scholarly journals Covid- 19 and Diabetes Mellitus; An Overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr Reshna V
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Diabetes Care ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Good Glycemic Control ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Seriously Ill

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a long-term metabolic disorder that affects many organs in the body. Diabetes may be linked to a serious type of Coronavirus Disease in 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 will make people with diabetes three times more likely to become seriously ill or die. They discovered that advanced age, obesity, and other medical conditions linked to diabetes are also associated with increased risk. In the countries hardest hit by the pandemic, increased morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 in diabetic patients have been observed, and this link, as well as the best management of infected diabetic patients, deserve further investigation. Antidiabetic medications that can minimise inflammation while maintaining good glycemic control are ideal. Patients admitted to the hospital with extreme COVID-19 can need changes to their diabetes care, such as stopping current medications and starting insulin therapy.

scholarly journals Progression of knowledge in diabetes mellitus and covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-168
Author(s):  
VL Asha Latha
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Good Glycemic Control ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cytokine Milieu ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
The Relationship

The Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) is a pandemic infectious disease caused by the novel corona virus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Diabetes mellitus (DM) and hyperglycemia are among the major comorbidities in patients with COVID-19 which might modulate immune and inflammatory responses leading to poor outcomes. Several reports show that patients with DM and COVID-19 are at an increased risk for developing severe complications including acute respiratory distress syndrome, multi-organ failure, and death. Furthermore, compromised innate immunity, pro-inflammatory cytokine milieu, reduced expression of ACE-2 and use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system antagonists in diabetic patients may also contribute to poor prognosis in COVID-19. However, the mechanisms underlying the relationship between COVID-19 and DM remain to be elucidated. The severity and mortality was significantly higher in diabetic patients which may predispose patients with COVID-19 to poor outcomes. Most of these conclusions are preliminary, and further investigation of the optimal management in diabetic patients is necessary. Thus, it is imperative that diabetic patients should take all necessary precautions and ensure good glycemic control amid with COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF DIABETES MELLITUS WITH PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS IN DR. SOETOMO GENERAL ACADEMIC HOSPITAL, SURABAYA, INDONESIA 2016

2022 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Heronimus Hansen Kaware ◽  
Deby Kusumaningrum ◽  
Arief Bakhtiar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Medical Record ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Academic Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

Highlight:1. The signs and symptoms of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and those of diabetes mellitus were similar.2. Male, aged 51-75 years old, and working in private sector are characteristics of most of the diabetic patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.Abstract:Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a type of disorder where the patients’ blood sugar is above average. Diabetes Mellitus can cause an abundance of comorbidities, from viral infection until metabolic abnormalities. The increased risk of infections is mostly because diabetes mellitus changes how the body works. The changes range from changes in mechanical barriers (humoral immunity) and cellular changes (cellular immunity), the changes of the humoral immunity that can increase the chance of protracting pulmonary tuberculosis. Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of diabetes mellitus in pulmonary tuberculosis in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia from January to December 2016. Materials and Methods: The research method used was an observational study using a cross-sectional design conducted in Central Medical Record for hospitalized patients, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. The diabetes mellitus patients’ data collected from the medical records of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia in 2016 were 1,410 and 11 of them were also diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis. The final data taken were from 67 out of 115 patients due to the incomplete medical record. Results: According to the data, the most of the diabetic patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were male, age of 51-75 years old, and worked in private sector. Conclusion: There was a significantly higher number of diabetes mellitus with pulmonary tuberculosis patients in older age, males, and private-sector workers. Diabetic patients with pulmonary t

scholarly journals Glycohemoglobin: A Primary Predictor of the Development or Reversal of Complications of Diabetes Mellitus

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 1157-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uma Krishnamurti ◽  
Michael W Steffes
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Prognostic Information ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Reference Methods

Abstract Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major health problem worldwide with long-term micro- and macrovascular complications responsible for a majority of its morbidity and mortality. The development and progression of these complications relate strongly to glycemic control. Methods: We reviewed the literature extensively for studies that relate glycemic control to the development and progression of diabetic complications. We discuss the problems of standardizing glycohemoglobin measurements for monitoring diabetic therapy and also consider recently developed electrospray ionization mass spectrometry methods that have been considered as candidate reference methods for estimation of glycohemoglobin. Results: Several clinical trials and studies have clearly shown that improved glycemic control is strongly associated with decreased development and/or progression of complications in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Irrespective of the methods used for estimating glycohemoglobin, these results underline the importance of glycohemoglobin for guiding therapy of diabetes mellitus. Recently developed candidate reference methods promise to yield greatly improved standardization for the measurement of glycohemoglobin. Conclusions: Glycohemoglobin measurement remains the optimal indicator of glycemic control in diabetic patients, but translation of findings from clinical trials to clinical practice worldwide demands consistent values across all assays. To ensure that the important prognostic information still applies to all diabetic patients with the application of the reference method(s), the hemoglobin A1c values reported in the major clinical trials will have to be translated into statistically and computationally compatible values based on the new reference system(s).

scholarly journals Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Human Erythrocytes: Atomic Force Microscopy and Spectral Investigations

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad S. AlSalhi ◽  
Sandhanasamy Devanesan ◽  
Khalid E. AlZahrani ◽  
Mashael AlShebly ◽  
Fatima Al-Qahtani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Present Report ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Sugar Levels

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disease indicated by high sugar levels in the blood over a prolonged period. When left untreated, it can lead to long-term complications, such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, and diabetic retinopathy or foot ulcers. Approximately 415 million people (about 8.3% of the world’s population) had diabetes worldwide in 2015, with 90% of the cases classified as Type 2 DM, which is caused by insulin resistance that arises mostly from being overweight and from a lack of exercise. DM affects every part of the body, including the erythrocytes. The aim of the present report is to gain insight into the damage done to the erythrocytes of patients classified with pre-diabetes and diabetes (plenty are found in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, a country where young people encompass a large segment of the population). The study presents results on the morphological analysis of erythrocytes by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and molecular investigations by fluorescence spectroscopy (FS). Our results indicate significant differences (in the morphology, size, and hemolytic end products) between the erythrocytes of diabetic patients (HbA1C, glycated hemoglobin, levels of 8–10%) and normal controls. It is well-known that DM and smoking are two major contributory factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and our observations presented in this study suggest that diabetes plays a relatively less damaging role than smoking for CVD.

scholarly journals Ischemia-Modified albumin level in type 2 diabetes mellitus—Preliminary report

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 311-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Piwowar ◽  
Maria Knapik-Kordecka ◽  
Maria Warwas
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Good Glycemic Control ◽  
Ischemia Modified Albumin ◽  
Control Subjects

Aim:The main goal of the present study was the evaluation of ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and estimation of its connection with vascular complications, glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia and obesity.Methods:In 76 diabetic patients and 25 control subjects, a plasma level of IMA by manually performed, spectrophotometric Co(II)-albumin binding assay was determined. Other parameters such as glucose, fructosamine, HbA1c, total cholesterol and its fractions (HDL, LDL), triglicerydes were estimated by routine methods.Results:Diabetic patients had significantly higher level of IMA in comparison with control subjects. There were not significant differences between groups with various states of vascular complications although the lowest concentration of IMA was observed in patients with microangiopathy. Patients with poor glycemic control had higher IMA level in comparison with these with good glycemic control. Significant correlation was observed between IMA and HbA1c. Among the risk factors, only blood pressure and LDL showed a weak relationship with IMA level.Conclusions:Our results revealed, for the first time, higher level of IMA in diabetic patients which confirms that it may be of non-cardiac origin. We can suggest that the albumin molecule in plasma of diabetic patients is modified in the chronic hypoxia conditions provoked mainly by hyperglycemia and oxidative stress in diabetes.

scholarly journals A quantitative assessment of body iron status and its relationship with glycemic control in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a tertiary care hospital of Kolkata

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Ananya Saha ◽  
Pradip Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Indrajit Nath ◽  
Arun Kumar ◽  
Utpal Kumar Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Body Iron ◽  
Iron Stores

Background: Diabetes is one of the most common disease which is observed in every household of Indian population. The longevity of the diabetic patients is dependent upon the frequency of complication and comorbidity that they encounter. Serum iron and ferritin, both being the aggravators to the oxidative stress accelerating the development of complications, gives us the reason to venture into the territory exploring the possibility of monitoring the body iron stores and taking prevent measures to control such complication. The current study was designed with an aim to knot the relationship between body iron stores and glycemic control in patients of type-II diabetes mellitus. Aims and Objectives: To measure the levels of serum ferritin, serum Iron, transferrin saturation and HbA1C and finding out the relationship between body iron stores and glycemic control in patients of Type-II Diabetes Mellitus. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 diagnosed cases of type II DM and 50 healthy controls between the age group of 35-65 years were taken following inclusion and exclusion criteria. Body iron stores were assessed by measuring serum ferritin, Serum iron and Transferrin saturation and Glycemic control was assessed by measuring levels of HbA1C. Results: A significant increase in serum ferritin, serum iron and Transferrin saturation (P<0.001) was noted in diabetic patients as compared to controls. There was a positive correlation between serum iron and transferring saturation in the diabetic patients. Conclusion: The co-morbidities and complications in the Diabetic population can be prevented by monitoring Body iron stores as they can significantly contribute to the oxidative stress leading to the complication and decreased life expectancy. Early detection in the abnormality in the body iron store can help us in employing proper measures for a better management of Type-II diabetic patients and thereby improving their survival.

scholarly journals Reducing the risk of heart failure in diabetes mellitus: review of new therapeutics

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 660
Author(s):  
Shreeharsh Godbole ◽  
Shreerang Godbole
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Population ◽  
Glucose Transport Protein

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and heart failure (HF) are closely related: patients with diabetes have an increased risk of developing HF and those with HF are at higher risk of developing diabetes. When the two diseases are considered individually, HF has a much poorer prognosis than diabetes mellitus; therefore, treatment of HF is a priority in these group of patients. There are many drugs now available to achieve glycemic control in individuals with DM. However, as we enter an era of personalization in the management of DM, the next challenge will be the identification of therapeutic strategies that will not only achieve and maintain glycemic control, but that will also reverse existing complications. Given the high prevalence of HF in DM, there is a strong imperative to advance this field, with the view of identifying robust strategies that will not only improve long-term outcomes in subjects with DM and HF but also limit the likelihood of developing HF in the first place. Newer therapies like sodium- glucose transport protein- 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2 I) and sacubitril or valsartan have shown potential benefit for reducing the risk of heart failure in diabetic population. This review will summarize the new therapeutics to reduce the risk of HF in patients with DM.

scholarly journals A study on treatment adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending diabetic clinic

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Imran ◽  
Joslin Jose Plathottam
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Drug Regimen ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Good Glycemic Control ◽  
Diabetic Clinic ◽  
History Of

Background: Diabetes is one among chronic diseases requiring long term medication and its prevalence is increasing globally. Adherence to prescribed treatment among diabetes patients is very important for good glycemic control. Poor glycemic control following poor adherence is associated with increasing risk of complications, disease progression, morbidity and mortality with increasing costs of care. Hence, the present study was undertaken to assess the adherence of diabetic patients with their prescribed medications.Methods: The study involved 200 diabetic patients on oral anti-diabetic medication visiting out-patient diabetic clinic in a teaching hospital, Bangalore, who met required criteria. Information was collected using predesigned questionnaires by personally interviewing selected patients.Results: A total of 122 patients (61 %) were non-adherent with medication; 36 (18%) and 42 (21%) of patients were moderately adherent and adherent to treatment respectively. Among non adherent patients, males were more (72%) compared to females (50%), which was statistically significant (P<0.05). Non adherence was more among employed (69%) patients compared to unemployed patients (54%), this was significant statistically (p >0.05). Non adherence level was very high among males with history of smoking (80%).Conclusions: It was observed that the proportion of diabetic patients who are non-adherent to their prescribed medications was high. It is recommended that patients should be counselled repeatedly by health care providers on the importance of complying with prescribed drug regimen for better compliance and treatment outcome. 

News and Views

JMS SKIMS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. e099-e101
Author(s):  
Muzaffar Wani ◽  
Tariq Ahmad Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Reduce Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Reabsorption ◽  
Increased Risk

Diabetes mellitus is the commonest reason for CKD worldwide. CKD patients throughout the 5 stages are at increased risk of CVD & hence death. The need of the hour is a treatment that can prevent or delay the progression of CKD.RAAS blockade is currently the only proven treatment to prevent the decline of kidney function & progression to ESRD in T2DM, which is based on 2 parallel trials done more than 18 years back. RAAS blockers have their shortcomings, so additional effective therapies are required.SGLT2 inhibitors (Canagliflozin, Empagliflozin, Dapagliflozin) block glucose reabsorption in PT  causing glucosuria & natriuresis. In addition to improving glycemic control SGLT2i’s lower BP, reduce body weight & lower albuminuria. Based on the secondary analysis of three CVOT studies (EMPA-REG, CANVAS, and CANVAS-R) which demonstrated the long-term CV safety of empagliflozin, SGLT2i’s may protect against the progression of CKD in T2DM. CREDENCE was designed to formally test whether Canagliflozin reduces the risk of kidney failure & CV events in patients with T2DM and markers of established kidney disease compared to placebo when used in addition to standard of care. CREDENCE is the first dedicated renal outcomes trial in patients with CKD and T2D on the background of standard of care, including ACE inhibitors and ARBs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document