scholarly journals NEW PERSPECTIVE OF AJA KSHEERA W.S.R TO VRUSHYA ACTIVITY - A REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol p6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3246-3253
Author(s):  
Manju Prasad M. K ◽  
Mamatha Sri. S ◽  
Nagendra Chary. M
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Male Hormone

Shukra dhatu is meant for procreation, its Kshaya (diminution) causes Male Infertility. Shukra dhatu is formed by the transformation of Aahara rasa (food) with the help of Agni (digestive fire). Aahara is one of three important sub pillars which supports life. Ksheera is Satmya (wholesome), and it is Dhatu Vardhaka (nourishes the body tissues), Rasayana (rejuvenation), Vajikarana / Vrushya (aphrodisiac), generally indicated in Shukra Doshas (sem- inal disorders). Aja Ksheera (Goat milk) attributes Laghu (light), Balya guna (Strength promotor) along with Deep- ana (kindles the digestive fire), Grahi Karma (absorptive) praised for its Sarva-Vyadi Hara (cures all ailments) and Shukrala karma (spermatogenic measure). It is easily digestible when compared to Goksheera (cow milk) and it is a good source of essential fatty acids such as linoleic, vitamin A, and trace elements like Zinc, Mg which are essen- tial factors for the production of sperm and male hormone. Formulations of Aja Ksheeera namely Chagaladya ghrutha, Tilagokshuradi yoga possess Vrushya property and are indicated in Nastashukra (diminution of semen), Shukra Nisarana, Shanda (impotency) conditions. The Guna Karma of Aja Ksheera along with its rich nutritive value supports the spermatogenesis thus it can be considered in the treatment of Shukrakshaya as Aahara as well Aushadha. Keywords: Aja Ksheera, Goat Milk, Vrushya, Spermatogenic, Aphrodisiac

Changes in the Body Composition with Age of Goldeye, Hiodon alosoides

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 853-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Craig ◽  
K. Smiley ◽  
J. A. Babaluk
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Glycogen Concentration ◽  
Instantaneous Growth ◽  
Body Tissues

Male goldeye, Hiodon alosoides, grew faster, matured earlier, and had a shorter lifespan than females as did exploited compared with unexploited populations. Instantaneous growth rates of the body organs and tissues were usually higher in the male than in the female. The proportion of fat to the total constituents in the muscle, liver, gut, and carcase of female and the gut and carcase of male goldeye declined with age while that in the ovary increased. The proportion of protein in the body tissues and organs of both sexes remained approximately constant with age. Ash content increased in the carcase of older females and males. Glycogen concentration in the liver varied extensively and was considered as indicator of stress and unrelated to aging processes. Between the ages of 10 and 16 yr the energy content of the female soma increased by 44% whereas the energy content of the ovary increased by 121%. The ovary selected essential fatty acids at the expense of the soma.

USE OF ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS AND THEIR ROLE IN THE HUMAN ORGANISM DEVELOPMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1219-1225
Author(s):  
Filip Jovanovski ◽  
Toni Mitrovski ◽  
Viktorija Bezhovska
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Nutrition ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Working Ability ◽  
The World ◽  
Growth Development

Food is not just a pleasure in life, it is also an important factor for our health. Human nutrition is a mixture of nutrients, which are the only source of energy needed for survival. Energy-poor diet endangers many life functions, and above all the working ability. In the world, the meaning of the diet is very serious, and hence the demands for a –rational, healthy and safe diet are growing. Human nutrition contains saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Essential fatty acids (EFAs) must be ingested in everyday diet because the body does not produce it. They are very important for human health. They are present in each cell of the human body and are an important factor for the normal growth, development and functioning of cells, muscles, nerves and organs. They are also used in the production of certain hormones - such as prostaglandins, which are crucial for the performance of certain important processes. The deficit from EFAs is due to a number of health problems, including more serious diseases.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review of the Composition, Nutritional Value, and Functional Properties of Camel Milk Fat

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2158
Author(s):  
Ibrahim A. Bakry ◽  
Lan Yang ◽  
Mohamed A. Farag ◽  
Sameh A. Korma ◽  
Ibrahim Khalifa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Camel Milk ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Milk Fat Globules ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Nutritional Benefits

Recently, camel milk (CM) has been considered as a health-promoting icon due to its medicinal and nutritional benefits. CM fat globule membrane has numerous health-promoting properties, such as anti-adhesion and anti-bacterial properties, which are suitable for people who are allergic to cow’s milk. CM contains milk fat globules with a small size, which accounts for their rapid digestion. Moreover, it also comprises lower amounts of cholesterol and saturated fatty acids concurrent with higher levels of essential fatty acids than cow milk, with an improved lipid profile manifested by reducing cholesterol levels in the blood. In addition, it is rich in phospholipids, especially plasmalogens and sphingomyelin, suggesting that CM fat may meet the daily nutritional requirements of adults and infants. Thus, CM and its dairy products have become more attractive for consumers. In view of this, we performed a comprehensive review of CM fat’s composition and nutritional properties. The overall goal is to increase knowledge related to CM fat characteristics and modify its unfavorable perception. Future studies are expected to be directed toward a better understanding of CM fat, which appears to be promising in the design and formulation of new products with significant health-promoting benefits.

scholarly journals 351 Awardee Talk: How retained energy and protein affects the determination of energy and protein requirements for growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 84-85
Author(s):  
Luis O Tedeschi
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Methodological Procedures ◽  
Areas Of Concern ◽  
Maintenance Requirements

Abstract The understanding of how nutrition influences the body composition of growing animals has fascinated researchers for centuries. It involves the expertise of scientists with different areas of knowledge, encompassing the composition of the diet and its nutritive value to the fermentation and digestion of substrates to the absorption and metabolism of nutrients, and finally, to the deposition of fat, protein, and minerals in body tissues. The comparative slaughter technique is the preferred method to assess the body composition of growing and finishing animals. However, the methodological procedures are labor-intensive, expensive, and time-consuming, facilitating the incidence of errors and inconsistencies of the measurements that are collected, including the initial animal’s body composition. First, retained fat and protein (RP) are used to compute retained energy (RE). Then, RP and RE are used to compute protein and energy requirements for growth. Heat production, calculated from the metabolizable energy (ME) intake for animals at maintenance, is used to compute maintenance requirements. Three areas of concern exist for this approach: 1) the efficiencies of possible mobilization of fat and protein tissues during the feeding period are unaccounted for, especially for the animals fed near the maintenance level of intake; 2) the correlation between observed and predicted RP when using predicted RE is higher than when using observed RE (0.939 vs. 0.679); and 3) the disconnection when predicting partial efficiency of use of ME for growth using the proportion of RE deposited as protein — carcass approach — versus using the concentration of ME of the diet — diet approach. These concerns raised questions about the interdependency between predicted RP and RE and the existence of internal offsetting errors that may prevent overall adequacy in predicting energy and protein requirements of beef cattle.

scholarly journals Batch spawning facilitates transfer of an essential nutrient from diet to eggs in a marine fish

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 20130593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee A. Fuiman ◽  
Cynthia K. Faulk
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sciaenops Ocellatus ◽  
Diet Shift ◽  
Spawning Site ◽  
Batch Spawning

Fatty acid composition of eggs affects development, growth and ecological performance of fish embryos and larvae, with potential consequences for recruitment success. Essential fatty acids in eggs derive from the maternal diet, and the time between ingestion and deposition in eggs is ecologically important but unknown. We examined the dynamics of diet–egg transfer of arachidonic acid (ARA) in the batch-spawning fish, red drum ( Sciaenops ocellatus ), by measuring ARA concentrations in eggs after a single diet shift and during a period of irregular variations in diet. ARA concentrations in eggs changed within 2–16 days of a diet shift. The rate of change was proportional to the magnitude of the shift, with no evidence of equilibration. These results are not consistent with eggs being assembled entirely from accumulated body stores. The immediate source of ARA in eggs appears to be the recent diet. We propose that batch spawning produces rapid diet–egg transfer of ARA because it removes large amounts of fatty acids from the body and prevents equilibration. The immediacy of the diet–egg connection suggests that spawning migration combined with short-interval batch spawning may have evolved to take advantage of nutrients critical for offspring survival that are available at the spawning site.

Utilisation of the end products of ruminant digestion

1957 ◽  
Vol 1957 ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Armstrong ◽  
K. L. Blaxter ◽  
N. McC. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrate ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
End Products

The work of the late Sir Joseph Barcroft and his collaborators (see Elsden & Phillipson, 1948) left little doubt that, in ruminants, the end products of the bacterial dissimilation of dietary carbohydrate included large amounts of the steam-volatile fatty acids—acetic, propionic and butyric acids. More recently, el Shazly (1952a, b) has shown that the steam-volatile fatty acids also arise together with ammonia during the bacterial breakdown of amino-acids in the rumen. Studies by Pfander & Phillipson (1953) and Schambye (1955) further indicate that the acids are absorbed from the digestive tract in amounts that suggest they make a major contribution to the energy requirement of the animal. Quantitative data relative to the amounts absorbed, however, are difficult to obtain. Carroll & Hungate (1954) have calculated that in cattle some 6,000-12,000 Cal. of energy are available from the acids produced by fermentation in the rumen. With sheep, Phillipson & Cuthbertson (1956) have calculated from the results of Schambye (1951a, b; 1955) that at least 600-1,200 Cal. of energy in the form of steam-volatile fatty acids could be absorbed every 24 hrs. Since the fasting heat production of the steer is about 6,500 Cal./24 hrs. and that of the sheep about 1,100 Cal./24 hrs. it is clear that if the fatty acids can be utilised efficiently by the body tissues, they could make a major contribution to the energy requirements, at least those for maintenance.

Lipid role in the immune system

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Rebecca Guenard ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Members ◽  
Inflammatory Pathways ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The essential fatty acids react with enzymes to produce a group of compounds known as specialized pro-resolving mediators, or SPMs. Researchers continually discover new members of the four groups of precursors that comprise the SPM family, called lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins. These stereospecific molecules shut down inflammation and restore the body to homeostasis, a mechanism researchers are targeting for treatment as an alternative to anti-inflammatory pathways.

scholarly journals Fatty acids composition of selected mammals’ milk

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Pietrzak-Fiecko ◽  
Anna Malwina Kamelska-Sadowska
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Fatty Acids Composition ◽  
Small Individual ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Human Milk Fat

AbstractOne of main nutritional components in milk are fat. Fats are the main source of energy used by the body. The most important components are fatty acids (FA), which have important biological functions e.g. anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerotic, reducing blood pressure. What is more, milk fat in human diet shows health-promoting properties (1, 2). The aim of this study was to compare the fatty acids composition in selected mammals’ milk. A total of 84 milk samples of cow (Holstein-Frisian breed, n = 20), mare (Polish cold-blooded horse, n = 20); sheep (Kamieniecka breed, n = 12), goat (White goat breed, n = 12) were collected from small individual farms located in the north-eastern region of Poland. The samples of human milk (n = 20) were collected from women aged: 21–37, in the 2nd-4th month of lactation.The fatty acid composition was determined after the acids were transformed into methyl esters according to the IDF Standard method and gas chromatography using a Hewlett-Packard 6890 gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector. The average share of saturated FA (ΣSFA) in sheep, goat and cow milk fat were 77.5%, 75.5% and 67.7%, respectively, while in human and mare milk fat this value was about 47.0% ΣSFA. Human milk fat was characterized with the highest share of monounsaturated FA (ΣMUFA) 43.6%, while in the fat of other mammals this value was from 19.0 to 31.0%. The highest share of polyunsaturated FA (ΣPUFA; 22.0%) was found in mare milk. In human milk fat the value of ΣPUFA were higher (10%), than in milk of other mammals (3–5%). The lowest value of ΣSFA was observed in human and mare milk which could influence its health-promoting properties. The high share of other essential unsaturated FA indicates high dietary value of human milk. The share of fatty acids in mare milk similar to that in human milk makes it the most suitable in human nutrition.

scholarly journals A Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS) Method for the Determination of Free Hydroxy Fatty Acids in Cow and Goat Milk

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (17) ◽  
pp. 3947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maroula G. Kokotou ◽  
Christiana Mantzourani ◽  
Asimina Bourboula ◽  
Olga G. Mountanea ◽  
George Kokotos
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Hydroxystearic Acid ◽  
Resolution Mass

A liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method for the direct determination of various saturated hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs) in milk was developed for the first time. The method involves mild sample preparation conditions, avoids time-consuming derivatization procedures, and permits the simultaneous determination of 19 free HFAs in a single 10-min run. This method was validated and applied in 17 cow milk and 12 goat milk samples. This work revealed the existence of various previously unrecognized hydroxylated positional isomers of palmitic acid and stearic acid in both cow and goat milk, expanding our knowledge on the lipidome of milk. The most abundant free HFAs in cow milk were proven to be 7-hydroxystearic acid (7HSA) and 10-hydroxystearic acid (10HSA) (mean content values of 175.1 ± 3.4 µg/mL and 72.4 ± 6.1 µg/mL in fresh milk, respectively). The contents of 7HSA in cow milk seem to be substantially higher than those in goat milk.

The Use of Crude Fish Oil (CFO) in Vannamei Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Feed on EPA and DHA Contents

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Januar Hadi Prasetyo ◽  
Agustono Agustono ◽  
Widya Paramitha Lokapirnasari
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Penaeid Shrimp ◽  
The Body ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Epa And Dha ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Omega 6

Omega-3 fatty acids (Alpha-linolenic acid) and omega-6 fatty acids (Linoleic acid) are a group of essential fatty acids. Essential fatty acids are fatty acids that cannot be synthesized by the body so that must be supplied from the diet. One of the sources of essential fatty acids is derived from fish oil. This study aims to determine the effect of Crude Fish Oil (CFO) in the feed to EPA and DHA content in penaeid shrimp meat. The research method used was a completely randomized design. The treatments used are the varying content of Crude Fish Oil (CFO), which are P0 (0%), P1 (2%), P2 (4%), P3 (6%), and P4 (8%). The results of the study showed significant differences (p <0.05) on the content of EPA and DHA in penaeid shrimp meat. The highest content of EPA and DHA found in P4 treatment (8%) and the lowest at P0 treatment (0%). The use of CFO in penaeid shrimp feed need further study related to the growth of shrimps and prawns reproductive cycle to increase the productivity of penaeid shrimp. CFO on feed should be used at a dose of 6%.

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