scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of the Category of Diminutiveness in the Russian, English and Armenian Languages

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2 (20)) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Karine Abrahamyan
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Grammatical Category ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
Linguistic Images ◽  
Modern Russian

The paper highlights the most typical features of the lexico-grammatical category of diminutiveness from the derivational point of view. The correlation between language and culture, language and national linguistic traditions, language and national mentality is revealed through the category under study. The results of the research prove that applying cognitive approach to the analysis of the category of diminutiveness on the derivational level enables us to reveal: a) the existing asymmetry of linguistic images of the world in different languages, b) graduality of the lexico-grammatical category of diminutiveness in Modern Russian which brings forth peculiar derivational clusters.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of efficiency of democracy in Ukraine according to the indices of democracy The Economist Democracy Index, Freedom In the World and Polity IV

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 78-92
Author(s):  
Kateryna Fedoryshynа
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Integral Point ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Final Score ◽  
Legal Restrictions

This article represents an analysis of efficiency of Ukrainian democracy within the framework of three popural indices of democracy – The Economist Democracy Index, Freedom In the World index and Polity IV. Comparative analysis shows the core factors which bring three different democratic concepts, used in the indices, to the integral unity. Finding correlation between factors of Ukrainian democracy, measured in the indices through a certain time period (2006-2018), helps getting integral look at the problem of non existent universal theoretic base for understanding democracy. The basic idea of the analysis, represented in this article, shows that different factors, used by indices in measuring democracy, do not evenly correlate in practice, though they represent holistic approach to the essence of democracy. Choosing specific theoretical approach of understanding democracy makes it hard for indices to fully measure real democracy. This analysis aims at searching correlation in different basic factors of democratic models, used by indices with different approaches. As the result of the analysis the article ranks a number of basic factors, used in three popular indices of democracy, according to the strength of correlation of these factors with other factors of the index they represent and with the final score of the index. Integral choice of the basic factors, which correlate with the change of Ukraine’s democratic trends according to the three indices, covers several dimensions of democratic model. Ukrainian democratic trends in the specific time period (2006-2018), as the analysis shows, from integral point of view correlates the most with the changes in electoral process and pluralism, civil liberties and legal restrictions of the executive power. Political culture, political participation and individual rights show weak correlation with Ukrainian democratic trends within the period of time, chosen for the analysis.

scholarly journals PARTICULARS OF ADSORBENT REGENERATION WITH THE USE OF MICROWAVE ENERGY

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
Sergey Dobrotvorskiy ◽  
Ludmila Dobrovolska ◽  
Yevheniia Basova ◽  
Borys Aleksenko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Microwave Energy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Adsorbent Regeneration ◽  
The World ◽  
Microwave Regeneration

Energy conservation issues are acute in the world. Compressed air is widely used in the modern industrial production. The production of compressed air is a very energy-intensive process, since most of the energy, which is expended by the compressor, passes into the energy of heating. Compressed air cannot be used in modern production without a prior drying and cleaning. Industrial dryer’s air losses is up to 20% of compressed air additionally. Therefore, the issue of saving air during its drying stage is important. In the presented article, the thermal and aerodynamic processes that occur in the classical adsorption tower with the most modern design are considered. The processes that occur in the adsorption column with the microwave regeneration of the adsorbent are also considered. A comparative analysis of these constructions from the point of view of energy saving is made.

scholarly journals THE REPRESENTATION OF SUBCONCEPT THE BRITISH IN THE RUSSIAN BÉLLES-LÉTTRES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (11(79)) ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Anastasiia Plakhtii
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The World ◽  
Textual Approach ◽  
Belles Lettres ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Modern Russian

The purpose of this article is to analyze the lexical means of verbalization of the subconcept “THE BRITISH” in the Russian belles-lettres. The problem of national identity is closely related to the problem of national stereotype. The stereotype, including the national one, is closely related to the linguistic factor and has a discursive nature. According to S. Filyushkina, the national stereotype also creates its own special, verbalized reality, reflecting the nation’s ideas about itself or about another, very biased as a rule. These ideas have a collective character and are inherited by the individual due to education, the influence of the environment and public opinion. From the standpoint of the textual approach, the analysis of the linguistic embodiment of the kernel and the near periphery of the modern Russian literature of various periods (over 1000 samples). Verbalization of the image of the British in the artistic picture of the world is carried out using such frames as character, appearance, clothing, behavior. The appearance of the British is often assessed negatively. In terms of character, behavior and clothing, the British are divided into gentlemen and non-gentlemen. The former receive either a positive or an ironic assessment, the latter – more often negative, sometimes ironic. The good manners of the English are highlighted, especially in the process of their meal. English speech and pronunciation are also important from the point of view of authors.

scholarly journals Integrated Analysis of Terms from a Cognitive Point of View (Based on the Terminology of Photonic Crystals)

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 841-848
Author(s):  
V. O. Kuleshova
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystals ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
General Terms ◽  
The World ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Definition Of

The article proposes a comprehensive methodology approach to terminological systems. The methodology involves several stages. The first one involves a semantic analysis. Then follows a structural model of the terminology in question based on the logical connections between objects and processes of a certain special field and their reflection in the professional language. Finally, the researcher discloses the pragmatic potential of terminology units and demonstrates their role in determining the position of the terminological system in the scientific view of the world. The research objective was to describe and apply this approach to the analysis of the terminology of photonic crystals. The study featured the terminology of photonic crystals. The terms were selected from several scientific books. The author employed the following methods: the method of semantic analysis, a cognitive approach to describing the structure of the terminology, and contextual analysis. The author revealed a close relationship between the internal form of the term and the sign. Understanding the internal form of the term makes it possible to determine the place of the term in the terminology, which guarantees it correct interpretation and use. The article introduces a convolved model of the terminological structure of photonic crystals and explains how the terms are organized within the terminological system and how the terminological system can be embedded in the scientific view of the world. The author highlighted the role of general terms in integrating terminological systems into the scientific view of the world and in the relationship between different terminological systems. The most accurate definition of the boundaries of the terminology is possible only in the context where the term can fully exercise its meaning.

scholarly journals A cognitive-pragmatic análisis in British and AmericanNews

2011 ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Josefa Roldán Castro
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
News Item ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Structural Form ◽  
Structural Scheme ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Structural Part ◽  
The Guardian

The aim of this study is to analyze two articles in two different newspapers (The Guardian and Herald Tribune) to underline, following a rhetorical exposition, not only the parallels between them in terms of the information given and the incidents mentioned, but also the striking differences or contrasts in their treatment of the same event. This comparative analysis will follow two of the three main rhetorical components, that is: invention and disposition . In «invention» we shall deal with the semantic contents or subject matter of the news: deployment of missiles versus disarmament proposals. The main function of language displayed is the communicative one, and as it highlights the content of the message, the language is making use of the referential or denotative function in contrast to the connotative function . Arrangement or «disposition » contains an analysis of the structural scheme of both news texts, that is, how the previous material is organized into structural form. In this structural part we shall analyze the main parts of a news item: its headline, lead and the body. The news item adopts the structure of an inverted triangle: the most important facts appear in the » headline » and are explained in the » lead ». Although the two headlines treat the same event, they usually adopt different point of views in their treatment in the headline and the place they occupy within the paper. Emphasis will be laid on one of the three major functional-semantic components of a text: the ideational element, the field which tends to determine the transitivity pattern, types of processes, participants and settings (or circumstances). We are going to apply to these journalistic texts mainly a cognitive approach, but also a functional one, analyzing the processes and their components to deduce which ones are the commonest and why. To conclude, the contrast in newspaper styles is best seen when different newspapers deal with the same story right from the opening lines of a news item. These two articles are clear examples of journalistic language, in which the semantic contents are more or less the same although each newspaper focuses them according to a different point of view, paying attention to the elements which could more strongly interest their respective readers. This is related somehow to three main » cognitive linguistic » perspectives: experiential view, the prominence view, and attentional view. Finally, this comparative analysis will allow us to see how the culture and the ideology of the newspaper can influence the treatment of the same event.El objetivo de este estudio es analizar dos artículos periodísticos en dos periódicos diferentes (The Guardian y Herald Tribune) para resaltar, siguiendo una exposición retórica, no solamente las similitudes entre ellos en cuanto a la información publicada y los incidentes mencionados, sino también las diferencias más llamativas a la hora de tratar el mismo hecho. Este análisis comparativo tendrá como base dos de los tres principales componentes de la Retórica, es decir: «inventio» y «dispositio». En «inventio» nos centraremos en los contenidos semánticos o tema principal de la noticia: el despliegue de misiles frente a las propuestas de desarme. La principal función del lenguaje utilizada es la comunicativa y, al poner énfasis en el contenido del mensaje, se está haciendo uso de la función referencial o denotativa frente a la connotativa. «Dispositio» consiste en un análisis estructural de ambos textos, estos es, cómo el material anterior se organiza de manera estructurada. En este apartado dedicado a la estructura, analizaremos los principales componentes de una noticia: titular, encabezamiento y desarrollo o cuerpo. Las noticias periodísticas adoptan la forma de un triángulo invertido, ya que los hechos más importantes aparecen en el titular y se desarrollan en el encabezamiento. Aunque los dos titulares tratan el mismo tema, suelen adoptar diferentes puntos de vista al resumirlo en sus respectivos titulares, ocupando éstos distintos lugares en el periódico. Se hará hincapié en uno de los tres principales componentes funcionales-semánticos del texto: el elemento ideacional, el campo que determina el modelo de transitividad, tipos de procesos, participantes y circunstancias. Se aplicará a estos textos periodísticos una metodología cognitiva funcional a la hora de analizar los procesos y sus componentes para concluir cuáles son los más comunes y por qué. Como conclusión, el contraste en los estilos periodísticos se percibe mejor cuando diferentes periódicos tratan la misma noticia desde sus primeras líneas. Estos dos artículos son un claro ejemplo de lenguaje periodístico, en los que los contenidos semánticos son más o menos los mismos, aunque cada periódico los interpreta según su punto de vista, prestando más atención a los hechos que podrían interesar más a sus lectores respectivos. Esto está de alguna manera relacionado con los tres principales enfoques de la lingüística cognitiva: «punto de vista de la experiencia, de la importancia y de la atención.»Finalmente, este análisis comparativo nos permitirá demostrar cómo la cultura y la ideología de un periódico puede influir en el tratamiento de un mismo hecho.

scholarly journals Cognitive metaphor as a tool for study of work perception by different professional groups

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-141
Author(s):  
E.P. Sukhanov
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
Cognitive Metaphor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Precise Tool ◽  
Thinking Process

This article contains an analysis of cognitive approach to metaphor and of pos- sibility to use it in researching objects perception by people. Metaphor is considered as a part of thinking process and at the same time as its product, which can be meaning- ful for thinking process analysis itself. The main basics of metaphor were formulated. Methods were modified for creating metaphors. A wide range of respondents were at- tracted to help many of them with creating metaphors as it is too difficult task from their point of view. To open diagnostically potential of cognitive metaphor it was held comparative analysis of metaphors for perception of work among 124 teachers and 52 medicine workers. The result of content analysis helped to find metaphor groups reflecting some patterns of perception of work. It was shown that cognitive metaphor is effective and precise tool which helps to understand characteristic perception people have about their work.

scholarly journals MENTAL CONSTRUCT “MEANDER” AS A UNIVERSAL PROTOTYPICAL SYMBOL IN LANGUAGE AND CULTURE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimona Amichba ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Level ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Symbol System ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Sign Systems ◽  
Structure Abstract ◽  
The World ◽  
Mental Construct ◽  
Mental Constructs

In this article, the mental construct "meander" is described from the standpoint of cognitive science and the theory of sign systems, it is considered as a universal prototypical symbol in language and culture. "Meander" is qualified as a deep sign, the mental fields of which are actualized by universal metaphorically structured images. Being an ambivalent "universal" Word, the "meander" in its deep structuring is objectified by mental fields of both positive and negative connotations. Based on the well-known position of Yu. S. Stepanov, according to which language as a construct and it consists of a core, social and mental shells, we were able to not only analyze and describe, but also to show the deep nature and potential capabilities of the prototypical symbol of the "meander". No less important for this work is the thesis that language is "a system capable of generating an infinite number of texts". "Meander" is characterized by a complex system of symbols, in which each element carries deep meanings and senses. Understanding the complexity of the prototypical symbol system, it should be noted that the study of such a scientific object as a "meander" should not be limited only from the position of linguistic disciplines. At the same time, "Meander" is attributed to both a stereotype and a prototypical symbol, since both concepts are associated with the content side of language and culture, that is, they are understood as mental constructs that correlate with the picture of the world. The purpose of this article is to describe the multi-component mental construct "meander" from the point of view of its deep structuring. “Meander” as a “stereotype” and a prototypical symbol incorporates the meanings of language and culture, and therefore is understood as a mental construct that adequately reflects the linguistic image of the world. "Stereotypes" and "prototypical symbols", to which we also refer the mental construct "meander", are transmitted by cognitive mechanisms, and, accordingly, are verbalized by one or another sense and meaning. Since the "meander" is a deep abstract prototypical symbol, it is able not only to combine many similar forms of the same object, but also to structure abstract connotative images that are categorized at a deep level. And in this sense, "Meander" is considered by us both as a prototypical symbol, and as a stereotype, and as a pattern, since it is structured according to a model that is often repeated. The results of the analysis showed that the universal, "common human" symbol "meander" is a deeply structured mental construction objectified by meanings and meanings in languages and cultures.

scholarly journals Tradition of nature and man in the literature (based on the material of comparative analysis of the Russian and English worldviews)

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Ganyushina
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
World Language ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
Linguistic Sign ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

The article focuses on the problem of the symbolic properties of language and linguistic sign within of the world language image (further WLI). Its solution offers the prospect of a deeper understanding of the relationship of language and culture. As a subject of study the metaphorical rethinkings of different concepts in English and Russian languages with the components of ancient symbols, legends left their mark on the world perception of different nations. The study shows the way the linguistic sign begins to express symbolic ideas, influence the semantics of expressions, closely cooperating with the cultural space, a myth and modern associations.

New humanitarian practices for developing human potential: edutainment centers megacities of the World

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-114
Author(s):  
Ksenia Andreevna Fiofanova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Soft Skills ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Science Parks ◽  
Social Competencies ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Educational Potential

The article presents a comparative analysis of the development of edutainment centers (towns of professions, science parks, museums-interactoriums) in the cities of the world. Edutainment centers, in fact, not being pedagogical centers, implement humanitarian practices for the development of children, focusing on the development of social competencies (soft-skills), self-determination competencies (self-skills), competencies of the 21st century (future-skills). In educational research from a scientific and pedagogical point of view, the educational potential of edutainment centers has not been studied. However, their importance in the development of human potential is quite large. Also, according to the indicator «innovative educational infrastructure» (including edutainment centers), the index of innovative cities in the world and the index of human development are calculated. That is, the phenomenon of edutainment centers and their educational potential is an important element of the social and educational policy of the countries of the world.

“OBVIOUS – INCREDIBLE”. METHODS OF DESCRIBING OF A MYSTICAL SITUATION IN MYTHOLOGICAL NARRATIVES

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 14-27
Author(s):  
Chervaneva Victoria A. ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Contextual Analysis ◽  
Image Feature ◽  
The World

The article discusses the features of the image feature of the situation when a person contacts a mythological character or a phenomenon in oral mythological stories from the point of view of the speaker’s assessing the situation by the reliability degree. The study was conducted by the method of semantic and contextual analysis of perceptual vocabulary and verbal units expressing an assessment of reliability of the message. A comparative analysis was also used for the vocabulary of the fairy tales as texts of another modality. The study showed that the message of a mystical event in mythological narratives is especially marked, because it is an event the very reality of which can be questioned and which, therefore, is perceived as incredible. In mythological prose, unlike a fairy tale, the means of expressing an assessment of the reliability degree are very frequent, and the frequency of those words is much higher than in the general language. In mythological narratives, the values of both ends of the reliability scale are presented with all types of expressions for the speaker assessing his state of knowledge of the world, described in linguistics (situations of simple, categorical and problematic reliability).

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