of which compounds 9, 10, 12 and 14 are reported for the first time. Benzoic acid derivatives showed strong antifungal activity against M. roreri, of which 11 (3.0 ± 0.8 µM) was the most active compound with an IC50 lower compared with positive control Mancozeb® (4.9 ± 0.4 µM). Dihydrochalcones and acid derivatives were active against F. solani and Phytophthora sp., of which 3 (32.5 ± 3.3 µM) and 4 (26.7 ± 5.3 µM) were the most active compounds, respectively. The preliminary structure–activity relationship allowed us to establish that prenylated chains and the carboxyl group are important in the antifungal activity of benzoic acid derivatives. Likewise, a positive influence of the carbonyl group on the antifungal activity for dihydrochalcones was deduced.

scholarly journals Biodirected Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Honey Solutions and Evaluation of Their Antifungal Activity against Pathogenic Candida Spp.

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7715
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Czernel ◽  
Dominika Bloch ◽  
Arkadiusz Matwijczuk ◽  
Jolanta Cieśla ◽  
Monika Kędzierska-Matysek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Honey Solution ◽  
Diffusion Assay

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using aqueous honey solutions with a concentration of 2%, 10%, and 20%—AgNPs-H2, AgNPs-H10, and AgNPs-H20. The reaction was conducted at 35 °C and 70 °C. Additionally, nanoparticles obtained with the citrate method (AgNPs-C), while amphotericin B (AmB) and fluconazole were used as controls. The presence and physicochemical properties of AgNPs was affirmed by analyzing the sample with ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) and fluorescence spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The 20% honey solution caused an inhibition of the synthesis of nanoparticles at 35 °C. The antifungal activity of the AgNPs was evaluated using opportunistic human fungal pathogens Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis. The antifungal effect was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disc diffusion assay. The highest activity in the MIC tests was observed in the AgNPs-H2 variant. AgNPs-H10 and AgNPs-H20 showed no activity or even stimulated fungal growth. The results of the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion susceptibility test for C. parapsilosis strains indicated stronger antifungal activity of AgNPs-H than fluconazole. The study demonstrated that the antifungal activity of AgNPs is closely related to the concentration of honey used for the synthesis thereof.

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