scholarly journals Organization and economic mechanism of the textile cluster development in the Republic of Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
S. E. Yepanchintseva ◽  
Z. R. Ashimova ◽  
S. M. Jumasheva
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Light Industry ◽  
Textile Production ◽  
Cluster Development ◽  
Economic Mechanism ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
Technological Chain ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Low Efficiency

The purpose of the article is to study the organizational and economic mechanism of the textile cluster development in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The article discusses development of the Kazakhstani textile cluster. The textile industry is one of the priority sectors of the industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan, designated to ensure a qualitative transformation of the country’s economy. In order to develop the industry in Kazakhstan, back in 2005 a cotton-textile cluster which unites about 50% of Kazakhstan’s textile production was organized. To support the development of textile and light industry, special programmes have been developed in Kazakhstan to support the sector and, in particular, the textile cluster. Based on analysis of problems impeding its effective functioning, authors of the article substantiated the need to introduce a new organizational and economic mechanism for cluster management. The main problem of low efficiency and slow development of the cluster consisting in weak intersectoral interaction within the cluster and in the textile industry of Kazakhstan as a whole was identified. The model of cluster’s operation, organized on the “top-down” principle of mainly by the initiative of the government, was analyzed and a new organizational and economic mechanism of cluster functioning was developed based on increased interest of cluster’s entities in joint results. This mechanism is based on the consolidation of the efforts of state and non-state actors of the cluster which will ensure the greatest effectiveness of its functioning and create a synergistic effect. The purpose of the proposed mechanism is to activate the cluster’s operations, strengthen the intra-industry and cross-industry interaction of subjects and create a single technological chain within the textile industry.

scholarly journals Poverty Factors in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutyia)

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Tuyara Gavril’yeva ◽  
Anna Naberezhnaya, ◽  
Marina Ivanova ◽  
Filipp Nikiforov
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Poor People ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Low Efficiency

The Object of the Study The dynamics of indicators that comprehensively characterize poverty in the Republic Yakutiya has been analysed.The Subject of the Study The dynamics of poor people number in the region. The Purpose of the Study Is th determination of the endogenous (internal) factors of poverty based on the methods of economic and mathematical modeling and further development of perspective socialThe Main Theoretical Provision. The social policy of the government of the republic over the past decade has focused on employment, birth rate, housing, sustainable rural development, but program activities did not take into account the differentiation of social groups, with their low efficiency. The current moment seems to be a possible transition point to a more effective and adequate social policy. The structured database related to measurements of social well-being and living standards of the population in Yakutiya from 1995-2017 was created on the basic on open information of the Sakha (Yakutia)stat. It was used for determining the main factors and regional characteristics of poverty in Yakutiya. The factors that have the most significant impact on the level of poverty in the region were selected based on the correlation analysis. A linear regression model was created where the number of poor people was taken as the dependent variable. It has been proved that the number of poor people has a direct positive relationship with the indicators “number of pensioners” and “expenses of the consolidated budget of Yakutiya” and inverse relationship with “housing per capita”, "the real dynamics of the GRP" and "the population monetary incomes". Based on quantitative and qualitative analysis, the endogenous factors of poverty in the region were identified: high cost of living, low correlation of poverty with employment, wage disparities, as well as high fertility. Proposals of targeted social policy have been developed. They include: revision of the legal framework in the field of social protection, improvement of targeting social assistance, reviewing the demographic priorities of social policy, a maneuver in public sector jobs , the development of poverty monitoring and social assistance delivery based on digitalization, social experiments on poverty alleviation, including Universal Basic Income model for indigenous communes

scholarly journals About the efficiency of agricultural cooperatives’ functioning in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 197 (6) ◽  
pp. 89-100
Author(s):  
S. Golovina ◽  
L. Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Agricultural Cooperatives ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
The Government ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Consumer Cooperatives

Abstract. The relevance of the presented material are justified by the fact that agrarian cooperation, first, is considered today as the most important condition for the successful functioning of agrarian sector of the economy and the preservation of rural areas, second, is under the close attention of the government, third, is characterized by low efficiency, despite the considerable efforts of theorists and practitioners. Research objective is scrupulous studying of a condition of cooperative activity in the Russian Federation in general and its regions in particular therefore materials about the efficiency assessment of domestic agricultural consumer cooperatives activity are presented in article (including in the Ural Federal District). Results. The main determinants of inefficient activity of agricultural consumer cooperatives in Russia (confirmed by calculations and analysis of corresponding economic indicators) are such circumstances as low readiness of producers for any integrative processes due to inadequacy of informal institutions; obstacles for introduction of entrepreneurial models into cooperative activities by formal institutions; limited resources at the disposal of cooperatives (including financial); non-compliant quality of human capital; inability to implement the traditional cooperative model in the current environment. Scientific novelty. The results are positively correlated with trends in the institutional environment. At the same time, the data of theoretical and empirical studies, on the basis of which, first of all, modern achievements of cooperative science and generalized material of practical activity of agricultural consumer cooperatives, allow not only to identify the main trends and tendencies in the development of domestic agricultural consumer cooperatives, but also to identify the reasons for their slow development.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY IN CHUVASHIA IN 1929–1934

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Larisa V. Kazantseva ◽  
Oleg N. Shirokov
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Light Industry ◽  
Textile Production ◽  
Regional Leadership ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Technical Basis ◽  
First Time

The issue of accelerated USSR modernization at the regional level is understudied in the historical science. The evolvement of the industrial complex of the textile industry in Chuvashia is reinterpreted taking into account archival documents that are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The article deals with the evolvement of the industrial complex of the textile industry in Chuvashia in 1929–1934. The purpose of the article is to provide insight into the problems connected with the evolvement of ChASSR textile industry enterprises within the framework of industrialization. The author analyzes the development of light industry enterprises of national standing in the region and the formation of regular labor force, textile production and the main problems faced by the regional leadership during forced modernization. The documents of the State historical archive of the Chuvash Republic were used as a source base. The period from1929 to 1932 is marked by transition to the planned management of the ChASSR textile industry and implementation of all standards for the delivery of agricultural raw materials. In 1932–1934 the People’s Commissariat of light industry of the ChASSR together with the Nizhny Novgorod region launched linen-scutching plants of national standing, which could become a technical basis with qualified specialists for the modernization of the regional textile industry. The article concludes that accelerated transformations in the textile industry took place without taking into account local characteristics. In the region there were no large enterprises of the textile industry, on the basis of which the leadership of the region could carry out forced modernization with minimal financial costs.

Recommendations of The Ombudsman’s Dilemma: Between Law Enforcement Officials and Protection of Credibility

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Dyah Adriantini Sintha Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Law Enforcement Officials ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
Oversight Body

The Ombudsman as an external oversight body for official performance, in Fikih Siyasah (constitutionality in Islam) is included in the supervision stipulated in legislation (al-musahabah al-qomariyah). Supervision is done so that public service delivery to the community is in accordance with the rights of the community. This is done because in carrying out its duties, officials are very likely to conduct mal administration, which is bad public services that cause harm to the community. The Ombudsman is an institution authorized to resolve the mal administration issue, in which one of its products is by issuing a recommendation. Although Law No. 37 of 2018 on the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia states that the recommendation is mandatory, theombudsman's recommendations have not been implemented. This is due to differences in point of view, ie on the one hand in the context of law enforcement, but on the other hand the implementation of the recommendation is considered as a means of opening the disgrace of officials. Recommendations are the last alternative of Ombudsman's efforts to resolve the mal administration case, given that a win-win solution is the goal, then mediation becomes the main effort. This is in accordance with the condition of the Muslim majority of Indonesian nation and prioritizes deliberation in resolving dispute. Therefore, it is necessary to educate the community and officials related to the implementation of the Ombudsman's recommendations in order to provide good public services for the community, which is the obligation of the government.

A Call for Public Participation in the Treaty-making Process in South Africa: What can South Africa Learn from the Kingdom of Thailand?

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Retselisitsoe Phooko
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
International Treaty ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
Future Situation ◽  
Rules Of Procedure ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Personal Jurisdiction

On 2 August 2002 South Africa signed the Southern African Development Community (SADC) Protocol on Tribunal and the Rules of Procedure Thereof, thus effectively recognising and accepting the jurisdiction of the SADC Tribunal. Among the cases received by the SADC Tribunal was a complaint involving allegations of human rights violations by the government of Zimbabwe. It ruled that the government of Zimbabwe had violated human rights. Consequently, Zimbabwe mounted a politico-legal challenge against the existence of the Tribunal. This resulted in the review of the role and functions of the Tribunal in 2011 which resulted in the Tribunal being barred from receiving new cases or proceeding with the cases that were already before it. Furthermore, on 18 August 2014, the SADC Summit adopted and signed the 2014 Protocol on the Tribunal in the SADC which disturbingly limits personal jurisdiction by denying individual access to the envisaged Tribunal, thus reducing it to an inter-state judicial forum. This article critically looks at the decision of 18 August 2014, specifically the legal implications of the Republic of South Africa’s signing of the 2014 Protocol outside the permissible procedure contained in article 37 of the SADC Protocol on the Tribunal. It proposes that South Africa should correct this democratic deficit by introducing public participation in treaty-making processes in order to prevent a future situation where the executive unilaterally withdraws from an international treaty that is meant to protect human rights at a regional level. To achieve this, this article makes a comparative study between South Africa and the Kingdom of Thailand to learn of any best practices from the latter.

GOVERNMENT RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT PEOPLE’S RIGHTS OVER THE CLEAN WATER

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nadzir
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The State ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
State Control ◽  
Government Responsibility ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

Water plays a very important role in supporting human life and other living beings as goods that meet public needs. Water is one of the declared goods controlled by the state as mentioned in the constitution of the republic of Indonesia. The state control over water indicated that water management can bring justice and prosperity for all Indonesian people. However, in fact, water currently becomes a product commercialized by individuals and corporations. It raised a question on how the government responsibility to protect the people's right to clean water. This study found that in normative context, the government had been responsible in protecting the people’s right over the clean water. However, in practical context, it found that the government had not fully protected people's right over clean water. The government still interpreted the state control over water in the form of creating policies, establishing a set of regulations, conducting management, and also supervision.

Land Reform in Zimbabwe: a Balance of Political Expediency and Economic Inevitability?

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-29
Author(s):  
Lyubov Prokopenko
Keyword(s):  
Land Reform ◽  
Union Leader ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
African Region ◽  
Political Aspect ◽  
National Union ◽  
Reform Program ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

The article considers the political aspect of land reform in the Republic of Zimbabwe. The problem of land reform has been one of the crucial ones in the history of this African country, which celebrated 40 years of independence on April 18, 2020. In recent decades, it has been constantly in the spotlight of political and electoral processes. The land issue was one of the key points of the political program from the very beginning of Robert Mugabe’s reign in 1980. The political aspect of land reform began to manifest itself clearly with the growth of the opposition movement in the late 1990s. In 2000–2002 the country implemented the Fast Track Land Reform Program (FTLRP), the essence of which was the compulsory acquisition of land from white owners without compensation. The expropriation of white farmers’ lands in the 2000s led to a serious reconfiguration of land ownership, which helped to maintain in power the ruling party, the African National Union of Zimbabwe – Patriotic Front (ZANU – PF). The government was carrying out its land reform in the context of a sharp confrontation with the opposition, especially with the Party for the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC), led by trade union leader Morgan Tsvangirai. The land issue was on the agenda of all the election campaigns (including the elections in July 2018); this fact denotes its politicization, hence the timeliness of this article. The economic and political crisis in Zimbabwe in the 2000–2010s was the most noticeable phenomenon in the South African region. The analysis of foreign and domestic sources allows us to conclude that the accelerated land reform served as one of its main triggers. The practical steps of the new Zimbabwean president, Mr. Emmerson Mnangagwa, indicate that he is aware of the importance of resolving land reform-related issues for further economic recovery. At the beginning of March 2020, the government adopted new regulations defining the conditions for compensation to farmers. On April 18, 2020, speaking on the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the independence of Zimbabwe, Mr. E. Mnangagwa stated that the land reform program remains the cornerstone of the country’s independence and sovereignty.

K.H. Abdul Halim dan Gagasan Pendidikan Ekonomi Berbasis Pesantren

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Asep Saefullah
Keyword(s):  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Religious Organization ◽  
Education Economics ◽  
West Java ◽  
Political Activist ◽  
National Hero ◽  
Younger Generation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Economics And Politics

This paper discusses the biography of K.H. Abdul Halim, a cleric, educator, political activist, a national hero, who was born in Jatiwangi, Majalengka, West Java on June 26, 1887 and died on May 7, 1962, in a peaceful and quiet place, Santi Asromo, Majalengka. The title of the National Hero from the Government of Indonesia was granted on the basis of his important roles in education, economics and politics. Among his legacy are the religious educational institutions, namely Santi Asromo Pesantren, the religious organization of the Islamic Ummah Union (PUI), and several books such as the Kitab Petunjuk bagi Sekalian Manusia (Manual for Man), Ekonomi dan Koperasi dalam Islam (Economics and Cooperative in Islam), dan Ketetapan Pengajaran di Sekolah Ibtidaiyah Persyarikatan Ulama (The Teaching Decrees at Ibtidaiyah Persyarikatan Ulama School). His biography is a manifestation of appreciation for his services and works, his struggle and his devotion to science and people, as well as his role and contribution in building the nation of Indonesia with noble character and dignity. Another milestone of his is the value of the struggle and at the same time his Islamic scholarship can be an example for the younger generation in particular and for anyone who aspires to build a nation of Indonesia which is based on the Belief in One God, fair and civilized, united in the context of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). Keywords: Kiai, Education, Pesantren, Majalengka, West Java Tulisan ini mengangkat biografi K.H. Abdul Halim dan gagasannya tentang pendidikan ekonomi di pesantren. Ia memiliki nama kecil Otong Syatori, dikenal sebagai ulama pejuang, pendidik, dan aktivis politik. Ia dilahirkan di Desa Ciborelang, Kecamatan Jatiwangi, Majalengka, Jawa Barat, pada 26 Juni 1887, dan wafat dalam usia 75 tahun pada 7 Mei 1962, di Santi Asromo, Majalengka. Ia mendapat gelar Pahlawan Nasional dari Pemerintah RI tahun 2008. Perjuangannya meliputi pendidikan, ekonomi, dan politik. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah deskriptif-analitis dengan perspektif historis. Adapun fokusnya, selain biog¬rafi singkat K.H. Abdul Halim, juga tentang konsep pendidikan eko¬no¬mi berbasis pesantren. Dari hasil pembahasan ditemukan bahwa ia telah melakukan pembaharuan di bidang pendidikan agama dan sekaligus memberikan keterampilan kewirausahaan bagi santri dan lulusannya. Awalnya gagasan tersebut berasal dari konsep pembaharuannya yang disebut Iṣlāḥ as-Ṡamāniyyah, yaitu: perbaikan akidah, ibadah, pendidikan, keluarga, kebiasaan (adat), masyarakat, ekonomi, dan hubungan umat dan tolong-menolong. Di bidang pendidikan, ia memadukan sistem pesantren dengan sistem sekolah, ilmu-ilmu agama dengan ilmu-ilmu umum, serta memberkali para santrinya dengan berbagai keterampilan tangan dan keahlian teknik. Di bidang ekonomi, disebutnya dengan Iṣlāḥ al-Iqtiṣād, untuk menanggulangi ketimpangan ekonomi di masyarakat, yaitu dengan menanamkan kesadaran kepada kaum muslimin agar berusaha memperbai¬ki dan meningkatkan kehidupan ekonominya dan berjuang secara bersama-sama melalui wadah koperasi. Kata kunci: Abdul Halim, Santi Asromo, pendidikan ekonomi, Iṣlāḥ as-Ṡamāniyyah, Iṣlāḥ al-Iqtiṣād

Stimulating the economy in the Republic of Korea in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
I. Korgun ◽  
S. Sutyrin
Keyword(s):  
Social Situation ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

This article discusses the measures of the government of the Republic of Korea to overcome the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. It shows what programs are being adopted to stabilize the social situation, normalize business activity and create conditions for the development of new sectors of the economy. An attempt is also made to suggest how relations with foreign economic partners may change in the post-tandem period.

Electronic Communication in the Paradigm of Interaction of State and Society

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-17
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Communication ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Communication Law ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Legal Communication ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

In recent decades, the phenomenon of mass electronic communication has been studied by various sciences. The right also turned out to be included in a similar discourse. Communication in the digital environment is the reason for the interaction of previously distant segments of society. In modern law, the concept of electronic communication remains in a certain sense debatable, it is often identified with legal communication. At the same time, electronic communication has an additional «dimension». The globalization of the information space encourages legal scholars to study electronic communication as the action and interaction of various actors, based on Internet technologies using web services, portals, blogs, websites, social networks. There is a need for re- levant legal regulation of the informational interaction between the authorities and society in the Republic of Belarus, in connection with which a new «field» is opening up for activities in various areas of law. The meaning of electronic communication is constantly expanding and, depending on the specialization, even varies. For an adequate understanding of electronic communication, law must take into account the tools of other humanities. In contact with the digital environment, legal science is called upon to reformat research tasks to explain the new empirical and theoretical experience associated with the transformation of the paradigm of interaction between the state and society in the network structures. The author comprehends these issues in relation to the conditions of development of e-government in the Republic of Belarus and the need for more active involvement of the public in the government.

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