scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) Producers from Kg Batu Melintang hotspring

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ng Sieh Lee ◽  
Ainihayati Abdul Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Biodegradable Polymers ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Nile Blue ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Minimal Salt Medium ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Orange Fluorescence ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact

The increasing awareness on the negative environmental impact of petroleum-based plastics has driven industries to explore more efficient biodegradable polymers for production of bioplastic. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) is one of the potential biodegradable polymers to replace petroleum-based plastic. It is synthesized and accumulated as intracellular granules in microorganism. In this study, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) producing bacteria were successfully isolated from sediment collected from Kg. Batu Melintang hotspring. Isolation process was carried on Minimal Salt Medium (MSM) agar supplemented with excess glucose as a carbon source. Potential PHA producers were screened by using Nile Blue staining plate assay. Out of 144 bacterial isolates, 12 bacterial isolates which showed strong orange fluorescence under ultraviolet (UV) light (365nm) were selected for further identification by morphological characterization and biochemical analysis. Based on the result obtained, possible species for Gram positive rod shape bacteria B75 and B87 is Corynebacterium kutsceri meanwhile Gram negative rod shape bacteria A4, A12, A50, A68, B2, B13, B22, B31, B73 and C3 showed affiliation to Citrobacter sp., Enterobacter sp., Erwinia sp., Klebsiella sp., Proteus sp., Salmonella sp., Serratia sp., Shigella sp., and Yersinia sp.

scholarly journals Isolation and Screening of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) Producing Bacteria Utilizing Agricultural Waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-342
Author(s):  
Inzer Gul Afghan ◽  
Anupama Shrivastav
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Solid Medium ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Nile Blue ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Synthetic Polymer ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Agriculture Waste

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biosynthetic, environmentally friendly and biodegradable polyester stored as a granules inside the cytoplasm of microorganisms, granules are compounds of PHAs used as carbon and energy source, Synthetic polymer take many years to demolish completely, microorganisms can degrade PHAs within a year into carbon dioxide, water and energy, The main contributor for PHAs production cost is carbon sources cost, Accordingly it is favorable to produce PHA from any agriculture waste like rice bran. Aim of this dissertation is to utilize rice bran which was obtained from Limda field near Parul University, screening and isolation of polyhydroxyalkanoates PHAs producing bacteria, Synthesis of most effective PHB, different wild type microorganisms were studied by flask shaking method to determine their ability to produce PHA utilizing rice bran as carbon source, Total 16 isolates showed the fluorescence in the presence of Nile blue in solid medium under UV light, two bacterial isolates SF-3 and SF-2 isolated from jaggery waste, respectively, PHA Accumulation for (2%RB-1%) and (2%RB-5%) was 68% and 47% PHA/(CDW) respectively, the PHB obtain from (2%RB-1%) and (2%RB-5%) was analyzed by FTIR and NMR as poly hydroxyl butyrate (PHB). Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 8(3): 336-342

ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYHYDROXYALKANOATES (PHAS) PRODUCING BACTERIA FROM BRACKISH STREAM

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Azimah Mohd Zain ◽  
Laila Muftah Ali Zargoun ◽  
Nur Fatihah Elias ◽  
Mohd Firdaus Abdul-Wahab ◽  
Mohd Suardi Suhaimi
Keyword(s):  
Nile Blue ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Property A ◽  
Identification Procedure ◽  
Sudan Black B ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Lipid Granules

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biopolymers which have similar characteristics with petrochemical plastics but a step better due to its biodegradable property. A total of 23 strains were isolated from two different brackish sources. In order to detect the PHAs granules, the PHAs producing bacteria were first screened with Sudan Black B staining. Twenty strains were observed with lipid granules and were subjected to further confirmation with Nile blue staining.  From the Nile blue staining, only 10 strains have the ability in producing PHAs and 2 were identified as strong PHAs producers. This study focuses on the 2 strains named S1 and L1. Further identification procedure was carried out and found that strain S1 and L1 belongs to Pseudomonas sp. L1 strain was found to be promising for PHAs production since it accumulated PHAs for about 88.3%. The PHAs produced by this strain was analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis and was identified as poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (P-3HB).

Isolation and Characterization of Cellulose Degrading Bacteria of Termite Gut from North Eastern Region of India

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 283-290
Author(s):  
Sonika Sharma ◽  
Soumya Chatterjee ◽  
Sibnarayan Datta ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Prasad ◽  
Angkita Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agar Plate ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization ◽  
North East ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Termite Gut

A study was conducted to screen and isolate cellulase producing bacteria of termite gut from North east region of India. A total of 27 culturable bacterial isolates were screened for cellulase production. Out of the 27 bacterial isolates 11 showed zone of clearance on CMC agar media on staining with 1% Congo red, suggesting potential cellulose degrading activity. The maximum hydrolysis capacities (HC value) on CMC agar plate was found within the range of 3.6 to 40mm. The morphological characterization and gram staining of the positive isolates indicated that 3 isolates were positively stained rods and others were negative cocci. All the cellulase positive isolates were also tested for carbohydrate utilization with maltose, dextrose and fructose, to which all the 11 isolates responded positively. Further, based on the amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA genetic region, isolates were identified as member of the genus Bacillus, Paenibacillus and Staphylococcus. The degrading potential of these bacteria were assessed by developing bacterial consortium and efficient degradation was reported after seven days of incubation with different cellulose source like rice, cotton and rice husk.

scholarly journals Comparative study on lesions of reproductive disorders of cows and female dromedary camels slaughtered at Addis Ababa, Adama and Akaki abbatoirs with bacterial isolation and characterization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aynalem Mandefro ◽  
Tilaye Demissie Ayana ◽  
Gemechu Chala Hunderra ◽  
Tadesse Gidey Gebrezihar ◽  
Bulto Giro Boru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Normal Structure ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Pathological Lesions ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

Abstract Background: Reproduction is a basic prerequisite to efficient livestock production. Reproductive performance depends upon the normal structure and function of genital organs. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2016 to May 2017 to identify and compare the frequency of pathological lesions in the reproductive tract and to isolate bacteria associated to uterine lesions in female dromedary camels and cows slaughtered at Akaki camel slaughter house and Addis Ababa and Adama municipal abattoirs. Abattoirs were visited once per week for 28 weeks during which three to seven animals on average were slaughtered per day. A purposive sampling technique was employed to examine reproductive tracts of all slaughtered animals (280; 140 cows and 140 camels). Following gross inspection at abattoirs, tissue samples with lesion were collected for histopathological and bacteriological investigation. Result: Various pathological lesions with different degrees of severity were observed in 48 (34.2%) and 51 (36.4%) of dromedary camels and cows, respectively. Uterine lesions were the most prevalent 21.4% lesions observed in dromedary camels followed by ovarian lesions 7.14%; while in cows, ovarian lesions were the major prevalent 16.4% lesions followed by uterine lesion 14.2%. The result showed that there were 56 bacteria isolated from cows uterine lesion with Staphylococcus species 28.5%, Streptococci species 19.6%, Coynebacterium species 8.9%, Escherichia coli 26.78%, Salmonella species 10.7% and Klebsiella species 5.35% being the prominent isolates; while in camels, there were 45 bacteria isolated with Escherichia coli 35.5%, Staphylococcus species 26.6%, Streptococcus species 13.3%, Pseudomonas species 6.6 %, Proteus species 4.4%, Salmonella species 8.8% and Klebsiella species 4.4% being the most frequently isolated. The result showed that the major isolates were similar with slightly higher in cows. Histopathologically, endometrial glands degeneration, sloughing of epithelium, peri-glandular cuffing and infiltrations of inflammatory cell were some of characteristic changes observed in uterus. Conclusions: Pathological lesions in reproductive organs in female dromedary camels and cows showed great prevalence, with similarity in bacterial isolates between the two species. The role of each reproductive lesions and bacterial isolates incriminated as causes of reproductive failures in this livestock species needs further investigation.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Pb Resistant Bacteria from Cilalay Lake, Indonesia

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kesi Kurnia ◽  
Nina Hermayani Sadi ◽  
Syafitri Jumianto
Keyword(s):  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Standard Disk

<span>Pollution of water environment with heavy metals is becoming one of the most severe environmental and human health hazards. Lead (Pb) is a major pollutant and highly toxic to human, animals, plants, and microbes. </span><span lang="IN">Toxic metals are difficult to remove from the environment, since they cannot be chemically or biologically degraded and are ultimately indestructible. Biological approaches based on metal-resistant microorganisms have received a great deal of attention as alternative remediation processes. </span><span>This study aim to isolat</span><span lang="IN">e</span><span> and characterize Pb resistant of heterotrophic bacteria in Cilalay Lake, </span><span lang="IN">West Java, </span><span>Indonesia. The water samples were collected </span><span lang="IN">along</span><span> three points around Cilalay Lake. </span><span lang="IN">Water physical and chemical </span><span>determination was performed using the Water Quality Checker</span><span lang="IN">. </span><span>The bacterial isolates were screened on T</span><span lang="IN">r</span><span>ipton</span><span lang="IN">e</span><span> Glucose Yeast (TGY) agar plates. </span><span lang="IN">Afterwards s</span><span>elected isolates were grown on Nutrient Agar media 50% </span><span lang="IN">with </span><span>supplemented Pb 100 ppm by the standard disk. Population of resistant bacteria was counted. The result from metal resistant bacteria indicated that all isolates w</span><span lang="IN">ere</span><span> resistant. The most abundant type of resistant </span><span lang="IN">bacteria </span><span>to lead was Gram negative more than Gram positive. Identified have metal resistant bacteria could be useful for the bioremediation of heavy metal contaminated sewage and waste water</span>

Programmed cell death during Drosophila embryogenesis

Development ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Abrams ◽  
K. White ◽  
L.I. Fessler ◽  
H. Steller
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Acridine Orange ◽  
Nile Blue ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Nuclear Condensation ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Ultrastructural Appearance ◽  
Dying Cells

The deliberate and orderly removal of cells by programmed cell death is a common phenomenon during the development of metazoan animals. We have examined the distribution and ultrastructural appearance of cell deaths that occur during embryogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. A large number of cells die during embryonic development in Drosophila. These cells display ultrastructural features that resemble apoptosis observed in vertebrate systems, including nuclear condensation, fragmentation and engulfment by macrophages. Programmed cell deaths can be rapidly and reliably visualized in living wild-type and mutant Drosophila embryos using the vital dyes acridine orange or nile blue. Acridine orange appears to selectively stain apoptotic forms of death in these preparations, since cells undergoing necrotic deaths were not significantly labelled. Likewise, toluidine blue staining of fixed tissues resulted in highly specific labelling of apoptotic cells, indicating that apoptosis leads to specific biochemical changes responsible for the selective affinity to these dyes. Cell death begins at stage 11 (approximately 7 hours) of embryogenesis and thereafter becomes widespread, affecting many different tissues and regions of the embryo. Although the distribution of dying cells changes drastically over time, the overall pattern of cell death is highly reproducible for any given developmental stage. Detailed analysis of cell death in the central nervous system of stage 16 embryos (13-16 hours) revealed asymmetries in the exact number and position of dying cells on either side of the midline, suggesting that the decision to die may not be strictly predetermined at this stage. This work provides the basis for further molecular genetic studies on the control and execution of programmed cell death in Drosophila.

scholarly journals ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CARBENDAZIM DEGRADING Trichoderma harzianum RIFAI MUTANTS

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
ITAMAR SOARES DE MELO ◽  
CÉLIA MARIA MAGANHOTTO DE S. SILVA ◽  
JANE L. FAULL
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Pesticide Degradation ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Degradation Ability

Mutants of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai, obtained after ultraviolet (UV) light exposure, showed high resistant to the fungicide benomyl. A mutant (2B6) was capable of degrading carbendazim, other fungicide of the benzimidazole fungicide. This mutant degraded 41.5% of the molecule within five days. This and others mutants (2B1 and 2B2) presented variation in size and frequency of uni-nucleated and/or bi-nucleated spores compared to the wild type. Four primers generated RAPDs patterns that allowed the mutant to be differentiated from the wild-type. It is concluded that using UV mutagenization, it is feasible to obtain strains of T. harzianum with improved pesticide degradation ability.

scholarly journals ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIOXIDANT COMPOUNDS FROM ETHYL ACETATE AND METHANOL EXTRACTS OF GARCINIA DAEDALANTHERA PIERRE LEAVES

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Anisa Puspitaningrum ◽  
Berna Elya ◽  
Katrin .
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Spectrum Analysis ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Dpph Method

Objective: This study aimed to isolate and characterize the compounds responsible for the high antioxidant activities of the ethyl acetate and methanolextracts of Garcinia daedalanthera Pierre leaves.Methods: In this study, the ethyl acetate extract was obtained by column chromatography, and the methanol extract was obtained by vacuum columnchromatography. The mobile phase comprised n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol with increased polarity. Antioxidant activity was examined usingthe 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The fraction with the highest antioxidant activity was purified through column chromatography,recrystallization, and preparative thin-layer chromatography. This fraction, termed the isolate of B, was identified using DPPH and AlCl3, and itsantioxidant activity was quantitatively tested.Results: From this research, 21.7 mg of the isolate of B were obtained with an IC50 of 5.82 μg/mL. Identification using an AlCl3 sprayer producedyellow phosphorescent spots under UV light. UV-Vis spectrum analysis revealed the presence of an aromatic compound and conjugated double bonds.Infrared spectrum analysis revealed the presence of −OH, C–H alkane, C=C aromatic, C=O, and C-O-C groups.Conclusion: Based on this research, 21.7 mg of the isolate of B was derived through fractionation of the methanol extract, and this isolate exhibitedantioxidant activity with an IC50 of 5.82 μg/mL. The isolate of B was considered to be a flavonoid, as it was fluorescent under UV light (366 nm) afterbeing sprayed with AlCl3 reagent.

Isolation and characterization of bacteria from the rhizosphere and bulk soil of Stellera chamaejasme L.

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Cui ◽  
Xiaoyan Yang ◽  
Dengxue Lu ◽  
Hui Jin ◽  
Zhiqiang Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Phenotypic Properties ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Fruiting Stage ◽  
Major Shift ◽  
Stellera Chamaejasme ◽  
Bacterial Groups

This study is the first to describe the composition and characteristics of culturable bacterial isolates from the rhizosphere and bulk soil of the medicinal plant Stellera chamaejasme L. at different growth stages. Using a cultivation-dependent approach, a total of 148 isolates showing different phenotypic properties were obtained from the rhizosphere and bulk soil. Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were the major bacterial groups in both the rhizosphere and bulk soil at all 4 growth stages of S. chamaejasme. The diversity of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere was higher than that in bulk soil in flowering and fruiting stages. The abundance of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere changed with the growth stages and had a major shift at the fruiting stage. Dynamic changes of bacterial abundance and many bacterial groups in the rhizosphere were similar to those in bulk soil. Furthermore, most bacterial isolates exhibited single or multiple biochemical activities associated with S. chamaejasme growth, which revealed that bacteria with multiple physiological functions were abundant and widespread in the rhizosphere and bulk soil. These results are essential (i) for understanding the ecological roles of bacteria in the rhizosphere and bulk soil and (ii) as a foundation for further evaluating their efficacy as effective S. chamaejasme growth-promoting rhizobacteria.

scholarly journals Effects of Targeted Replacement of the Tomatinase Gene on the Interaction of Septoria lycopersici with Tomato Plants

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1301-1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Martin-Hernandez ◽  
M. Dufresne ◽  
V. Hugouvieux ◽  
R. Melton ◽  
A. Osbourn
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Chemical Defenses ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Septoria Lycopersici

Many plants produce constitutive antifungal molecules belonging to the saponin family of secondary metabolites, which have been implicated in plant defense. Successful pathogens of these plants must presumably have some means of combating the chemical defenses of their hosts. In the oat root pathogen Gaeumannomyces graminis, the saponin-detoxifying enzyme avenacinase has been shown to be essential for pathogenicity. A number of other phytopathogenic fungi also produce saponin-degrading enzymes, although the significance of these for saponin resistance and pathogenicity has not yet been established. The tomato leaf spot pathogen Septoria lycopersici secretes the enzyme tomatinase, which degrades the tomato steroidal glycoalkaloid α-tomatine. Here we report the isolation and characterization of tomatinase-deficient mutants of S. lycopersici following targeted gene disruption. Tomatinase-minus mutants were more sensitive to α-tomatine than the wild-type strain. They could, however, still grow in the presence of 1 mM α-tomatine, suggesting that nondegra-dative mechanisms of tolerance are also important. There were no obvious effects of loss of tomatinase on macroscopic lesion formation on tomato leaves, but trypan blue staining of infected tissue during the early stages of infection revealed more dying mesophyll cells in leaves that had been inoculated with tomatinase-minus mutants. Expression of a defense-related basic β-1,3 glucanase gene was also enhanced in these leaves. These differences in plant response may be associated with subtle differences in the growth of the wild-type and mutant strains during infection. Alternatively, tomatinase may be involved in suppression of plant defense mechanisms.

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