scholarly journals Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Human Erythrocytes: Atomic Force Microscopy and Spectral Investigations

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad S. AlSalhi ◽  
Sandhanasamy Devanesan ◽  
Khalid E. AlZahrani ◽  
Mashael AlShebly ◽  
Fatima Al-Qahtani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Present Report ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Sugar Levels

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disease indicated by high sugar levels in the blood over a prolonged period. When left untreated, it can lead to long-term complications, such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, and diabetic retinopathy or foot ulcers. Approximately 415 million people (about 8.3% of the world’s population) had diabetes worldwide in 2015, with 90% of the cases classified as Type 2 DM, which is caused by insulin resistance that arises mostly from being overweight and from a lack of exercise. DM affects every part of the body, including the erythrocytes. The aim of the present report is to gain insight into the damage done to the erythrocytes of patients classified with pre-diabetes and diabetes (plenty are found in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, a country where young people encompass a large segment of the population). The study presents results on the morphological analysis of erythrocytes by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and molecular investigations by fluorescence spectroscopy (FS). Our results indicate significant differences (in the morphology, size, and hemolytic end products) between the erythrocytes of diabetic patients (HbA1C, glycated hemoglobin, levels of 8–10%) and normal controls. It is well-known that DM and smoking are two major contributory factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and our observations presented in this study suggest that diabetes plays a relatively less damaging role than smoking for CVD.

scholarly journals ROLE OF SARVANGA UDVARTANA AND SARVANGA TAKRADHARA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DIABETIC PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MADHUMEHA: A CLINICAL STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-113
Author(s):  
S Jagadesh Kumar ◽  
Shreyas D M ◽  
Kiran M Goud
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Diabetic Population ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycaemia

Diabetes mellitus is a global health problem of this era. Presently India is having the largest diabetic population of 50.8 million. In 2015, diabetes was the direct cause of 1.6 million deaths. Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder of multiple aetiology characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrates, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion. Diabetes, particularly type 2 is associated with various long-term complications like Diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, etc., Globally diabetic neuropathy affects approximately 132 million people as of 2010 (1.9% of population). There is a higher prevalence (60.4%) and incidence (8.76%) of sensory peripheral neuropathy among the observed diabetic patients. In Ayurveda, the symptoms of Diabetic neuropathy are explained under the headings of Purvaroopa and upadrava of Prameha. Madhumeha is a bahudrava shleshma condition. So, Sarvanga Udvartana and Sarvanga Takradhara is been adopted to counteract the Samprapti of Prameha. A minimum of 20 subjects who fulfilled the diagnostic and inclusion criteria was subjected to the intervention. The overall results in the study revealed statistically highly significant result after the treatment on reducing symptoms and blood sugar levels.

Morphological changes in erythrocytes of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus evaluated with atomic force microscopy: A brief review

Micron ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Loyola-Leyva ◽  
Juan Pablo Loyola-Rodríguez ◽  
Marco Atzori ◽  
Francisco Javier González
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force

scholarly journals Variation of Burkholderia cenocepacia cell wall morphology and mechanical properties during cystic fibrosis lung infection, assessed by atomic force microscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Amir Hassan ◽  
Miguel V. Vitorino ◽  
Tiago Robalo ◽  
Mário S. Rodrigues ◽  
Isabel Sá-Correia
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Adaptive Evolution ◽  
Burkholderia Cenocepacia ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Morphology And Mechanical Properties

Abstract The influence that Burkholderia cenocepacia adaptive evolution during long-term infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients has on cell wall morphology and mechanical properties is poorly understood despite their crucial role in cell physiology, persistent infection and pathogenesis. Cell wall morphology and physical properties of three B. cenocepacia isolates collected from a CF patient over a period of 3.5 years were compared using atomic force microscopy (AFM). These serial clonal variants include the first isolate retrieved from the patient and two late isolates obtained after three years of infection and before the patient’s death with cepacia syndrome. A consistent and progressive decrease of cell height and a cell shape evolution during infection, from the typical rods to morphology closer to cocci, were observed. The images of cells grown in biofilms showed an identical cell size reduction pattern. Additionally, the apparent elasticity modulus significantly decreases from the early isolate to the last clonal variant retrieved from the patient but the intermediary highly antibiotic resistant clonal isolate showed the highest elasticity values. Concerning the adhesion of bacteria surface to the AFM tip, the first isolate was found to adhere better than the late isolates whose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structure loss the O-antigen (OAg) during CF infection. The OAg is known to influence Gram-negative bacteria adhesion and be an important factor in B. cenocepacia adaptation to chronic infection. Results reinforce the concept of the occurrence of phenotypic heterogeneity and adaptive evolution, also at the level of cell size, form, envelope topography and physical properties during long-term infection.

scholarly journals Dermatological Manifestations in Diabetes Mellitus at NGMCTH Kohalpur

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Sumit Pandey ◽  
Pradip Mishra ◽  
Nirmala Sharma ◽  
Shyam B.K.
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cutaneous Infections ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Sugar Levels

Background: Skin is the largest and most visible organ in the body. It undoubtedly determines to a great extent our appearance and plays  a  major  role  in  socio-sexual  communication.  More  than  one  third  of  diabetic  patients  have  some  type  of  dermatologic 1 manifestations during the course of their chronic disease . The association of certain skin diseases with diabetes mellitus has been 2 3 fairly well recognized with an incidence rate ranging from 11.4% to 66%.  At least 30% of patients with diabetes mellitus have some 4 5 type of cutaneous involvement during the course of their chronic disease.  Skin sugar levels run parallel to the blood sugar levels. Skin changes generally appear subsequent to the development of DM but may be the first presenting sign or even precede the 6 diagnosis by many years. Among the many skin manifestations in DM, none is pathognomonic of this disease. Cutaneous findings in DM can be classified into four categories: (1) skin disease with strong association and others with less distinct association with DM, (2) cutaneous infections, (3) dermatological disorders related to diabetic complications, and (4) skin conditions related to diabetes 7 treatments.Objectives: This study was undertaken to find out the pattern of Dermatological manifestations in Diabetes patients attending Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kohalpur. Method and material: This is a hospital- based descriptive study conducted  in  the  Department  of  Dermatology,  Venereology  and  Leprology  of  Nepalgunj  Medical  College  Teaching  Hospital, Kohalpur  between   September 2013 to August 2014.  A total of 100 patients were included in the study. History and clinical examinations were performed and the data were recorded and analyzed. Results: The age of the patients ranged from 20 years to 85 years with the mean age of 51.7+12.13 years. The most common age groups were 46-55 years (36%) followed by 56-65 years (24.7%) and 36-45 years (17.3%), 66-75 years (9.3%), 76-85 years (12.7%). Among the 100 patients of diabetes ellitus, there were 44(44%) males and 56 (56%) females.  Among  the  cutaneous  disorders  commonly  associated  with  diabetes,  infections  were  the  most prevalent. 59(59%) out of 100 patients had skin infections.Conclusions: Patients with Diabetes can present with array of cutaneous disorders. Cutaneous infections formed the largest group of dermatoses in this study. Increased incidence of cutaneous infections mainly fungal and bacterial was noticed in majority diabetics emphasizing the need for more aggressive management of diabetes mellitus. Among infective dermatoses, fungal infections were the most common, with Candidal infections being more common than dermatophytosis.JNGMC Vol. 13 No. 2 December 2015, Page: 31-34

scholarly journals Osteocalcin: the relationship between bone metabolism and glucose homeostasis in diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-328
Author(s):  
A.V. Кovalchuk ◽  
О.В. Zinych ◽  
V.V. Korpachev ◽  
N.M. Кushnareva ◽  
О.В. Prybyla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Peripheral Tissues

Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of bone as an endocrine organ that produces biologically active substances, which regulate both local bone metabolism and metabolic functions throughout the body. In the process of bone remodeling (formation/destruction), the active cells secrete specific biomarkers that help detect osteometabolic dysfunction. Among bone hormones, osteocalcin plays an important role as a coordinator of bone modeling processes, energy homeostasis, metabolism of glucose, lipids and minerals. Osteocalcin is a structural protein of the bone matrix, which is synthesized by osteoblasts and enters the bloodstream in the process of bone resorption. The level of osteocalcin in the serum is used as a specific marker of bone formation. Osteocalcin promotes pancreatic β-cell proliferation and insulin secretion, and also affects the insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues. The inverse association of glycemia with the level of osteocalcin was revealed. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus usually have normal or even slightly elevated bone mineral density compared to age-appropriate controls. Decreased bone quality and increased risk of fractures are associated with changes in bone microarchitecture and local humoral environment. An imbalance in osteoblast/osteoclast activity may be due to oxidative stress and the accumulation of glycosylation end products, which contributes to chronic inflammation and bone resorbtion in patients with diabetes. It is shown that the level of osteocalcin in the blood serum is significantly reduced compared to healthy controls, both in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and, especially, in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Given the importance of developing new approaches to the diagnosis and correction of metabolic disorders in diabetic patients, the study of the influence of bone hormones on hormonal and metabolic parameters and bone status, including the risk of fractures, remains relevant in modern diabetology.

scholarly journals A Case Study depicting Management of Diabetes Mellitus with Autologous Stem Cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Peptide Hormone ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anabolic Hormone ◽  
Main Culprit ◽  
Fat Liver

Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a long-term disorder of the metabolism characterized by elevated levels of sugar in blood, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. Insulin is the main culprit for diabetes mellitus. Beta cells of the pancreatic islets are the producers of this peptide hormone which is considered to be the main anabolic hormone of the body regulating the carbohydrates, fats and protein metabolism by promoting the absorption of, especially, glucose from the blood into fat, liver and skeletal muscle cells. From this study, it seems that stem cell therapy can be a promising approach to manage the long term condition diabetes mellitus. The patients were administered stem cells derived from their bone marrows during the procedure. The levels of blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were decreased significantly post procedure in both the patients.

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS FISIK, DURASI PENYAKIT DAN KADAR GULA DARAH PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MELLITUS (DM) TIPE 2

Jurnal GIZIDO ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Yessi Alza ◽  
Yuliana Arsil ◽  
Yessi Marlina ◽  
Lidya Novita ◽  
Niken Dwi Agustin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Fasting Blood Sugar ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sugar Levels

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease caused by the inability of the pancreas to produce enough insulin, or the body cannot effectively use the insulin produced by the pancreas. Regular aerobic physical activity in people with a diagnosis of DM can improve insulin sensitivity. The prevalence of DM in Indonesia based on Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) in 2018 is 10.9% while in Riau province occupies the third-highest rank in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the description of physical activity and blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus at the Sidomulyo Health Center, Pekanbaru City. This study is descriptive with cross-sectional design. The sampling technique in this study was a total sampling of 24 people with DM type 2. Data collection for physical activity variables was carried out using a questionnaire included in PAL (Physical Activity Level). Measurement of blood sugar levels in patients with DM is done by taking respondent capillary blood then measured using a glucometer (Easy Touch GCU). Univariate analysis was carried out to analyze the variables of physical activity and blood sugar levels which were then presented in the form of frequency distribution tables and narratives. The results showed a description of the level of physical activity in respondents who suffer from DM as many as 16 people (66.7%) with mild physical activity levels, and 8 people (33.3%) with moderate levels of physical activity. Description of fasting blood sugar levels of respondents as many as 19 people (79.2%) had controlled fasting blood sugar levels, and 5 people (20.8%) had uncontrolled fasting blood sugar levels.

An Evaluation of Hemoglobin Concentration in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karem Kdaer Karem ◽  
Saba Ibrahim Salih ◽  
Wafaa Kadhim Jassim
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Age Range

The second type of diabetes Mellitus is the most common type of diabetes, its represent about 90-95% of diabetes cases. In this disease, the response of the body to insulin does not occur properly in a condition known as insulin resistance. The diabetes may accompany with anemia because the hormone erythropoietin (EPO) which is produced by the kidneys is regulates red blood cell production and the Kidney has been damaged at several levels as a complication of diabetes, the complication range from diabetic nephropathy to chronic kidney disease. This study was conducted at the AL-Kafeel Hospital, Kerbala from October 2016 to December2016. The study included 60 adult patients with age range from 43-67 years and having diabetes mellitus type 2. Fasting blood sugar and Hb tests were made and accompanied with other information like age and duration of diabetes mellitus. The results show that 43% of diabetic patients had anemia and there is a strong negative connection between Hb levels and the duration of getting diabetes (p0.01). We conclude from this study that anemia is may developed in Type 2DM patients and the diabetic patients should be taken care of toprevent the development of diseases and other complications.

Long-term stability and tree-ring oxidation of WSe2 using phase-contrast AFM

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lene Gammelgaard ◽  
Patrick Rebsdorf Whelan ◽  
Timothy J Booth ◽  
Peter Bøggild
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Ring Oxidation

In this work, we use atomic force microscopy (AFM) to investigate the long-term evolution of oxidative defects of tungsten diselenide (WSe2) in ambient conditions over a period of 75 months,...

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