scholarly journals Kandungan Energi Bruto, Energi Tercerna dan Energi Metabolis Pakan Cair Fermentasi Berbahan Biji Asam Utuh pada Babi Grower

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Redempta Wea ◽  
Bernadete Barek Koten ◽  
Christian Abimayu Morelaka
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Liquid Feed ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Gross Energy

Tamarind seeds have a high energy content but have limited use for pigs because the seed coat is tough and contains anti-nutrient tannins. Therefore, liquid feed fermentation technology is carried out. The aim of this research was to assess the gross energy, digestible energy, and metabolic energy content of liquid feed fermentation (Lff) with different fermentation times in growing pigs. The research materials were whole tamarind seeds, bran, corn, meat and bone meal, and soybean meal. The study used a completely randomized design and consisted of 5 treatments and 5 replications. Treatment = Lf0: Lff time 0 days; Lf1: Lff for 7 days, Lf2: Lff for 14 days, Lf3: Lff for 21days, Lf4: Lff for 28 days fermentation. The research variables were the energy content of the ration and the prediction of digestible energy and metabolic energy value. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Duncan's advanced test. The results showed that the Lff with different fermentation time had a significant effect (P <0,05) on gross energy, digestible energy, and metabolic energy value. The best value of energy is Lff for 21 days. It was concluded that the time for fermentation of liquid feed made from tamarind seeds which can produce good energy content, digestibility, and metabolic energy is 21 days.

Digestible energy content of cereals and wheat by-products for growing pigs

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S Batterham ◽  
C. E. Lewis ◽  
R. F. Lowe ◽  
C. J. McMillan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
By Products ◽  
Proximate Analyses

ABSTRACT1. The digestible energy content of eight samples of barley, sorghum, wheat, weather-damaged wheat and wheat by-products produced from different regions of eastern Australia was determined using growing pigs. The relationships between physical and chemical composition and digestible energy content of the meals were studied.2. The mean and range in digestible energy (MJ/kg, air-dry basis) were, respectively: barleys 12·7 (12·4 to 13·0), sorghums 14·4 (14·1 to 14·9), wheats 14·4 (14·0 to 15·0), weather-damaged wheats 14·1 (12·9 to 14·9) and wheat by-products 12·4 (10·9 to 14·1).3. All possible regressions of digestible energy content against density, gross energy and proximate analyses of the meals were screened to select useful relationships. These screens indicated that, with the exception of wheat by-products, the majority of variation in digestible energy was due to gross energy and fibre. For wheat by-products, a combination of density and fibre accounted for most of the variation.4. Prediction equations had the most application to weather-damaged wheats, wheat by-products and a combination of all samples.5. There was no indication that neutral-detegent fibre was superior to crude fibre as a predictor of digestible energy in cereals for pigs.

Digestible energy content of meat meals and meat and bone meals for growing pigs

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Batterham ◽  
C. E. Lewis ◽  
R. F. Lowe ◽  
C. J. McMillan
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Major Chemical ◽  
Image Position ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT1. The digestible energy content of 14 meat meals and meat and bone meals produced from different regions in eastern Australia was determined using growing pigs. The relationship between digestible energy content and chemical constituents in the meals was investigated.2. Digestible energy ranged from 9·4 to 13·9MJ/kg (air-dry basis). This variation in digestible energy was best described by the regression equation:3. Simpler equations, with only gross energy or crude protein and ether extract were:4. Digestibility of the energy and crude protein in the meals ranged from 0·63 to 0·77 and 0·73 to 0·91 respectively. These variations were not related to any of the major chemical constituents of the meals.

Satiation and compensation for short-term changes in food quality and availability in young Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus)

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (7) ◽  
pp. 1061-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A.S Rosen ◽  
Andrew W Trites
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Eumetopias Jubatus ◽  
Steller Sea Lions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sea Lions ◽  
Gross Energy

Foraging theory predicts that animals should proportionately increase their food intake to compensate for reduced food energy content and (or) prey availability. However, the theoretical intake levels will, at some point, exceed the digestive capacity of the predator. We tested the ability of Steller sea lions, Eumetopias jubatus (Schreber, 1776), to compensate for short-term changes in prey energy density and availability, and quantified the maximum amount of food a young sea lion could consume. Five 1–2-year-old captive Steller sea lions were offered either herring (high energy) or capelin (low energy) each day or every second day. When prey were available on a daily basis, the sea lions compensated for differences in the energy content of herring and capelin by consuming sufficient quantities of each (8.3 vs. 14.0 kg·d–1, respectively) to maintain equivalent gross energy intakes. When herring was available only on alternate days, the sea lions increased their consumption by 52% to 11.5 kg·d–1, which was not sufficient to maintain an average gross intake equal to that maintained when herring was available every day. When capelin was available only on alternate days, some animals increased their intake for a few days, but average intake (15.2 kg·d–1) was far below levels observed during daily feeding. Generally, the sea lions appeared to reach their digestive limit at a level equivalent to 14%–16% of their body mass. Our findings suggest that Steller sea lions can alter their food intake in response to short-term changes in prey quality or availability, but that these variables can quickly combine to necessitate food intake levels that exceed the physiological digestive capacities of young animals.

Digestible energy of wheat and oat grains when fed to sheep

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (53) ◽  
pp. 610 ◽  
Author(s):  
MC Nottle
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Feeding Trials

In pen feeding trials with eight Merino wethers, digestion coefficients were estimated for rations of cereal chaff-wheat grain-oat grain mixture, and wheat grain and oat grain fed separately at two levels of intake. Digestion coefficients for wheat and oat grain fed at 675 g/day in a double crossover experiment were dry matter 89.4, 80.8 per cent, organic matter 90.1, 82.6 per cent, protein 82.3, 77.6 per cent, ether extract 84.1, 90.9 per cent, crude fibre 33.2, 59.9 per cent, nitrogen free extractives 93.2, 85.8 per cent, energy 88.1, 81.0 per cent, total digestible nutrients 91.6, 87.1 per cent, and starch equivalents 90.7, 85.7. When these grains were fed at 785 g/day there was about 10 per cent improvement in crude fibre digestibility for both grains and 1-2 per cent improvement for other estimations with oats but not with wheat. The gross energy content of the wheat and oat grains when fed at 675 g/day was 4407 and 4700 calories/g dry matter. The digestible energy of the wheat in calories/g dry matter and organic matter was 3869 � 30, 3933 � 30 and for oats 3791 � 59, 3910 � 61. When fed at 785 g/day these values for wheat were 3850 � 50,3911 � 51 and for oats 3796 � 34, 3913 � 51. A highly significant relationship was found between energy and dry matter digestibility which for wheat diets was Y = 1.074x 7.840. r = 0.993 (P<0.001), and for oats and the mixed diet of cereal chaff-oat grain-wheat grain, Y = 0.983x + 1.550. r = 0.996 (P<0.001) where Y = energy and X = dry matter digestibility and r = the coefficient of correlation. Because of the similar digestible energy content of, and the body weight gains of sheep on, these two grains it was concluded that under the present conditions these grains were equivalent weight for weight.

The effects of water to feed ratio on the digestibility, digestible energy and nitrogen retention of a grower ration

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 ◽  
pp. 136-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Barber ◽  
P.H. Brooks ◽  
J.L. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Liquid Feed ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Additional Water ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Optimum Water

With the increase in the use of wet feeding systems, there has been a controversy over the optimum water to feed ratio to be used in these systems. Braude et al., (1967) showed that the feed conversion ratio was 20% higher for wet fed pigs compared to dry fed pigs. However, Forbes et al., (1968) found no significant difference in daily gain between wet and dry fed pigs.Gill et al., (1987) conducted an experiment to investigate the effects of different water to feed ratios on the performance of growing pigs provided with an additional water supply. They showed that liveweight gain and feed conversion significantly improved (p < 0.05) as the water to feed ratio of the liquid feed was increased from 2:1 to 3.5:1.The objective of this experiment was to investigate whether water to feed ratio effects digestibility, digestible energy and nitrogen retention.

Digestible energy contents and apparent ileal amino acid digestibilities in regular or partial mechanically dehulled canola meal samples fed to growing pigs

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. M. de Lange ◽  
V. M. Gabert ◽  
D. Gillis ◽  
J. F. Patience
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Key Words Amino Acid ◽  
Negative Relationships

A study was carried out to determine the influence of partial mechanical tail-end dehulling on apparent ileal amino acid (AA) digestibilities and digestible energy content in canola meal (CM) samples for growing pigs. Twenty Landrace × Yorkshire barrows, with an initial body weight of 35 kg, were fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum. Digestibilities were determined in 12 experimental diets with observations from five pigs per diet. Five batches of regular CM were obtained from five different crushing plants in Western Canada. A fraction of these batches was partially dehulled. The regular and partially dehulled CM samples were included at 20% in a barley-based diet. One pooled high-fiber CM sample and a straight barley diet were evaluated as well. Partial dehulling increased (P < 0.05) the digestible energy (DE) content from 12.2 to 13.3 MJ kg DM−1, respectively, and the level of crude protein (CP) from 40.6 to 43.8% in regular and partially dehulled CM samples, respectively. The digestibility of threonine was increased (P < 0.05) by partial dehulling, from 72.1 to 75.5%; the digestibilities of CP, lysine, methionine and cysteine were not affected (P > 0.05). Only the digestibilities of methionine and threonine were lower (P < 0.05) in the high-fiber CM sample than in the regular and partially dehulled samples. Digestible energy content, which ranged from 10.8 to 14.2 MJ kg DM−1, differed (P < 0.05) between crushing plants for both regular and partially dehulled CM samples. The digestibility of lysine did not differ (P > 0.05) between processing plants for the regular CM samples. The digestibility of lysine did not differ (P > 0.05) between processing plants for the regular CM samples. In contrast, there were differences (P < 0.05) in lysine digestibility, ranging from 74.8 to 83.8%, and methionine, ranging from 80.4 to 86.9%, between crushing plants for partially dehulled samples. There were low negative relationships between apparent ileal AA digestibilities and NDF, ADF and CF levels (r < 0.39) and between DE content and NDF, ADF and CF levels (r < 0.36) in the CM samples. In conclusion, the reduction in fiber content by mechanical tail-end dehulling increased the supply of DE and the level of CP, but did not influence apparent ileal CP or AA digestibilities, except for threonine which was slightly increased. Key words: Amino acid, canola meal, dehulling, ileal digestibility, pig

scholarly journals High quality cassava peel® production and its utilization in pig production: A review

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-218
Author(s):  
A. O. K. Adesehinwa ◽  
T. A. Amole ◽  
E. Ajayi ◽  
B. A. Makanjuola ◽  
I. Okike
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Cassava Peels ◽  
Cassava Peel ◽  
Good Substitute

The cassava peel has been investigated as a good source of energy for various categories of livestock and it has been reported as a good substitute for maize for all classes of pigs.International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) has transformed fresh cassava peels intohigh quality, safe and hygienic livestock feed, known as High Quality Cassava Peel®. HighQuality Cassava Peel® was produced by sorting, grating, pressing, sieving and drying offresh cassava peels. Sorting of the fresh (harvested the same day) cassava peels was done by removal of the stumps, large sized woody tubers and other foreign materials before grating, to gradually reduce the particle size, ensure rapid dewatering, drying and easy handling of the sorted peels. Next is the pressing of the grated peels in woven bags using a hydraulic jack and wooden planks. The resultant cassava peel cake after pressing around 30- 35% moisture had shelf life of 5- 7 days. The pressed cassava peel cake was re-grated to loosen it into a free flowing material that can be subjected to sieving to separate the fine mash (lower fiber, high energy content) from the coarse mash (higher fiber, lower energy content). The resultant fine or coarse mash was further dried by toasting or sun-drying to a moisture level of 10-12%. The final product with 10–12% moisture content was bagged and stored safely for 4- 6 months without any spoilage. Proximate analysis of the HQCP® further clarified its quality over that of other processed cassava peels. Series of trials conducted have proved High Quality Cassava Peel as a good substitute for significant portion of maize in the diet of growing and weaned pigs without any adverse effect on the performance and blood parameters determined in each of the studies. The results of the studies conducted on the utilization of the high quality cassava peel as a substitute for maize in the diet of weaned and growing pigs have shown the efficacy of HQCP® to replace significant quantities of maize in their diet. High Quality Cassava Peel demonstrated potential for replacement of up to 15% of the 40% maize inclusion in the diet of weaned pigs and 30% in the diet of growing pigs with or without direct fed microbial (DFM) supplementation. No significant effect of DFM was noticed in the utilization of HQCP® by both weaned and growing pigs. All the hematological and serum biochemical parameters determined were within the normal range for healthypigs. Based on the outcome of the feeding trials, HQCP® has been proved to replace asubstantial portion of maize in the diet of weaned and growing pigs, thereby bringing about a decrease in the cost of production

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