scholarly journals Predictors of Overweight and Obesity among Children in Haldwani, Uttarakhand

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Bhawna Choudhary ◽  
Nutan Singh ◽  
Ankush Bathla ◽  
Ramesh Chand
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Junk Food ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Based

Background: Obesity has become a concerning pediatric health problem in the modern era with lifestyle changes in globalization, economic development and easy access to technology. The aim of the study is to study the anthropometric profile of overweight and obesity and its associated risk factors. Subjects and Methods: A school-based cross-sectional study was implemented among randomly chosen 100 obese  and overweight children aged between 10-18 years over 15 months. Data was collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire and anthropometry was done and categorized as overweight and obese as per WHO BMI- age cutoff. Results: 41 % (n=41) were obese and 59% (n=59) were overweight. 65 % (n=65) were males. In all the age groups the mean weight of males was more except in the age group 10-12 years. Mean weight (64.39  12.88 kg) and mean BMI (26.04   1.95 kg/m2) of obese children is significantly higher than mean weight (56.73   9.76 kg) and mean BMI (23.25  1.98 kg/m2) of overweight children respectively. Risk factors like skipping breakfast (p= 0.034), calorie excess   (p= 0.032), junk food intake more than once (p=0.008) and junk food daily (p=0.036) were found to be significantly associated with childhood obesity. Conclusion: Sensitization of parents and teachers with school-based programs like active participation in sports, regular anthropometric examinations of students are important measures that can be taken to curb this rising problem.

scholarly journals Assessment of Risk Factors of Noncommunicable Diseases among Semiurban Population of Kavre District, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Punjita Timalsina ◽  
Regina Singh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Current Tobacco

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are posing a great threat to mankind. Timely identification, prevention, and control of common risk factors help to reduce the burden of death from NCDs. These risk factors are also closely related to lifestyle changes. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of risk factors of NCDs among semiurban population of Kavre district. Community-based cross-sectional study design using the multistage sampling method was used to select 456 respondents. Data were collected using WHO’s STEPS instruments 1 and 2. Four behavioural risk factors, i.e., current tobacco use, harmful alcohol use, physical inactivity, and inadequate servings of fruits and vegetables and two metabolic risk factors, i.e., abdominal obesity and hypertension were included in the study. The study revealed that more than one-third (36.0%; 43.0–52.2%) were current tobacco users, nearly one-sixth (15.8%; 12.7–19.4%) consumed alcohol harmfully, most of all did not have adequate servings of fruits and vegetables (95.8%; 93.6–97.3%), nearly two-thirds have abdominal obesity (62.1%; 57.5–66.4%), and more than one-fifth of population had hypertension (22.1%; 18.6–26.2%). Only 1.1% respondents were free from risk factors, while 78.5%, 46.1%, 14.5%, and 1.8% had two, three, four, and five risk factors, respectively. The co-occurrence of three or more risk factors was associated with increasing age (AOR ranging 4.7–10.9), male sex (AOR = 3.9 (2.4–6.3); p < 0.001 ), and illiterate respondents (AOR = 1.7 (1.0–2.9); p = 0.038 ). The study concludes that almost all adults residing in semiurban areas of Kavre district have at least one or more risk factors, and nearly half of them have three or more risk factors. This suggests appropriate preventive approaches to be focused on younger age groups, male sex, and illiterate population to reduce the prevalence of NCDs in the near future.

scholarly journals Assessing the Association Between Nutritional Status, Caries, and Gingivitis in Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2110012
Author(s):  
Mariane C.F. Barbosa ◽  
Caio L.B. Reis ◽  
Célia M.C.F. Lopes ◽  
Isabela R. Madalena ◽  
Erika C. Küchler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
International System ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Dietary Habit ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Periodontal Index ◽  
Community Periodontal Index

Objective. To evaluate if nutritional status is associated with caries and gingivitis in Brazilian schoolchildren. Material and methods. Children of both genders, age ranging from 8 to 11 years old, were included in this study. Caries was diagnosed using ICDAS (International System for Detection and Assessment of Carious Lesions) and gingivitis was diagnosed using the Community Periodontal Index. The nutritional status of each child was defined by BMI Z-score calculation. Data on oral health behavior and dietary habit were collected through parent’s questionnaires. Parametric analyzes were performed to compare the groups. The established alpha was 5%. Results. The sample consisted of 353 schoolchildren: 16 underweight children, 247 eutrophic children, 64 overweight children, and 26 were obese children. Overweight, Obese and Overweight + Obese children presented less cavitated caries lesion than Eutrophic children ( P < .05). Gingivitis was not associated with nutritional status ( P > .05). Conclusion. Caries was associated with overweight and obesity in Brazilian schoolchildren.

scholarly journals Association of high birth weight with overweight and obesity in Chinese students aged 6–18 years: a national, cross-sectional study in China

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e024532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyong Zou ◽  
Zhongping Yang ◽  
Zhaogeng Yang ◽  
Xijie Wang ◽  
Di Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Chinese Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

BackgroundThe prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in China has drastically increased 57 times over the past 30 years, and to control birth weight is an effective way to reduce the risk of overweight and obesity across the life course.ObjectiveThis paper aimed to evaluate the association of high birth weight (HBW) with overweight and obesity in Chinese students aged 6–18 years.MethodsAll students with HBW (n=4981) aged 6–18 years were selected from a cross-sectional survey from seven provinces of China, and 4981 other students with normal birth weight (NBW) were randomly sampled with matched gender, age and province. Anthropometric parameters were measured and characteristics were collected by questionnaires. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the OR of overweight and obesity with HBW, unadjusted and adjusted for confounding factors.ResultsParticipants with HBW revealed higher body mass index in childhood. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was significantly higher in the HBW group than in the NBW group (overweight 15.3% vs 13.1%, p<0.05; obesity 16.9% vs 10.6%, p<0.05), and the results were similar for overweight in all age groups except age 6–7, age 14–15 and age 16–18. Additionally, HBW was positively associated with overweight (OR=1.230; 95% CI 1.056 to 1.432) and obesity (OR=1.611; 95% CI 1.368 to 1.897) after adjustment for covariates.ConclusionsHBW leads to an increased risk of overweight and obesity in childhood; thus, measures to control birth weight, such as controlling gestational weight gain, should be taken from the earliest beginning of life.Trial registration numberNCT02343588; Post-results.

scholarly journals SP189THE CHARACTERISTICS AND RISK FACTORS OF MORTALITY FOR AKI IN DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS IN CHINA—A NATIONAL CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. i149-i150
Author(s):  
Qing Wei ◽  
Hong Liu ◽  
Yan Tu ◽  
Ri Ning Tang ◽  
Yan Li Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated risk factor of hypertension among individuals of age 18-59 years in South-eastern Nepal: A cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prajjwal Pyakurel ◽  
Deepak Kumar Yadav ◽  
Jeevan Thapa ◽  
Nishant Thakur ◽  
Pramita Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for the rising burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in developing region. It has also been recognized as one of the major public health problems in the developing countries since the early seventies and the rate is increasing not only in urban areas but in rural areas with low socio-economic condition.  Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Jogidaha Village Development Comittee(VDC) and Triyuga Municipality of Udaypur district of South-Eastern Nepal. A total of 430 participants of age 18-59 years were selected. Semi-structured questionnaire (WHO NCD STEPS instrument) was used to collect information on demographic variables and associated risk factors with use of show cards. Clinical and anthropometric measurement were done. Primary outcome was prevalence of hypertension. Bivariate and multivariate analysis were performed to show strength of association among various risk factors with hypertension.  Results: The prevalence of hypertension was found to be 25.1%. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was found to be 49.8%. Hypertension was significantly associated with age (AOR=1.09, CI=1.05-1.10) and gender (male >female; AOR= 2.12,CI =1.22-3.68). Similarly, increased waist-hip ratio(7.12; CI 2.87-17.67),alcohol consumption(OR=2.82,CI=1.77-4.52), and use of tobacco products (OR =1.8,CI=1.02-3.20) showed significant association with hypertension. Conclusion: There is high prevalence of hypertension in rural districts of South-Eastern Nepal. A community-based preventive approach with early detection and treatment and life-style modification is needed to reduce the burden of disease and make sustainable changes. 

scholarly journals Schistosoma mansoni infection and risk factors among fishermen at Lake Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadesse Menjetta ◽  
Daniel Dana ◽  
Serkadis Debalke
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽  
The Status ◽  
Hook Worm

Schistosomiasis/Bilharziasis is one of the neglected tropical parasitic diseases caused by different species of genus schistosoma. Among the species, S.mansoni (causative agents of intestinal schistosomiasis) is one of the causes of severe intestinal parasitic infections with high public and medical importance in Ethiopia. There is scarcity of information about the status of S.mansoni infection among the fisherman in the present study area and in the country at large. Therefore this study was designed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of S.mansoni infection among fishermen at Lake Hawassa, southern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among the fishermen from April to June 2013 in Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia. A total of 243 fishermen were included by Systematic Random Sampling from the lists of the fishermen members in the registration book of fishermen associations in the Hawassa Town. Data on socio-demographic features and risk factors were collected by using semi-structured questionnaires. Stool samples were collected and processed using Kato-Katz thick smear techniques and examined between 30- 40 minute for hook worm and after 24 hours for S.mansoni and other soil transmitted helminths (STHs). The overall prevalence of S.mansoni among the fishermen was 29.21% (71/243) and the mean intensity of infection was 158.88 eggs per gram (EPG). The prevalence of intestinal helminths including S.mansoni was 69.54% (169/243). Moreover, the prevalence of soil transmitted helminths (STHs) were 40.74% (99/243), 35.80% (87/243) and 5.76% (14/243) for A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura and hookworm species, respectively. Almost similar prevalence of S.mansoni, 31.82%, 31.75%, 31.94% were recorded in age groups of 15-19, 20-24 and 25-29 years, respectively. Fishermen who are swimming always were 2.92 times [95% CI: 1.554, 5.502] more likely to acquire S.mansoni infection than other water contacting habit of the study participants. The results of current investigation indicated the moderate endemicity of S.mansoni among the fishermen at Lake Hawassa, southern Ethiopia. Fishermen could be the potential risk group for S.mansoni infection and might be responsible for the transmission of S.mansoni to other segments of the communities. Since high prevalence of STH were recorded among the fishermen, integrated prevention and control strategies from different sectors might be important to tackle the problem. Key words: S.mansoni, Soil transmitted helminths, Fishermen, Lake Hawassa, Ethiopia

scholarly journals A study on prevalence of hypertension and its relationship with overweight and obesity in adolescents and young adults, Nizamabad city

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 3861
Author(s):  
G. Chethan Raj ◽  
Syam Sundar Junapudi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Population

Background: The overall imbalance between unhealthy diet intake and physical activity leads to obesity which contributes to high blood pressure and high cholesterol. It is multi factorial disease and changes in the levels of blood pressure and blood lipids differ by age sex and race and are influenced by body fat and dietary patterns. These risk factors need to be monitored and evaluated in childhood and adolescents. So identifying and modifying the risk factors in early age reduces the incidence in adolescents and adult. Prevalence of hypertension varies across countries and states. The prevalence of hypertension in India is reported as ranging from 10 to 30.9%. The objective of the present study is to observe the prevalence hypertension among study population and to study contributing factors for hypertension among study population.Methods: A cross sectional study done on 100 adolescents and young adults of both sexes in the age group 17 to 25 years from 2 degree colleges randomly selected in Nizamabad city, Telangana, India.Results: In the present study population 52 were males and 48 were females, 22 students belongs to rural area and 78 belongs to urban area, pre-hypertension and hypertension was found 8% in both age groups. Overweight and obesity (>25) was found 7% in 17-19 age group and 9% in 20-25 age group. Pre-hypertension and hypertension was found among 10% of alcoholics.Conclusions: The result of our study concluded that there is increasing prevalence of hypertension with increase in age and is associated with overweight and obesity. 

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OBESITY AND OVERWEIGHT WITH THE INTAKE OF VITAMIN D AND CALCIUM RICH FOODS AMONG PRIVATE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN SHAH ALAM, MALAYSIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
University Students ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unhealthy Eating ◽  
Obesity And Overweight

Introduction: Obesity and overweight are one of the health problems that critically increasing nowadays in worldwide including Malaysia due to lifestyle changes such as inactive lifestyle as well as unhealthy eating habit. This study, therefore is to find if there is a relationship between obesity and overweight with the intake of vitamin D and calcium rich foods to see if there is any difference intake between normal, obesity and overweight group. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 255 Management and Science University students (MSU) who having a normal, overweight and obesity of body mass index. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaire consisting of two part which is sociodemographic questions and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Result: For calcium intake, there is a significant association between body mass index (BMI) and calcium which is (p = 0.008) respectively and there is no significant association between BMI and Vitamin D intake (p = 0.594) Conclusion: The study found that there is a relationships between obesity and overweight with intake of calcium rich food and no relationship between obesity and overweight with the intake of Vitamin D. Further study are needed to build causal relationships and develop preventative measures.

scholarly journals Body mass index in individuals with HIV infection and factors associated with thinness and overweight/obesity

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1997-2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolline de Araújo Mariz ◽  
Maria de Fátima P. Militão de Albuquerque ◽  
Ricardo Arraes de Alencar Ximenes ◽  
Heloísa Ramos Lacerda de Melo ◽  
Francisco Bandeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count

A cross-sectional study was conducted using body mass index (BMI) to estimate the prevalence of thinness and overweight/obesity and associated factors in 2,018 individuals with HIV/AIDS attending health services referral centers. The dependent variable was classified as thinness, overweight/obesity and eutrophy. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed considering eutrophy as the reference level. The prevalence of thinness was 8.8% and of overweight/obesity, 32.1%. The variables associated with thinness were anemia and CD4 cell count < 200mm³. The variables associated with risk of overweight/obesity were age > 40 years and diabetes, and the variables identified as decreasing likelihood of overweight/obesity were having no long-term partner, smoking, presence of an opportunistic disease, anemia, and albumin levels < 3.5mg/dL. The main nutritional problem observed in this population was overweight and obesity, which were much more prevalent than thinness. Older individuals with diabetes should be targeted for nutritional interventions and lifestyle changes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of nutritional status of foreign students at King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Mohammed A Mohammed ◽  
Ghedeir M Alshammari ◽  
Elfadil E Babiker
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Spring Semester ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
King Saud University

AbstractObjective:The current study was conducted to assess the nutritional status and associated risk factors among foreign students residing at King Saud University for different periods and to explore its correlations.Design:A cross-sectional study was conducted during the spring semester of 2018. A total of 400 male students aged 18–35 years had participated in the current study after signing a written consent form according to Helsinki Declaration.Setting:A structural questionnaire was used to collect data on daily food intake and habits and socio-economic characteristics. Nutrients of food intake were assessed using the Esha programme and compared with that of dietary requirement intake (DRI). A body composition analyser was used to measure body fat (BF), visceral fat (VF) and BMI. Spearman correlation coefficients and simple regression analysis were performed to determine associations between variables.Participants:Foreign students residing for different periods (<6 months: 200 students and >6 months: 200 students) were used as subjects.Results:The students who stayed <6 months consumed lower level of some nutrients than that of the DRI compared with those stayed >6 months. Overweight and obesity were more common among students who stayed >6 months with high values of BF and VF. Several risk factors were positively or negatively correlated with the students’ nutrition proxies.Conclusion:Most of the students who stayed >6 months are suffered from overweight. Some independent variables were found to be significantly correlated with the students’ nutrition proxies either positively or negatively.

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