Correlation Scale, Functional Tests and Comorbidities with Episodes in Cerebrovascular Accident

Introduction: In assessing patients with a stroke sequel, tonic and postural changes are generally evaluated, but other important information, such as functional capacity, risk of falls, and gait, should also be taken into account. Objective: To correlate the impairment level determined by Brunnstrom's scale, the results of functional tests and analyze the characteristics of the sample as being affected by comorbidities, time and number of strokes occurred. Methods: Cross-sectional evaluation of 50 patients (convenience) at a center of public rehabilitation, using Brunnstrom's scale (1-6, better limb ability closer to 6), Time Up and Go (TUG) (significant mobility deficit and in risk of falls above 20 seconds), Upright Motor Control Test (UMCT) (1-3, bellow 3 are household walkers), Step Test (ST) (disparity between member refers to slower individuals), registration of comorbidity and the time since the stroke happened and the number of episodes. Results: Grade "4" rated for upper and lower limbs by Brunnstrom's Scale, achieving over 20 seconds in TUG, level 2 in UMCT, and commitment of paretic member related to non-paretic on the ST (p<0.01). There was no influence of the time or number of strokes suffered. The main associations found were hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Conclusion: The Brunnstrom's scale appointed moderate level function impairment for upper and lower limbs. Wherein association with functional tests determines slower and vulnerable individuals, with disability in changing the load support between members, neuromuscular control and balance deficit, fall risk and compromised walking ability.

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Relationship between postural changes and physical and functional variables in schoolchildren aged 6-12 years

Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance ◽

10.1590/1980-0037.2021v23e55654 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

Author(s):

Dernival Bertoncello ◽

Karina Pereira ◽

Lelles Gabriel Damasceno Queiroz ◽

Eduardo Porcatti Walsh ◽

Angélica Emboaba Salomão ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Daily Living ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Postural Changes ◽

Gender And Age ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Sample Characteristics

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of postural changes and their relationship with BMI, pain, postures adopted in activities of the daily living (ADL), physical activity practice, gender and age (6 to 12 years). This study is characterized as cross-sectional, quantitative and descriptive. The convenience sample consisted of 840 schoolchildren. Regarding the sample characteristics, 477 (56.79%) were female aged 6-12 years (average=8.90±1.71years). Evaluations were carried out at the school premises and a questionnaire was used to collect data on gender, age, pain report, practice of out-of-school physical activities and postures adopted in ADLs. Body mass, height and posture were evaluated. Some schoolchildren (43.21%) reported not practicing physical activity outside of school, 544 (64.76%) correctly carried their backpack and 51.9% adopted correct postures to study and watch TV. Musculoskeletal pain was reported by 62.73%, and shoulders were the most affected. BMI indicated 55.6% of the sample with leanness/normal weight and 44.40% with overweight/obesity. Postural changes were present in 97.02% of students and the region with the highest number of alterations was the upper limbs. Girls presented greater number of trunk alterations (p=0.001), as well as those who did not practice physical activity (p=0.02) and alterations in the lower limbs for younger students (p=0.02) and female students (p=0.01). This study identified high prevalence of postural changes in schoolchildren.

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Neuromuscular Mechanosensitivity in Subjects with Chronic Ankle Sprain: A Cross-Sectional Study

Pain Medicine ◽

10.1093/pm/pny299 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (9) ◽

pp. 1991-1998 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Cristina Lorenzo-Sánchez-Aguilera ◽

David Rodríguez-Sanz ◽

Tomás Gallego-Izquierdo ◽

Irene Lázaro-Navas ◽

Josue Plaza-Rodríguez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ankle Sprain ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Ankle Instability ◽

Pressure Pain Threshold ◽

Neuromuscular Control ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Ankle sprain is one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries in sports, at work, and at home. Subjects who suffer from this injury may develop ankle instability. Functional instability has been associated with a high rate of resprain and impaired neuromuscular control in patients with ankle instability. Objective Measurement of neural and muscular mechanosensitivity after ankle sprain injury and establishment of the relationship between these variables. Methods A cross-sectional case-control study was performed with a sample of 58 students from Alcalá de Henares University (21 males and 37 females, mean age ± SD = 21 ± 3.7 years). Subjects were divided into two groups: a case group (N = 29, subjects with unstable ankle) and a control group (N = 29, healthy subjects). The pressure pain threshold (PPT) of the tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, and peroneus brevis muscles and mechanosensitivity of the common peroneus and tibial nerves were evaluated in all subjects through a manual mechanical algometer. Results Neuromuscular PPTs showed significant differences (P < 0.05) between both groups, such that, compared with the control group, the case group exhibited significantly lower PPT levels. In the case group, a strong positive correlation was observed between neural and muscular homolateral mechanosensitivity in both lower limbs. Conclusions Participants with chronic ankle instability showed higher neuromuscular mechanosensitivity in muscles and nerves surrounding the ankle joint than healthy subjects. These findings indicate that low PPT values may be associated with symptoms that characterize this disease.

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Testes funcionais validados em indivíduos hospitalizados e não hospitalizados: revisão sistemática

REVISTA CIÊNCIAS EM SAÚDE ◽

10.21876/rcshci.v10i4.960 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 23-53

Author(s):

Natasha Cordeiro dos Santos ◽

Neila Silva Soares ◽

Jorge Luis Motta dos Anjos ◽

Bruno Souza de Matos ◽

Daiane Barros Carvalho

Keyword(s):

Assessment Tool ◽

Step Test ◽

Functional Tests ◽

Quality Assessment Tool ◽

Timed Up And Go ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Speed Test ◽

Validation Studies As Topic ◽

Contrôle Postural ◽

Observational Cohort

Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão sistemática sobre os testes funcionais validados em diferentes perfis de indivíduos hospitalizados e não hospitalizados e avaliar as evidências psicométricas para confiabilidade e validade. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática. Foram utilizadas as bases de dados EMBASE, MEDLINE, Lilacs e SciELO com as palavras-chave Functional Tests (Walk Test, Gait Speed Test, Chair Stand Test, Timed Up And Go, Step Test),Validation Studies as Topic e sinônimos. Foram incluídos estudos de validação de testes funcionais em indivíduos hospitalizados ou não hospitalizados que utilizaram os critérios de validade e/ou confiabilidade e relacionaram os testes a diferentes variáveis. Esses artigos poderiam ser observacionais longitudinais ou de corte transversal ou estudos de validação que utilizaram dados de ensaios clínicos. Foram excluídos os artigos que não apresentaram características importantes da amostra e a descrição do teste. Resultados: A pesquisa resultou em 36.150 artigos, e 89 foram incluídos. Os estudos foram organizados em tabelas com informações como autor, ano; critérios de validação; amostra; teste; variáveis associadas; resultados. A qualidade dos artigos foi avaliada por meio da Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Conclusão: Os testes funcionais são válidos e confiáveis para a avaliação de indivíduos hospitalizados e não hospitalizados, estando associados à força muscular, capacidade de caminhar, controle postural, atividades de vida diária, risco de quedas, hospitalização e mortalidade.

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Functional capacity and risk of falls in the elderly with metabolic syndrome

Revista Brasileira de Medicina de Família e Comunidade ◽

10.5712/rbmfc15(42)2228 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (42) ◽

pp. 2228

Author(s):

Ramon Repolês Soares ◽

Patrícia de Oliveira Salgado ◽

Kelvin Oliveira Rocha ◽

Luciana Moreira Lima

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Functional Capacity ◽

International Diabetes Federation ◽

The Elderly ◽

Elderly Subjects ◽

Walking Ability ◽

Timed Up And Go ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Risk Of Falls

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is the most common metabolic abnormality in the population that predisposes to cardiovascular events and may be related to poor physical fitness and low functional capacity in the elderly. The objective of this study was to evaluate the interference of metabolic changes in functional capacity and risk of falls in the elderly. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 126 elderly subjects, 58 presented MetS and 68 without MetS, according to the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation. Katz Index, Tinetti Index, Timed Up and Go test and Berg Scale were applied to evaluate the functional capacity. Falls Efficacy Scale-International scale (FES-I-Brazil) was used to evaluate the fear of falling. For statistical analysis, the Mann-Whitney, Chi-square and Spearman correlation tests were used. Results: There was an association between the MetS and non-MetS groups in relation to the risk strata of the TUG index [p=0.02; OR=0.38; 95%CI (0.16-0.91)]. Between these two groups, there was a significant difference in the mean of the following markers: Berg scale (p=0.03); TUG (p=0.03); FES-I-Brazil (p=0.02). The Kats and IPAQ index did not show any significant association. Conclusions: Elderly patients with MetS presented higher risk and fear of falls when compared to patients without MetS. However, there was no variation in walking ability or balance.

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Neurophysiological changes of brain and spinal cord in individuals with patellofemoral pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049882 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. e049882

Author(s):

Jing Nong Liang ◽

Savanna Budge ◽

Austin Madriaga ◽

Kara Meske ◽

Derrick Nguyenton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Spinal Cord ◽

Quality Assessment ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Neuromuscular Control ◽

Patellofemoral Pain ◽

Randomised Control Trial ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prospective Longitudinal ◽

Brain And Spinal Cord

IntroductionReduced neuromuscular control due to altered neurophysiological functions of the central nervous system has been suggested to cause movement deficits in individuals with patellofemoral pain (PFP). However, the underlying neurophysiological measures of brain and spinal cord in this population remain to be poorly understood. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the evidence for altered cortical and spinal cord functions in individuals with PFP.Methods and analysisThe protocol for conducting the review was prepared using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidelines. We will systematically search the literature that examines cortical and spinal cord functions in individuals with PFP, aged 18–45 years. The studies for cross-sectional, prospective, longitudinal, case–control and randomised control trial designs will be included from the following databases: PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE and Web of Science. Only studies published in English prior to 1 February 2021 will be included. The risk of bias and quality assessment will be performed using National Institutes of Health’s Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. We will conduct meta-analysis of the data where appropriate. Narrative synthesis will be taken if a meta-analysis is not possible.Ethics and disseminationThis is a systematic review from the existing literature and does not require ethical approval. The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal in the field of rehabilitation medicine, sports/orthopaedic medicine or neurology, regardless of the outcome.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020212128.

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The superficial venous pump

Veins and Lymphatics ◽

10.4081/vl.2018.7280 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Konstantin Mazayshvili

Keyword(s):

Saphenous Vein ◽

Great Saphenous Vein ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Superficial Fascia ◽

Step Cycle ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Blood Flows ◽

Active Function ◽

Vein Segment ◽

The Relationship

The present study has revealed the relationship between the cross sectional area of the great saphenous vein and the degree of tension in the superficial fascia of the thigh. We conducted an ultrasound examination with 27 patients (54 lower limbs) in both standing and walking positions. With an increase and decrease in the degree of tension of the superficial fascia, the blood is pushed to the sapheno-femoral junction. Nearly 200 mm3 of blood flows in, and is pushed out of, a 100-mm great saphenous vein segment in the thigh, towards the sapheno-femoral junction during a step cycle. As a result, the active function of the fascial compartment of the great saphenous vein has been found. We have called this mechanism the superficial venous pump.

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A cross sectional survey on physical fitness, mental health and associated factors in mothers of children with special needs

Comparative Exercise Physiology ◽

10.3920/cep210017 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

R. Jain ◽

S. Kalra ◽

S. Pawaria

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Special Needs ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Step Test ◽

Special Needs Children ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Care Giving ◽

Health And Fitness

Mothers are the primary caregivers of a child. While caring for a special needs child, workload of caring increases by manifold and taking care of these children increases physical & mental overload. There is a dearth of studies that have objectively evaluated mental health and fitness of this group. To study status of physical fitness, mental health and associated factors in mothers of special needs children a cross-sectional survey done on 100 mothers of special needs children from special schools in the Gurugram District, Haryana, India. The Harvard Step test was used to evaluate cardiac fitness. Standard tests were used to evaluate different components of musculoskeletal fitness. Depression was assessed by Beck Depression Inventory. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. The Karl Pearson correlation test was used to identify correlations between mental health and fitness components and sociodemographic characteristics. Mean age and body mass index of mothers was 36.15±2.56 years and 27.4±3.25 kg/m2, respectively. 50% of the subjects were overweight, 89% scored poor in cardiopulmonary fitness, 63% had very poor muscle endurance, and 69% had average muscular flexibility. 81% of the mothers had symptoms of clinical depression. Inverse and significant correlation was present between depression and cardiorespiratory fitness (r=-0.197), strength (r=-0.242), and endurance (r=0.209). Income, total number of children and duration of care giving were inversely correlated with depression. Positive correlation was found between type of disability and depression. There was an overall decrement in cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal fitness. Mental health was found to be poor with a large percentage of participants showing symptoms of depression.

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A Comparison of Falls and Dizziness Handicap by Vestibular Diagnosis

American Journal of Audiology ◽

10.1044/2021_aja-21-00086 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Ryan J. Huang ◽

Sherri L. Smith ◽

Libor Brezina ◽

Kristal M. Riska

Keyword(s):

Care Center ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Demographic Variables ◽

Vestibular Migraine ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Positional Vertigo ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Risk Of Falls ◽

Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

Purpose There is a paucity of data that directly compares the falls rate and dizziness handicap of different vestibular diagnoses. The purpose of this study is to compare the falls rate and dizziness handicap of common vestibular diagnoses encountered among a cohort of vestibular patients at a single institution. Method We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of patients evaluated for dizziness at a tertiary care center vestibular clinic between August 1, 2017, and March 19, 2019. Vestibular diagnosis, demographic variables, comorbidities, falls status, and Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) were extracted from the medical record for analysis. Associations between vestibular diagnosis and falls history or DHI were evaluated using multivariate logistic and linear regression, respectively. Results A total of 283 patients met our inclusion criteria with the following diagnoses: benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV; n = 55), acoustic neuroma ( n = 30), Ménière's disease ( n = 28), multiple vestibular diagnoses ( n = 15), vestibular migraine ( n = 135), or vestibular neuritis ( n = 20). After adjusting for age, sex, race, medications, and comorbidities, the odds of falling was 2.47 times greater (95% CI [1.08, 6.06], p = .039) and the DHI score was 11.66 points higher (95% CI [4.99, 18.33], p < .001) in those with vestibular migraine compared to those with BPPV. Other diagnoses were comparable to BPPV with respect to odds of falling and dizziness handicap. Conclusions Patients with vestibular migraine may suffer an increased risk of falls and dizziness handicap compared to patients with BPPV. Our findings highlight the need for timely evaluation and treatment of all patients with vestibular disease.

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Use of intravenous alprostadil in patients with severe critical ischemia of the lower limbs

Vascular ◽

10.1177/1708538118816267 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 318-323

Author(s):

Jorge Enrique Machado-Alba ◽

Manuel E Machado-Duque

Keyword(s):

Critical Limb Ischemia ◽

Adverse Reactions ◽

Limb Ischemia ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Critical Ischemia ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Potential Benefits ◽

Advanced Stages ◽

Clinical Records

Objectives To determine the indications for the use, potential benefits, and adverse reactions of alprostadil in a group of Colombian patients. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in patients diagnosed with critical limb ischemia who received alprostadil in five hospitals in Colombia between September 2011 and July 2017. We reviewed the clinical records of each patient to obtain the sociodemographic and pharmacological variables, clinical stages, complications, comorbidities, reported effectiveness and adverse reactions. Results Sixty-one patients treated with alprostadil were evaluated; 50.8% of patients were men, and the average age of 72.5 ± 10.7 years. A total of 86.9% of patients were hypertensive, and 65.6% were diabetic. A total of 77.0% presented ulceration, and this condition was considered as a diabetic foot in 57.4% of patients. A total of 81.9% of patients were classified as Fontaine stage 4; 60.7% received therapy as initially indicated, with an average of 19 days of alprostadil use. Regarding the therapy results, 58.0% of the patients with ulcers or trophic lesions showed improvement, 86.2% showed improvement of pain, and the limb was saved in 72.1% of patients. Conclusions Critical limb ischemia was presented by patients with advanced age and high cardiovascular risk who were treated during severe and advanced stages where therapeutic options are limited. Treatment with alprostadil achieved satisfactory results with improvement in ulcers, pain, and limb salvage rates in this series of patients.

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ORTHOPEDIC INJURIES IN MEN'S PROFESSIONAL SOCCER IN BRAZIL: PROSPECTIVE COMPARISON OF TWO CONSECUTIVE SEASONS 2017/2016

Acta Ortopédica Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1413-785220182605194940 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 338-341 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eduardo Ramalho de Moraes ◽

Gustavo Gonçalves Arliani ◽

Paulo Henrique Schmidt Lara ◽

Eli Henrique Rodrigues da Silva ◽

Jorge Roberto Pagura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

São Paulo ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Paulo State ◽

Professional Soccer ◽

Prospective Comparison ◽

São Paulo State

ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose is to compare the incidence and characteristics of injuries sustained in two consecutive seasons of the São Paulo State Football Championship. Methods: Prospective study performed using an electronic form previously developed by the Medical Committee of the São Paulo State Football Federation, sent to the physicians responsible for the tournament's series A1 and A2 teams, after each round. Results: 17.63 injuries sustained per 1000 hours of matches in the A1 series and 14.91 injuries sustained per 1000 hours of matches in the A2 series. Incidence of injuries per 1000 hours of matches decreased from 24.16 to 17.63 in the A1 series (p<0.037) and from 19.10 to 14.01 in the A2 series (p<0.064). External defenders suffered most injuries, while muscular injuries were most common and lower limbs, the most affected areas. Most injuries occurred between 30 and 45 minutes of the match and only 11.9% of the injuries required surgery. Conclusions: Prevalence and frequency of injuries decreased between seasons. Most injuries were sustained in the lower limbs; strains were the most common injuries, followed by strains and contusions; MRIs were the most frequently requested exams and most injuries were classified as moderate (8-28 days). Level of evidence III, Cross-Sectional Study.

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