scholarly journals Independence and Family Support as the Cost and Reward Influences the Women’s Marriage Decision:A Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeeja Hernole
Keyword(s):  
Family Support ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Tier 2 ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Marriage Age ◽  
Tier 1 ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cost

Marriage is an important event in an individual’s life. The decision of choosing the right partner is partially based on the human survival instinct that psychologically orients with cost vs reward assessment strategy. Hence, to identify the factors that influence a woman when she selects the right alliance for marriage, a survey-based statistical analysis study was performed by n = 107 women who participated. In this study, it is observed that the current family type influences the women’s preference for partners’ family type post marriage. Age also plays an important role when women make considerations for post-marriage family type. Moreover, women evaluate and consider situations such as independence, family support as the cost/reward categories to make choices when it comes to family type post marriage. In addition to this, women highly prefer tier 1 over the tier 2 cities as well as the future husband having a job or business but the least preference is given to an individual with the farming occupation. Therefore a noticeable shift in the trend of cost vs. reward assessment in matrimonial selection is seen. Moreover, the inclination towards nuclear family type is increasing compared to a joint family which may have on the Indian socio-economic scenario.

scholarly journals Predictors of Psychological Impact Among the Healthcare Workers Exposed to Covid-19 Cases in a Tertiary Hospital of Bangladesh

2022 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
SM Nurul Irfan ◽  
AHM Kazi Mostofa Kamal ◽  
Taufiqul Hasan Siddiquee ◽  
Mahbubur Rahman Bhuiyan ◽  
Sangita Mithun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Global Pandemic

Background: The unprecedented global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 creates considerable psychological problems among the health care workers (HCW). The present study aimed to determine the predictors of psychological impact (in terms of depression, anxiety and stress) among the HCWs exposed Covid-19 cases in Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Dhaka. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at CMH Dhaka among purposively selected 390 HCWs. Data were collected through face-to-face interview using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire with validated and reliable tools. The study was conducted in the Combined Military Hospital Dhaka from 15 July 2020 to 30 September 2020. Results: Among the 390 respondents, 21.6%, 43.1% and 24.1% had depression, anxiety and stress symptoms, respectively. Being married (OR=0.391, 95% CI=0.160-0.953), graduate (OR=2.977; 95% CI=1.181-7.509) and attending 41-80 patients per day (OR=1.996; 95% CI=0.965-4.125) was significantly associated with depressive symptoms. In respect of anxiety, being graduate (OR=2.788, 95% CI=1.228 -6.333) and HSC qualified (OR=2.714, 95% CI=1.073-6.869), staying in family accommodation (OR=2.720, 95% CI=1.136 - 6.516), with nuclear family (OR=0.459, 95% CI=0.281-0.750), smoker (OR=1.827, 95% CI=0.987 - 3.384), doctor (OR=0.362, 95% CI=0.173- 0.758), having service length <20 years (OR=2.229, 95% CI=1.158 - 4.289), service in current place of posting for <20 months (OR=0.460, 95% CI=0.241-0.880), attended 41-80 patient daily (OR=1.720, 95% CI=0.933 - 3.169) and performing overtime duty (OR=2.568, 95% CI=1.609-4.099) were significantly associated with anxiety symptoms. Being graduate (OR=2.249, 95% CI=0.866-5.844), with nuclear family type (OR=0.423, 95% CI=0.249-0.721), having duty place at emergency (OR=2.135, 95% CI=0.902-5.053), being a nurse (OR=0.364, 95% CI=0.162-0.819), having service length <10 years (OR=2.570, 95% CI=1.207-5.472) and performing overtime duty (OR=2.214, 95% CI=1.3101-3.742) were significantly associated with stress symptoms. Conclusion: Psychological problems among the HCW found very common in our study which needs psychological crisis interventions to protect the mental health of HCWs. JOPSOM 2021; 40(1): 1-13

scholarly journals Views and Anxiety Levels of University Students Regarding Distance Education during the Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-624
Author(s):  
Ceyda Uzun Şahin ◽  
Ayşe Nur Serbest Baz
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
University Students ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
Exam Anxiety

This study was conducted to identify the views and anxiety levels of university students regarding distance education during the Covid-19 pandemic. The population of this descriptive and cross-sectional study consisted of the students studying at seven health-related departments at two state universities in Turkey. The data were collected using a questionnaire developed by the researchers and the State Anxiety Inventory (SAI). The results revealed that 50.2% of the students were first-year students, 30% were studying at the first and emergency aid program, 79.3% had a medium-income level, 50.1% lived in a metropolitan area, and 83% had a nuclear family. 50.9% of the students were satisfied with the distance education system, 52.1% found the lessons given through the distance education method partially understandable, 46.7% found the lecturing styles partially plain and understandable, and 72.7% had exam anxiety. The SAI score of the students was found to be 59.0±5.30 (range 29–73), and 52.8% of them had a moderate anxiety level. While the level of anxiety in students varied significantly according to gender, department, and family income, no significant difference was found among the participants in terms of age, year of study, family type, place of residence, and the presence of chronic and psychological illnesses. The anxiety scores of those who were not satisfied with the distance education, who experienced exam anxiety, who understood the online lessons partially, and who attended the lessons were found to be significantly higher. The study demonstrated that university students experienced anxiety about distance education and exams during the Covid-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Unmet need of contraceptives amongst the married women of reproductive age group: a study in a coastal belt of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
Palas Dutta ◽  
Sumon Chandra Debnath ◽  
Kinkar Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Area ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Marriage Age ◽  
Coastal Belt

This cross-sectional study was conducted with an objective to assess the unmet need of contraceptives among married women of reproductive age at Assasuni Upazila (coastal area) in Satkhira District during the period from January to December 2016. A total of 222 participants (married women) were included in the study. The mean (± SD) age of the respondents was 27.9 ± 6.2 years and about half (45.9%) of the respondent’s marriage age were between 15 and 17 years. Most of the (85.6%) women were housewives and more than half (50.9%) belongs to a nuclear family. Most of the respondents (94.6%) were not currently pregnant and about one-fourth (25.7%) of them experienced with previous pregnancies. About ninety percent of the outcomes of last pregnancy were live-births. More than two-thirds (80.2%) were using contraceptives. More than two-fifth of the respondents was using the oral pill and 17.6% of their husband’s using condoms as a contraceptive. Among 222 respondents, 13.5% had the unmet need of contraceptives. Unmet need comprises who were not using any method of contraception due to husband’s opposition, did not know, opposition from other family members and no menstruation after last childbirth, (6.3%, 5.0%, 1.3% and 0.9%, respectively). Unmet need of contraceptive is high despite an extensive family planning program in Bangladesh. It is necessary for the governments to come up with strategies, which can reduce unmet needs of contraceptive, especially among coastal area. Bangladesh Med J. 2018 Jan; 47 (1): 37-40

scholarly journals ASSOCIATION OF CONTRACEPTIVE BARRIERS WITH SOCIO DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-78
Author(s):  
Samina Qadir ◽  
Fauzia Anbreen ◽  
Aysha Naeem ◽  
Hira Naeem ◽  
Muhammad Naeem Akhtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Marriage Age ◽  
Contraception Use ◽  
Age Of Marriage

Background: In Pakistan population explosion is an important issue. Objectives of this study were to determine frequency of contraception users, frequency of different types of contraceptives used and association between contraceptive barriers and socio demographic variables. Materials & Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Community Medicine, Gomal medical College, D.I.Khan, Pakistan from 1st February to 31st March 2019. Sample size was 100. Sampling technique was consecutive. Only married women of reproductive age having already one child at least were included in the sample. Sociodemographic variables were age, residence, education, family income, family type, awareness of contraception, willingness for contraception, use of different contraceptive methods, age of marriage, age at first pregnancy and number of live children. Research variables were personal, religious, cultural and service barriers to use of contraception. All variables were recorded on categorical scale, whereas age of marriage, age at first pregnancy and number of live children were numerical variables expressed as mean and standard deviation. Chi-square test of association was performed. Results: Out of 100 respondents, 49% were from 15 to 30 years. Family income was

scholarly journals Profile of Alcohol-Dependent Patients Admitted in De-addiction Ward of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH), Kathmandu

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Saraswati Dhungana ◽  
Saroj Prasad Ojha ◽  
Manisha Chapagain ◽  
Pratikchya Talachan ◽  
Sagun Ballav Pant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Disease Study

Introduction: Alcohol dependence is a global problem worldwide and the global burden of disease study published in 2010 concluded alcohol use to be the third leading risk factor for death and disability. This study was conducted to find out the diagnostic profile, socio- cultural determinants, motivation level and other related variables in patients diagnosed as alcohol dependence in hospital admitted patients.Material and Method: This was a cross- sectional study carried out in patients diagnosed as alcohol dependence and admitted in the deaddiction ward of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital over a period of eight months. SPSS version 18 was used for the statistical analysis of the data obtained.Results: A total of 86 patients were admitted during the period of 8 months. Among those, 48% were admitted with the diagnosis of alcohol dependence- complicated withdrawal while remaining 52% were admitted with alcohol dependence- uncomplicated withdrawal. Assessment of motivation revealed that majority of the patients i.e.43% were in precontemplation phase, 27.9% were in the contemplation phase, 9.3% were in preparation phase, and 19.8% were ready to take action for remaining abstinent. Sociodemographic variables were not statistically significant except for family type where more than 70% of patients with complicated withdrawal belonged to nuclear family when compared to uncomplicated withdrawal.Conclusion: In this study, we assessed the overall profile of patients admitted with alcohol dependence syndrome in a tertiary care hospital so that this data can be used for better management of our patients.J Psychiatrists’ Association of Nepal Vol .6(1), 2017, p.38-43

scholarly journals Incidence of depression among nurses in Kashmir valley

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1071
Author(s):  
Saleem Yousuf ◽  
Tabasum Dilawar ◽  
Ifshana Iliyas
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Kashmir Valley ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Concentration Changes

Background: In 2017, 197 million Indians were suffering from mental disorders, of whom 46 million had depression. In Kashmir, 41% have been identified as having probable depression. Depression is one of the most frequently diagnosed mental illness which is characterized by feelings of sadness, loss of energy, motivation, concentration, changes in appetite, changes in sleep, etc. Depression is known to impact work performance, their colleagues and potentially on the quality of care provided to patients. Nursing, a loyal profession, is considered as one of the most susceptible profession to depression. This study was conducted with the aim of finding the incidence of depression among Nurses.Methods: A descriptive, cross sectional study was conducted on 200 Nurses collected by using convenient sampling from different hospitals in Srinagar district of Kashmir Valley in order to assess the incidence of Depression among them. Depression was diagnosed by following Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-5 (DSM-5) criteria and assessment was done on the bases of age, gender, marital status, family type and residence.Results: Majority of the Nurses were found to be females (68%), above 30 years (64%), belonged to nuclear family (69%), married (71%) and residing in rural areas (64%). As for as incidence of depression is concerned, 134 (67%) Nurses were found to be having symptoms of depression.Conclusions: Most of the Nurses were diagnosed with depression that has a negative impact on the patient care. Thus, there is a dire need for screening of the Nurses and thus early detection of affected one's.

Distribution and Characteristics of Intrathoracic Lymphadenopathy in TB/HIV Co-Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-420
Author(s):  
Payam Mehrian ◽  
Abtin Doroudinia ◽  
Moghadaseh Shams ◽  
Niloufar Alizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Short Axis ◽  
Mediastinal Lymph Nodes ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hilar Adenopathy ◽  
The Right ◽  
Pulmonary Abnormalities

Background: Intrathoracic Lymphadenopathy (ITLN) in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected patients may have various etiologies and prognoses. Etiologies of ITLN can be distinguished based on the distribution of enlarged lymph nodes. Sometimes tuberculosis (TB) is the first sign of underlying HIV infection. Objective: We sought to determine ITLN distribution and associated pulmonary findings in TB/HIV co-infection using Computed Tomography (CT) scan. Methods: In this retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study, chest CT scans of 52 patients with TB/HIV co-infection were assessed for enlarged intrathoracic lymph nodes (>10 mm in short axis diameter), lymphadenopathy (LAP) distribution, calcification, conglomeration, the presence of hypodense center and associated pulmonary abnormalities. LAP distribution was compared in TB/HIV co-infection with isolated TB infection. Results: Mediastinal and/or hilar LAP were seen in 53.8% of TB/HIV co-infection patients. In all cases, LAP was multinational. The most frequent stations were right lower paratracheal and subcarinal stations. Lymph node conglomeration, hypodense center and calcification were noted in 25%, 21.4% and 3.5% of patients, respectively. LAP distribution was the same as that in patients with isolated TB infection except for the right hilar, right upper paratracheal and prevascular stations. All patients with mediastinal and/or hilar adenopathy had associated pulmonary abnormalities. Conclusion: All patients with TB/HIV co-infection and mediastinal and/or hilar adenopathy had associated pulmonary abnormalities. Superior mediastinal lymph nodes were less commonly affected in TB/HIV co-infection than isolated TB.

Disaster Risk Assessment Among Iranian Exceptional Schools

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Samaneh Miresmaeeli ◽  
Nafiseh Esmaeili ◽  
Sepideh Sadeghi Ashlaghi ◽  
Zahra Abbasi Dolatabadi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Disaster Risk Assessment ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background: Exceptional children, like other children, have the right to be educated in a safe environment. Disasters are considered as serious issues regarding safety and security of educational environments. Following disasters, vulnerable groups, especially children with handicaps and disabilities are more likely to be seriously injured. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the safety and disaster risk assessment of exceptional schools in Tehran, Iran. Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted in exceptional schools in Tehran, 2018. First, 55 exceptional schools in all grades were selected based on census sampling method and evaluated by using a checklist designed by Tehran Disaster Mitigation and Management Organization (TDMMO) and Ministry of Education in 2015. The data were analyzed using Excel software and statistical descriptive tests. Result: Based on the results, school facilities are worn and have unsafe elevators (least safety: 7.69%), yards (least safety: 9.52%), laboratories (least safety: 16.67%), libraries (least safety: 24.24%), fire extinguishing systems (least safety: 28.99%), and storage rooms and kitchens (least safety: 33.33%) which require immediate considerations. In total, the safety of exceptional schools in this study was 70.13%, which suggests medium-risk level. Conclusion: The educational settings must be reconsidered, along with identifying the risk and safety at school. In addition, a standard should be established for evaluating safety, especially in exceptional schools.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional study of prevalence and risk factors, and a cost-effectiveness evaluation of screening and preventive treatment strategies for latent tuberculosis among migrants in Singapore

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e050629
Author(s):  
Vanessa W Lim ◽  
Hwee Lin Wee ◽  
Phoebe Lee ◽  
Yijun Lin ◽  
Yi Roe Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ltbi Prevalence ◽  
The Cost

ObjectivesWHO recommends that low burden countries consider systematic screening and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in migrants from high incidence countries. We aimed to determine LTBI prevalence and risk factors and evaluate cost-effectiveness of screening and treating LTBI in migrants to Singapore from a government payer perspective.DesignCross-sectional study and cost-effectiveness analysis.SettingMigrants in Singapore.Participants3618 migrants who were between 20 and 50 years old, have not worked in Singapore previously and stayed in Singapore for less than a year were recruited.Primary and secondary outcome measuresCosts, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), threshold length of stay, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs), cost per active TB case averted.ResultsOf 3584 migrants surveyed, 20.4% had positive interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) results, with the highest positivity in Filipinos (33.2%). Higher LTBI prevalence was significantly associated with age, marital status and past TB exposure. The cost-effectiveness model projected an ICER of S$57 116 per QALY and S$12 422 per active TB case averted for screening and treating LTBI with 3 months once weekly isoniazid and rifapentine combination regimen treatment compared with no screening over a 50-year time horizon. ICER was most sensitive to the cohort’s length of stay in Singapore, yearly disease progression rates from LTBI to active TB, followed by the cost of IGRA testing.ConclusionsFor LTBI screening and treatment of migrants to be cost-effective, migrants from high burden countries would have to stay in Singapore for ~50 years. Risk-stratified approaches based on projected length of stay and country of origin and/or age group can be considered.

Prevalence and factors related to second hand smoking exposure, knowledge and response among adolescents in rural Puducherry

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalaiselvy Arikrishnan ◽  
Gokul Sarveswaran ◽  
Yuvaraj Krishnamoorthy ◽  
Manikandanesan Sakthivel ◽  
Marie Gilbert Majella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Public Place ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Second Hand Smoking

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of Second Hand Smoking (SHS) and assess the factors related to exposure, knowledge and response to SHS among adolescents in rural Puducherry, South India.MethodsA community based cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescents during March and April 2018. Two out of four villages were selected randomly and all the adolescents were contacted through household visit and questionnaire was administered. Semi structured questionnaire contained three sections: sociodemographic details, environmental assessment and third section contained knowledge about SHS, COTPA and response towards being exposed to SHS, as well as exposure history. Continuous variables like age were summarized as mean (SD). Categorical variables such as awareness, attitude and practise towards SHS were summarized as proportions with 95% confidence interval.ResultsTotal number of adolescents interviewed was 789. The mean age of the study participants were 14.1 (2.4) years and majority, 440 (55.8%) were boys and 684 (86.7%) belonged to nuclear family. More than one fourth, 210 (26.6%) belonged to middle class of socio-economic status. Environmental assessment of household showed more than half, 456 (57.8%) were staying in pucca house and majority 642 (81.4%) had adequate cross ventilation. It was found that about 70.1% had adequate knowledge about SHS and its harmful effects. Prevalence of exposure to SHS was 49%. Majority (40.5%) told that they will scold or advice the family member to stop smoking if they are exposed to SHS in the living place. However, almost 80% of adolescents mentioned that they will no’t react if they see someone smoking in a public place.ConclusionsCurrent study found that almost half of the adolescents were exposed to SHS. Even though, almost three fourth had adequate knowledge, attitude towards preventing SHS in public place was found to be poor. Hence, adolescents need to be motivated enough to address the problem in the public place through motivational counselling in adolescent clinics by health care workers.

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