scholarly journals Meeting the Real “Gini” of India:

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aman Gulati ◽  
Kah Ying Cho
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Call To Action ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Societal Inequality ◽  
Relative Comparisons

Based on our fraught human history of widespread revolts, it is often presumed that income inequality can disrupt the status-quo. In recent years, researchers have come to question this connection between actual inequality and adverse political results. The findings show that most people around the world are unable to gauge societal inequality through relative comparisons, and are uncertain about both the magnitude and directionality of the gap. The aim of this study was twofold: 1) to assess the disparity between Indian respondents’ perceived and actual ratings of income inequality in India using a Gini Coefficient score; and 2) to identify factors that influenced these ratings. Almost 250 respondents from a wide cross-section of India participated in an online survey to give their perceived ratings of India’s Gini coefficient score along with the factors that influenced their responses.  Over 90.2% considered the degree of inequality in India to be far higher than the actuality, thus showing the great extent to which they consider their country to be an unequal one. The analysis identifies “Quality of Governance” as the only statistically significant predictor for improving income inequality, showing that the government is considered to be the primary bearer of responsibility for providing quality education and healthcare, which is sadly lacking. Nonetheless, the findings constitute a “call to action” for the Indian Government to implement more effective policies to tackle these issues. Future studies could delve deeper into the problem to determine the extent to which governance influences perceived income inequality in India.

1848 and Parliamentary Reform

1988 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 831-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Quinault
Keyword(s):  
Solid Support ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Middle Classes ◽  
State Security ◽  
Property Owners ◽  
Parliamentary Reform ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
History Books

1848 has gone down in history – or rather in history books – as the year when England was different. In that year a wave of revolution on the Continent overthrew constitutions, premiers and even a dynasty but in England, by contrast, the middle classes rallied round the government and helped it preserve the status quo. This interpretation of 1848 has long been the established orthodoxy amongst historians. Asa Briggs took this view thirty years ago and it has lately been endorsed by F. B. Smith and Henry Weisser. Most recently, John Saville, in his book on 1848, has concluded that events in England ‘demonstrated beyond question and doubt, the complete and solid support of the middling strata to the defence of existing institutions’. He claims that ‘the outstanding feature of 1848 was the mass response to the call for special constables to assist the professional forces of state security’ which reflected a closing of ranks among all property owners. Although some historians, notably David Goodway, have recently stressed the vitality of Chartism in 1848 they have not challenged the traditional view that the movement failed to win concessions from the establishment and soon declined. Thus 1848 in England is generally regarded as a terminal date: the last chapter in the history of Chartism as a major movement. Thereafter Britain experienced a period of conservatism – described by one historian as ‘the mid-Victorian calm’–which lasted until the death of Palmerston in 1865.

scholarly journals Slavistics at St. Petersburg and Greifswald Universities (results of cooperation)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-708
Author(s):  
Harry Walter ◽  
◽  
Valerij M. Mokienko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz ◽  
State University ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The University ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Slavic Studies

The article offers a review on the history of Slavic studies at St. Petersburg and Greifswald universities from the era of Peter the Great to present day. The role of Professor Lyudmila Verbitskaya is highlighted who always actively supported the activities of the Department of Slavic Philology (for example, she approved the initiative to create a department of Ukrainian studies in the early 2000s). Thanks Verbitskaya, St. Petersburg University was historically recognized as the first university in Russia founded by Peter the Great in 1724, which was proven by archival materials stored in Greifswald. Peter the Great, in the assembly hall of the University of Greifswald in September 1712, at a meeting of the Academic Council received a proposal from the President of the German Academy of Sciences Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz on the establishment of a university in St. Petersburg with a European status. The status of the first university was officially recognized by a decree of the Government of the Russian Fed- eration in 1999 when the 275th anniversary of the founding of St. Petersburg State University was celebrated. As the Rector of St. Petersburg University, Verbitskaya in 2006 concluded an inter-university agreement with the Rector of the University of Greifswald Professor Jürgen Kohler. Slavic scholars and professors from St. Petersburg and Greifswald Universities collaborate closely. One of the active pedagogical and scientific areas of such cooperation is Slavic studies, which have long combined the efforts of Russian and German philologists.

scholarly journals Z dziejów administracji państwa stanu wyjątkowego. Ustrój administracji publicznej na terenach byłego zaboru austriackiego u progu II Rzeczypospolitej

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-181
Author(s):  
Jarosław Kostrubiec
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Governing Committee ◽  
Duality Principle ◽  
National Council ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
General Government ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government

The history of public administration in the state of emergency: the system of public administration in the territories of the former Austrian partition on the threshold of the Second Republic of PolandIn the reborn Poland, in the territories of the three former partitions, the creation of Polish centres of administrative power and its structures took place in a different political and legal environment. The main purpose of this article is to present the specificity of the process of creating public administration structures and determining its organizational model in the territories of the former Austrian partition in the context of the reconstruction of the Polish country. The article focuses on the status and rules of organization of public administration introduced by the Polish Liquidation Committee, Interim Governing Committee of Eastern Galicia, the Governing Committee, the General Government Delegate of Galicia and the National Council of the Duchy of Cieszyn. The main thesis of the author of the article is the statement that at the time of creating public administration structures in the territories of the former Austrian partition, the duality principle of the government and self-government administration was no longer in use, transferring the responsibility of administering to the monocratic administration authorities.

scholarly journals Status of the chairman of the local government administration in Ukraine: experience of legislative definitions

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
Y. I. Borodin
Keyword(s):  
Civil Service ◽  
Local State ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
The Status ◽  
General Competence ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Heads Of State

The article deals with the issue of determining the status of heads of local state administrations in Ukraine in the context of the history of public service. The author focuses on such important aspects as assigning the positions of heads of state executive bodies to the general competence of the regional and subregional levels into the civil service, imposing restrictions on political activity, defining the role of the president, the government and the prime minister in appointing and dismissing said officials, application of competitive procedures, etc. On the basis of the analysis of legislative acts of 1992-2017, comparison and generalization of information from different sources shows how the question arose about the status of heads of local state administrations, which changes occurred in the process of creating the constitutional principles of public administration, the adoption of legislation on civil service, activities government, local state administrations, prevention of corruption, etc. Particular attention is paid to the current state of affairs, which is characterized by the presence of contradictions in the Ukrainian legislation; an increase in the uncertainty of the status of heads of local state administrations as a result of changes to the civil service law (November 2017) regarding their removal from the civil service, removal of restrictions on political activities, etc.The author concludes that there is a lot of experience of the state authorities of Ukraine in this area, the contradictory nature of the actions of the subjects of determining the status of heads of local state administrations, which has manifested itself in the recent period, the need to define the conceptual principles of the consideration of the issue and to make concerted changes to the Ukrainian legislation.

scholarly journals Defamation Laws and Practice in the Age of Internet in Albania

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Leka
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
The Public ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Judicial Corruption ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One

The picture of recent legal developments concerning defamation in Albania is mixed. On the one hand, several criminal defamation and insult statuteshave been abolishedsince 2012, following strong lobbying of human rights organizations. On the other, the application of criminal defamation laws has not stopped, while government officials and other high profile persons have discovered the power of civil defamation claims. Faced with intense criticism, the government has tried to re-introduce the abolished criminal defamation laws and has faced the same strong opposition and international outcry. In the meantime, defamation claims or threats thereof are routinely being used against the media or against the political opponent for the only purposes of creating tension and diffusing the attention of the public. The vagueness of the laws and the inconsistencies of judicial interpretation, helped in no little measure by judicial corruption and the political control of the judiciary, have widened the gap between constitutional and international guarantees of the freedom of speech and the actual enforcement of those guarantees. This article will briefly expose the history of defamation laws in Albania, the difficulties of their application, and the status of affairs concerning defamation laws and claims.

scholarly journals The status of wildlife conservation in Botswana

Koedoe ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Von Richter
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
The Past ◽  
Landuse Planning ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
State Of Affairs

The sparse human population and the general lack of surface water over most parts of the Republic of Botswana, which has hampered rapid expansion of agricultural activities into the less suitable areas in the past, have contributed to the fact that Botswana still supports a varied and rich wildlife population. The long history of hunting by the local populae makes them understand and appreciate the concept of wildlife conservation and utilization and has assisted in general to implement a policy for rational conservation and utilization. The next decade will be decisive whether this laudable state of affairs will continue or whether the wildlife resource will be depleted and finally restricted only to formal conservation areas as it has happened in many other countries on the African continent. The government is fully aware of the significance of wildlife conservation and utilization and the necessity to integrate it into overall landuse planning.

scholarly journals Psychological Reactance to Mobility Restrictions Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Japanese Population Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Sakai ◽  
Mariko Shimizu ◽  
Takayoshi Yoshimura ◽  
Eiji Hato
Keyword(s):  
Population Study ◽  
Japanese Population ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Psychological Reactance ◽  
Online Services ◽  
History Of ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
The Government ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
The Impact

In Japan, mobility restrictions were enforced by the government to abate the spread of COVID-19. The current study examined whether experiences of such mobility restrictions affected motivation for future going-out activities. To this end, we conducted a one-time online survey of 1,000 adults in Tokyo to measure going-out activities in four different time periods at once: before the spread of infection, during and after the emergency declaration, and after the end of the pandemic (future desire). In addition, to examine the impact of preferences for online services that make it easier to stay home, we measured the usage history of online services to obtain food during the mobility restriction period. Results indicated that desire for going-out activities after the end of the pandemic increased compared with those before the pandemic, particularly for leisure-related purposes. In addition, the use of online services to obtain food tended to suppress the increased desire for future going-out activities, although this effect was not significant. In conclusion, mobility restrictions resulted in motivational arousal for going-out activities after the end of the pandemic. Our findings indicate that psychological reactance plays a role in determining going-out activities in the future.

scholarly journals Palembang Shi pada Masa Pemerintahan Militer Jepang Tahun 1942-1945

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Arma Mita
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Japanese Government ◽  
Military Rule ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Japanese Military ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Government Development

This study investigated about the Japanese military rule in the city of Palembang in 1942 to 1945, especially regarding the rule of Palembang Shi (Municipality). In this study, it will cover some of the main points of the study those are how the Japanese military rule formed the Palembang Shi rule, the structure of Palembang Shi rule and the policies that were passed during that reign. Therefore, the period of Japanese government in Indonesia it had a unique distinction that must have been different during the colonization of the earlier Dutch Indian government and its civil society. The differences in those government that was also became a distinct feature of this study which is centaintly very interesting  for us to consider and to learn more carefully. Naturally this study aims to add our insight into the history of the government development in the city of Palembang.

scholarly journals A Study on Tranche 2 Economic package of 20 Lakh Crore in India for COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indhu N ◽  
Madhu S ◽  
Monisha D ◽  
Malarkodi K
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Free Food ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Food Grains ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
Near Term ◽  
The Government

Corona virus has affected the global economy in a worst condition where the Indian Government is only concerned with protecting the lives of people being laid on the economic resources and the condition of this country. This falsify situation that has been raised due to the migration of crores of people from various state and the loss of employment of many people is also the bad time in the history of mankind. The lockdown system has told people to be self-reliant by maintaining the distancing strategy with others. The lockdown made migrant workers tend to be vulnerable to the loss of employment and wages during an economic crisis in their host country, more so than native born workers. Lockdown in labour campus and dormitories can also increase the risk of contagion among migrant workers. Observing that government policy responses to the corona virus crisis have largely excluded migrants and their families back home, the World Bank said there is a strong case for including migrants in the near term health strategies of all countries, given the externalities associated with the health status of an entire population in the face of a highly contagious pandemic. The government has announced that about eight crore migrant workers, irrespective of whether they have ration cards, will get free food grains for the next two months.

scholarly journals How the Government Can ‘Come and Take It’

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-146
Author(s):  
Sean M. Grove
Keyword(s):  
State Legislation ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Property Owners ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Asset Forfeiture

As a model of review, this Comment will use Texas’s laws—juxtaposed against state laws that are providing more protections—to compare what Texas is doing wrong in light of what other states are doing right. First, this Comment will give a brief history of asset forfeiture in general and provide the status of civil asset forfeiture in the twentyfirst century. Part II will discuss the benefits of some asset forfeiture programs while highlighting the shortcomings and burdens that civil asset forfeiture brings. Part III will show state legislation aimed at curtailing civil asset forfeiture and the factors that make Texas’s laws (arguably) among the worst in the country. Finally, Part IV will discuss what Texas and similar states should do to improve the protections afforded to property owners and also improve the use of forfeiture overall.

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