Effect of Pesticide Indoxacarb on the Thyroid Gland in Swiss Albino Mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Salma Abusrer ◽  
Zainab EL Mabrouk ◽  
Habiba El Jaafari ◽  
Naema Shibani ◽  
Sassia Regeai
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Epithelial Tissue ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Tsh Levels

Background and objectives: Pesticides play an essential role in crop protection, but their overuse caused environmental pollution and harmful effect on different animal body systems, including the endocrine system. The thyroid gland is one of the homeostatic regulators of metabolic activities, which is affected by the elements of the external environment. There are very limited studies on the effect of indoxacarb on the histological architecture and functions of thyroid gland. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of examining functionally and histologically of the thyroid gland exposed to indoxacarb. Method: 24 Swiss albino mice male and female were randomly divided into two groups, each group male and female; group I is a control group given orally with 1ml of distilled water and group II orally treated with 120 mg/kg Bw. of indoxacarb daily for 3 weeks. Blood samples were collected from each mouse under anesthetic to determine the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4) levels. Thyroid gland histopathology was attained for the evaluation of the indoxacarb effect. Results: The treated mice showed non-significant increase in T4 levels and a significant decrease in TSH levels but there was no significant difference recorded in T4 and TSH levels between sexes. Histologically, the sections of the thyroid gland of the treated group showed empty and irregular follicles, degeneration of the follicular epithelial tissue, and hyperplasia in the lining of some follicles, the capsule with congestion blood vessels. Conclusion: This study concluded that indoxacarb may act as a thyroid gland toxicant.

scholarly journals The Effect of Palm Oil-Fried Street Kokor on Liver and Kidney Biomarkers of Swiss Albino Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Hailemariam Amsalu ◽  
Tesaka Wondimnew ◽  
Tigist Mateos ◽  
Minale Fekadie ◽  
Gesese Bogale
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Group I ◽  
Fried Foods ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Albino Mice

Background. Foods fried with oils at streets contain many harmful substances for health. Locally fried foods are consumed commonly in our society, yet their health effect is not studied. Objective. To assess the effect of palm oil-fried street kokor on liver and kidney biomarkers of Swiss Albino mice. Methods. Thirty-two male and female Swiss Albino mice with the age of 10-12 weeks old were divided randomly into four groups of eight members with equal male and female subgroups. The control group (group I) received only a standard pellet, and the experimental groups (group II, group III, and group IV) received 10%, 20%, and 30% kokor of their daily food consumption, respectively. At the end of the 6th week, they were sacrificed by thoracoabdominal incision after anesthetizing by diethyl ether. Blood was taken from each mouse by cardiac puncture and analyzed for liver and kidney function tests. Result. The serum levels of liver damage biomarkers (alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST)) and kidney damage biomarkers (urea and creatinine) of experimental groups were increased significantly relative to the control groups ( P < 0.05 ). Level of biochemical profiles increased as the dose of kokor increased. Conclusions. Palm oil-fried street kokor damaged the liver and kidney of the mice, and the damage was exacerbated as the dose of kokor increased.

scholarly journals Effect of aqueous Extract of Terminalia bellirica fruit pulp on Alcohol affected learning in swiss albino mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-78
Author(s):  
Sowmya ◽  
Manohar VR ◽  
Mohandas Rai ◽  
H N Gopalakrishna ◽  
Chandrashekar R
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Alcohol Administration ◽  
Group I ◽  
Albino Mice

To evaluate the effect of Aqueous extract of Terminalia belliricafruit pulp (AETB) on learning by Hebb William maze model in mice with acute alcohol consumption.Swiss albino mice (n=48) of either sex weighing 20-30g will be divided into eight groups of six mice each. Drugs were given orally after 12 hours of fasting. Group I mice received 10ml/kg of Normal Saline, Group II mice received Piracetam 200mg/kg, Group III received AETB 36mg/kg, Group IV received ethanol 1.5g/kg orally, Group V received ethanol(1.5g/kg )+ piracetam (200mg/kg), Group VI mice received ethanol(1.5g/kg) +AETB(9mg/kg), Group VII mice received ethanol(1.5g/kg) +AETB (18mg/kg), Group VIII mice received ethanol(1.5g/kg) +AETB(36mg/kg). Time taken by the animal to reach the reward chamber from the start chamber (TRC) in Hebb-William maze was used as a parameterto evaluate the learning.Acute alcohol administration showed increase in TRC. Whereas, acute administration of Aqueous extracts of Terminalia belliricafruit pulp showed a decrease in TRC when compared to the control group. The TRC values for the groups that were administered AETB along with acute alcohol administration showed decrease in TRC values compared to the negative control.Current study showed acute alcohol administration caused impairment of thelearning ability in mice. Whereas, acute administration of Aqueous extracts of Terminalia belliricafruit pulp (AETB)caused enhancement of learning. Pre-treatment with AETB before acute alcohol administration indicated protective action of AETB on alcohol affected learning in mice.

scholarly journals Neuroprotective effects of Zingerone against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced brain mitochondrial toxicity in Swiss albino mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 548-552
Author(s):  
Mohammad Firoz Alam
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Brain Mitochondria ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mitochondrial Toxicity ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Group I ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Group Ii

The present study targeted the brain mitochondria dysfunction in Swiss albino mice through carbon tetrachloride intoxication and its treatment with Zingerone. It is proposed that brain mitochondria is the main organelle responsible for oxidative stress by producing  reactive oxygen species (ROS). Swiss albino mice were divided into four groups; Group-1 was control; Group-2 was carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) toxic (1.5mg kg-1 bm i.p two days in a week.); Group-3 was pretreated with Zingerone (100 mg kg-1 b.m)  a day before  the administration of CCl4 and Group-4 was only Zingerone (100 mg kg-1 bm) given orally for 15days once in a day. At the end of the experiment mice were sacrificed and mitochondria were isolated from brain. Isolated brain mitochondria were further analyzed for oxidative stress marker. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) content was increased significantly by CCl4 administration in Group-II as compared to the control Group-I, while the antioxidant (GSH) and other antioxidant enzyme GPx , GR, and CAT was depleted significantly in CCl4 treated Group-II as compare to control Group-I. Zingerone protected the  toxicity of brain mitochondria by reducing the lipid peroxidation and enhancing the antioxidant enzyme in Group-III and there was no significant changes were noticed in Group-IV as  compared to Group-I. Overall results showed the potential effects of Zingerone in protecting the neuronal cell loss by oxidative stress. Thus, the  present study indicated that the Zingerone may be used as the potential therapeutic tools for the prevention of CCl4 induced brain mitochondrial toxicity.  

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITY OF TAPENTADOL IN SWISS ALBINO MICE

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Pradeep Be ◽  
Narendranath S ◽  
Shruthi Ks ◽  
Shashikala Gh ◽  
Krishnagouda Patil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Group I ◽  
Antidepressant Efficacy ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Post Hoc

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the antidepressant activity of tapentadol using forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) experimental models.Methods: A total of 36 Swiss albino mice (18 for each experimental model) were divided into 3 groups of 6 animals each. In both the experimental models, Group I received normal saline – 10 ml/kg (Control group), Groups II and III given tapentadol 20 mg/kg and tapentadol 40 mg/kg, respectively, for 7 days, intraperitoneally. On day 7, the drugs were given 40 minutes before conducting the experiment. The duration of immobility was noted and compared among all the 3 groups. The observations were analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey’s post-hoc test.Results: The duration of immobility was significantly decreased in both the experimental models. Tapentadol groups when compared to control group showed statistically significant values, and better results were obtained with tapentadol 20 mg/kg groups in both the models. The mean duration of Immobility was 34.67 seconds in FST model and 101.00 seconds in TST model when treated with tapentadol 20 mg/kg compared to 102.33 seconds in FST control and 141 seconds in TST control groups. FST model demonstrates greater antidepressant efficacy of tapentadol (p<0.00) than with TST model (p<0.04).Conclusion: Tapentadol showed significant antidepressant activity at the dose of 20 mg/kg. The results should be further confirmed by animal studies with different experimental models for the evaluation of depression and by human clinical studies, and if found effective, tapentadol can be preferred for patients with chronic pain, such as cancer pain.

scholarly journals Neuroprotective Effect of Resveratrol on Valproic Acid Induced Oxidative Stress Autism in Swiss Albino Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasudha Bakshi ◽  
K. Sunand ◽  
Nagia Begum ◽  
Rahul Motiram Kakalij ◽  
Madhukaran Reddy Tekula
Keyword(s):  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Group I ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Albino Mice

The present research work is aimed to investigate the anti-oxidant/neuroprotective role of Resveratrol in reversing the valproic acid induced autism in postnatal swiss albino mice. Separate 13 day old/ Post natal day (PND) 13 swiss albino mice of either sex into 5 groups, each group consists of six mice of either sex, groups namely Group I - Control, Group II - Resveratrol, Group III - Negative control, Group IV and V - Resveratrol treatment groups. On PND 14 administer single dose of Valproic acid (VPA) or Sodium Valproate (400 mg/kg, subcutaneously) to III, IV and V groups to induce autism. Treatment is given in two doses 10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p) as Low dose and 40 mg/kg, i.p as High dose from the 13th day to the end of study. Assessment of autism is done by different behavioral screening methods during PND 14 to 40. Treatment with resveratrol significantly decline the autism symptoms compared with negative control. At the end of study on PND 41 all the animals were sacrificed to assess the biochemical estimations like Anticholinesterase enzyme, Total Protein, antioxidant enzyme (Catalase, Superoxide and Glutathione) activity and cerebellar histopathological examination. Treatment with Resveratrol has shown a significant beneficial difference on behavioral alterations, oxidative markers, neurotransmitters, and restoration of the altered purkinje cells of autism. This research work we conclude that resvertrol have a potent anti-oxidant, neuroprotective, anxiolytic, learning and memory enhancing agent against valproic acid induced autism.

scholarly journals Evaluation of analgesic activity of glucose in Swiss Albino mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 333
Author(s):  
Velarul S. ◽  
Shobnaarani . ◽  
Sathiya Vinotha ◽  
Ponnuswamy .
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Opioid Analgesic ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Group I ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Animal House

Background: Pain is the first and foremost symptom which alerts us about the underlying diseases, injuries or inflammation. Varied treatments are followed for pain relief worldwide. Nowadays tramadol, a centrally acting opioid analgesic is used widely. There are evidences that sweet substances like sucrose produce analgesia through endogenous opioid system. Sucrose has been proved to produce analgesic effect in healthy neonates and also in animals. Likewise, analgesic effect of glucose has also been studied but only limited no. of studies available.Methods: Swiss Albino mice of either sex (20-30g) were procured from the central animal house of KFMS and R, Coimbatore. Animals were maintained under controlled temperature and light conditions with food and water ad libitum. Mice were kept in the department to get acclimatized. 24 mice were divided into 4 groups (n=6). Drugs were given orally after 12hours of fasting. Group I was the control. Group II received standard-tramadol (40mg/kg). Group III received glucose (200mg/kg). Group IV received glucose (400mg/kg).Results: The latency period of glucose was significant (p<0.001) compared to controls and standard was significant (p<0.001) when compared to glucose by hot plate method.Conclusions: Analgesic activity of glucose may be due to both central and peripheral inhibition of PG synthesis. This has been proved in previous studies. This study showed that glucose can be used as an add-on in non-diabetic patients with better compliance.

Thyroid Functions in Children on Levetiracetam or Valproic Acid Therapy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elif Karatoprak ◽  
Samet Paksoy
Keyword(s):  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Acid Therapy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Tsh Levels

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the thyroid functions in children receiving levetiracetam or valproate monotherapy. We retrospectively reviewed the records of children with controlled epilepsy receiving valproic acid (VPA group) or levetiracetam monotherapy (LEV group) for at least 6 months. Free thyroxine 4 levels (fT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were compared between VPA group, LEV group, and age- and gender-matched healthy children (control group). A total of 190 children were included in the study: 63 were in the VPA, 60 in the LEV, and 67 in the control group. Although there was no significant difference regarding average fT4 levels, higher TSH levels were found in the VPA group when compared with the LEV and control groups (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). There was no significant difference in terms of fT4 and TSH values in the LEV group when compared with the control group (p = 0.56 and p = 0.61, respectively). Subclinical hypothyroidism (defined as a TSH level above 5 uIU/mL with a normal fT4 level was detected in 16% of patients in the VPA group, none in the LEV and control groups. Our study found that VPA therapy is associated with an increased risk of subclinical hypothyroidism while LEV had no effect on thyroid function tests.

scholarly journals Regenerative Therapy Modality for Treatment of True Combined Endodontic-Periodontal Lesions: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6220
Author(s):  
Reham AlJasser ◽  
Sundus Bukhary ◽  
Mohammed AlSarhan ◽  
Dalal Alotaibi ◽  
Saleh AlOraini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Graft ◽  
Bone Grafting ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Bony Defect ◽  
Keratinized Tissue ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Grafting Procedure

The aim of this in-vivo study was to evaluate/compare the clinical periodontal parameters in patients with true combined endo-perio lesions (EPL), treated with gutta-percha (GP) and mineral trioxide (MTA) as an obturation material alone and with addition of bone grafting in such lesions. 120 Saudi patients (mean age = 41yrs) diagnosed with true combined EPL participated in this study. Group I (control group, n = 30) was treated with conventional endodontic treatment using GP for obturation. Group II (n = 30) was treated with conventional endodontic treatment using MTA for obturation. Group III (n = 30) was treated with conventional endodontic treatment using GP for obturation + grafting procedure to fill the bony defect. Group IV (n = 30) was treated with conventional endodontic treatment using MTA for obturation + grafting procedure to fill the bony defect. Clinical parameters (Pocket depth (PD); Clinical attachment loss (CAL); keratinized tissue width (KTW); gingival phenotype (G.Ph.) and Cone Beam Computed Tomography Periapical Index (CBCTPAI)) were recorded and compared at baseline, 3, 6, 12 months’ interval. For the groups III and IV, CBCTPAI showed significant difference (p < 0.0001) with the other groups at 6 months and 1-year interval. The group with MTA + bone graft showed 76% and 90% patients with 0 score at 6 months and 1-year follow-up, respectively. Comparison of mean values of PD among study groups at 3 months, 6 months and 1 year showed significant difference at 3 months, whereas the mean PD values of subjects in GP + bone graft showed significantly higher PD values than other 3 groups (p = 0.025). Use of GP and MTA for root canal obturation along with periodontal therapy and bone augmentation helps in resolving complex endo-perio lesions. Bone grafting in addition to obturation with MTA was found to be the best treatment strategy in management of EPL cases and is recommended for clinicians who are treating EPL patients.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Teeth Restored with Resin Fiber Post and Stainless Steel Post: An In Vitro Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 080-084
Author(s):  
Vijay Singh ◽  
Poonam Bogra ◽  
Saurabh Gupta ◽  
Navneet Kukreja ◽  
Neha Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fiber Post ◽  
Endodontically Treated Teeth ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractFracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth restored with post. Aims: This study aims to compare the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth restored with resin fiber and stainless steel post. Commercially available prefabricated resin fiber post(Dentsply Maillefer Easy Post), prefabricated stainless steel post(Coltene/Whaledent Parapost) were used. Methods and Material: Forty five maxillary central incisors were obturated and divided into 3 groups: Control Group (Group I) without any post (n = 15), Resin Fiber Post Group (Group II) (n = 15) and Stainless Steel Post Group (Group III) (n = 15). In all Groups except control group, post space was prepared; a post was cemented, and a core build-up was provided. All the specimens were subjected to compressive force under a universal testing machine until fracture. Statistical analysis used: The results were analyzed using the variable analysis test (ANOVA). Results: One-way analysis of variance revealed significant difference among test groups. The control group demonstrated highest fracture resistance (925.2183 N), followed by the resin fiber post group (486.7265 N) and stainless steel post group (423.539N). Conclusions: Teeth restored with resin fiber post showed higher fracture resistance values than prefabricated stainless steel post.

Effect of Sorafenib on Sex Hormone Levels in Male Swiss Albino Mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 3883-3888
Author(s):  
Surekha D. Shetty ◽  
Laxminarayana Bairy K. ◽  
AM Prasad ◽  
Satheesha Nayak B. ◽  
Ashwini Aithal P.
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Albino Mice

Background: Hormones play a vital role in initiating and maintenance of male reproductive or testicular function which includes the production of androgens and spermatozoa. Testosterone is essential for the initiation and maintenance of spermatogenesis. FSH is responsible for the stimulation of spermatogenesis. Semen analysis and hormone evaluation are essential parameters in the diagnosis of infertility in males. Objective: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of sorafenib on FSH and intratesticular testosterone levels in male Swiss albino mice. Materials and Methods: The animals were segregated into control, positive control, and treatment groups (n=6). Treatment group received 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight of sorafenib orally for seven consecutive days at intervals of 24 hours between two administrations. Positive control group received 100 mg/kg body weight of imatinib. The animals were sacrificed at the end of 1st, 2nd, 4th, 5th, 7th and 10th week after the last exposure to sorafenib. Results: The intratesticular testosterone level was significantly (P<0.05) reduced in treated groups and severe effect was observed on week 4th and 5th weeks. FSH level was increased significantly (P<0.05) in sorafenib treated groups of mice. Conclusion: The administration of sorafenib does affect testosterone and FSH level significantly, but this effect is reversible once the drug is withdrawn. This finding may help the clinicians to plan and address the fertility-related issues in young patients of reproductive age who are being treated with sorafenib for advanced renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

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