scholarly journals Frequency of Metabolic Abnormalities in Pakistani Children With Renal Stones

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tanveer Sajid ◽  
Muhammad Rafiq Zafar ◽  
Qurat-Ul-Ain Mustafa ◽  
Rabia Abbas ◽  
Sohail Raziq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Duration ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Posterior Urethral Valve ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urinary Lithiasis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tract Infections

Objective: To determine the frequency of various metabolic abnormalities in children with urinary lithiasis. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Armed Forces Institute of Urology, Rawalpindi, from 30 January 2017 to 1 February 2020. A total of 1355 children who were aged 4 to 14 years and who had renal stones were included, while those with urinary tract infections, posterior urethral valve, pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction, reflux disease, and chronic renal failure were excluded. Twenty-four-hour urine samples were analyzed for urinary uric acid, calcium, oxalate, citrate, and magnesium. Demographics and metabolic abnormalities—hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, hypocitraturia, hyperuricosuria, and hypomagnesuria—were noted and analyzed. Results: The study analysis included 1355 patients. Low urine volume was observed in 465 (34.3%) of the patients. Three hundred nine patients (22.8%) had metabolic abnormalities, the most common being hypocitraturia (184, 59.5%) followed by hypercalciuria (136, 44%) and hypomagnesuria (126, 40.8%). Mean age of presentation, disease duration, recurrent bilateral stones were found significantly different in those having metabolic abnormalities (7.81±2.25 versus 8.76±2.50 P < 0.001, 7.73±1.50 versus 8.43±1.54 P < 0.001, 19.4 versus 2.4% P < 0.001 respectively). No significant difference was found in frequency of abnormal urinary metabolic parameters between boys and girls (P > 0.05) or, upon data stratification, on the basis of disease duration, stone laterality, and recurrence. Conclusion: Metabolic abnormalities were found in 22.8% % of children presenting with urinary lithiasis. The most frequent abnormality observed was hypocitraturia followed by hypercalciuria and hypomagnesuria. Early identification helps manage such patients appropriately, mitigating long-term sequelae.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance of Common Bacterial Isolates Before and During COVID-19 Pandemic in Armed Forces Hospital Jazan, Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Manal AlDiba ◽  
Ahmad Mohammad Hassan Daghriri ◽  
Essa Mohammed Essa Jamali ◽  
Ahmed Alzahrani ◽  
Ahmed Bijad Alsharif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the top global public health issues. After the pandemic of corona virus 2019 (COVID-19), AMR became a challenging complex that needs to be addressed during the corona pandemic. Objectives: Evaluating the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) before and during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study that was conducted at Armed Forces Hospital Jazan, Saudi Arabia using positive cultures` results from microbiology department. Results: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most prevalent microorganisms isolated from the patients. E. coli was the most isolated organism from patients with infections such as: COVID-19 fever, sepsis, urinary tract infections and wound infection. There was no significant change between 2019 and 2020 regarding AMR prevalence. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in the AMR before and during the COVID-19 era thus other large population studies must be conducted to evaluate worldwide evolution of AMR during COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among Border Guard Bangladesh Personnel

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-100
Author(s):  
Md Abdul Wahab ◽  
Md Mustafizur Rahman ◽  
Md Abdur Razzak ◽  
Md Habibur Rahman ◽  
Mimi Parvin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Ethnic Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifaceted syndrome comprises a cluster of metabolic abnormalities including hypertension, central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and is strongly associated with developing diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Prevalence of MetS differs in different ethnic population by using different definition. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of the MetS and its component risk factors among Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB) personnel working in Chattagram Hill Tract (CHT). Materials & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2016 to February 2018 among 1455 male BGB personnel aged between 40 to 59 years and working in CHT of Bangladesh. Study subjects were selected at BGB hospital, Guimara, Khagrachari. The new International Diabetes Federation (IDF) guidelines were used to identify MetS. Detail history, clinical examination, anthropometry and blood pressure (BP) were measured and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and lipid profile were assessed. Results: Among the 1455 respondents’ BMI, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic BP were found more than normal in 34.1, 37.7, 16.4% and 12.3% respectively. Biochemical parameters including FPG, TC, TG, and LDL-C was raised in 28.7%, 49.8%, 52.2% and 37.7% of respondents respectively. HDL-C was found decreased in 26.9% respondents. Age wise prevalence of MetS for age group 40-44, 45-49, 50-54 and 55- 59 years were found 21.3%, 21.7%, 24.1% and 26.1% of the respondents respectively. The overall prevalence of MetS was found 22.4%. Conclusion: The prevalence of the MetS in BGB personnel was found 22.4%. Appropriate measure should be taken to lower the MetS cases. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14 (2) 2018: 97-100

Correlation of lip profile preferences in Pakistani population; and its comparison with orthodontic norms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashim Bin Mansoor ◽  
Zahra Khalid ◽  
Abdullah Jan ◽  
Rumeesha Zaheer
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pakistani Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Difference Of Opinion ◽  
General Dentists ◽  
Group B ◽  
Treatment Seekers

Objective: To determine the most desired lip profile and compare the subjective sense of aesthetics among orthodontists, general dentists and the general population. Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Orthodontic Department of the Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from January 1 to February 25, 2020, and comprised different silhouettes for each gender with increasing lip procumbence from -6mm to +6mm with respect to Rickett’s E-line which were created using Photoshop CS 8.0 after cephalometric analysis of 20 cephalograms. The sample comprised an equal number of orthodontists in group A, general dentists in group B and orthodontic treatment-seekers in group C with equal representation of the two genders. Data was analysed using SPSS 24. Results: Of the 180 subjects, there were 60(33.3%) in each of the three groups, with 30(50%) males and as many females in all the groups. All the three groups preferred the average lip profile for males (p=0.018) and 2mm procumbent lips for females (p=0.008). There was significant difference of opinion between groups A and C (p=0.034) and between groups  B and C (p=0.022). Conclusion: There was found to be a marked difference of opinion among the orthodontists, the general dentists and the orthodontic treatment-seekers regarding the desired lip profile. Key Words: Aesthetics, Pakistani population, Cephalometrics, Lip profile. Continuous...

scholarly journals Outcome of Cold Knife Incision Compared to Diathermy Fulguration in Posterior Urethral Valve

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-127
Author(s):  
Mohan Khadka ◽  
AKM Anwarul Islam ◽  
Isteaq Ahmed Shameem ◽  
ASM Shafiul Azam ◽  
Md Golam Mowla Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Posterior Urethral Valve ◽  
Urinary Flow ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Urethral Valve ◽  
Cold Knife ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Posterior urethral valves are the most common cause of congenital obstructive lesion in the newborns and infant male child, occurring at the distal portion of the prostatic urethra. Diathermy fulguration of valve is one of the commonest modalities which has been practiced by Pediatric Urologist since decades where success rate ranging from 50-70%. Despite high success rate, post-operative complications like hematuria, urinary tract infections, urinary incontinence, retention of urine, residual valve and urethral stricture may develop in significant number of patients. Incision of the posterior urethral valve by cold knife is one of the modalities in the recent years with insignificant complications and good outcome with success rate ranging from 70-90%. Objective: To compare the efficacy of the cold knife with the diathermy fulguration in the management of the posterior urethral valve. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in Urology Department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh from 1st January 2017 till 1st September 2018. A total 48 patients, diagnosed as a case of PUV and who fulfill the selection criteria were divided randomly by simple lottery method into 2 groups consisting of 24 patients in each group. Valve ablation was performed under standard aseptic condition according to groups. Patients were followed up at 3 and 6 months of initial intervention. They were re-evaluated during the follow up with history, clinical examination and investigation findings. Their subjective outcome and objective findings were assessed and compared in between the two groups. Results: There was no significant difference in the age distribution in between the groups (p= 0.083). Within the group, all the variable parameters were significantly improved prior and after the intervention. But, in between the groups, after 6 months of intervention, there was no difference in improvement of urinary flow(p=0.695). Incontinence of urine was not significant (p=1.000). The drop of mean serum creatinine level was not significant (p=0.530). Decrease in Mean PVR was not significant (p=0.684). Maximum flow rate was not significantly improved (p= 0.255). Peri catheter bleeding and residual valve were not significant. Stricture urethra was not found in any patient in both groups. Conclusion: Comparing the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that cold knife incision is equally effective in comparison to diathermy fulguration in the management of posterior urethral valve. Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 22, No. 2, July 2019 p.118-127

scholarly journals Assessment of Toll Like receptor 2 Gene Polymorphism in Children with B Cell Defects and Respiratory Tract Infections

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N A A Mahana ◽  
S M Reda ◽  
T B Kamel ◽  
R A Elfeky ◽  
D M Erfan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Additional Risk Factor ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Acute respiratory tract infections are the most common illnesses in childhood. Respiratory defenses against infection involve a diverse and complex system. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a type of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), resulting in initiation of innate immune response and promotion of adaptive immunity. TLR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) impair the ability to respond properly to TLR ligands and increase susceptibility to infectious or inflammatory diseases. The aim of the work: To examine TLR2 Arginine 677Tryptophan (Arg 677Trp) and Arginine753Glutamine (Arg753Gln) gene polymorphisms in patients with recurrent or chronic respiratory tract infections with or without predominantly antibody deficiency (PAD). Subjects and methods: This cross-sectional case-control study included 30 patients with known PAD with/ or without respiratory tract infections, 20 non-PAD patients with recurrent chest infections and 20 age and sex-matched healthy controls. All children included in the study were subjected to full history taking, complete physical examination and laboratory investigations including CBC, serum immunoglobulins levels and genetic analysis of the TLR2 Arg677Trp and Arg753Gln polymorphisms. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest with contrast, pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid culture and sensitivity were performed to patients with recurrent and/or chronic chest infections. Results: There was a significant difference in the expression of Arg753Gln polymorphism (p 0.04) between PAD patients with and without recurrent chest infections. Patients with mutant or heterozygote state of this polymorphism had a short diagnosis lag (time elapsed between onset of symptoms and date of diagnosis). There was a significant relationship between this polymorphism and the duration of hospital admission (longer hospital stay in patients with mutant allele). A significant difference between non-PAD patients with recurrent chest infections and healthy controls regarding Arg 677 Trp polymorphism (p 0.04) was elicited. Conclusion: Our results suggest that Arg 677 Trp polymorphism could be a risk factor for increased susceptibility to recurrent and /or chronic respiratory tract infections in patients without PAD, while Arg753Gln polymorphism might be an additional risk factor for severe infections in PAD patients.

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF MISWAK AS COMPARED WITH TOOTHBRUSH: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1582-84
Author(s):  
Hassam Anjum Mir ◽  
Mubashir Sharif ◽  
Ali Asif ◽  
Maleeha Shamim ◽  
Maaz Qureshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Index Score ◽  
Plaque Index ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Objective: To determine if the traditional chewing stick Miswak was as effective in cleaning teeth as Toothbrush. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi, from Aug 2020 to Jan 2021. Methodology: A total of 300 subjects were included which were divided in two groups on the basis of whether they used miswak or toothbrush as a cleaning aid. Group A was toothbrush users and group B was Miswak user. Plaque Index was used to determine the cleanliness of teeth. The scores were recorded and data analyzed using SPSS-23. Results: The means and standard deviations of Plaque Index score for group A and B were 0.96 ± 0.58 and 0.98 ± 0.56 respectively. The comparison of Plaque Index score for both groups was insignificant with the p-value of 0.083. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it is concluded that, no significant difference was found in the effectiveness of traditional miswak and tooth brush. It is recommended that if the technique of teeth cleaning is good then any of the abovementioned means of teeth cleaning can be used.

scholarly journals Comparison of Oral Stereognostic Proficiency Between New and Previous Complete Denture Wearers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Saira Ibrahim ◽  
Moiza Ijaz ◽  
Ammara Sharafat ◽  
Samina Younis ◽  
Nida Mukhtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Complete Denture ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Proficiency Scores

Objective: To compare oral stereognostic proficiency scores between new and previous complete denture wearers. Study design and study settings: This cross-sectional study design was conducted at Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi. Methodology: Total 60 patients belonging to age group of 45–75 years were selected from the study setting. Oral stereognostic proficiency was recorded by using different oral stereognostic intra oral testing tools and scores were noted. Data analysis was done using SPSS (version 20) software. Independent sample t-test was used to compare the scores of new and old previous complete denture wearers. Effect modifier like gender was rectified by method of stratification. Post stratification independent sample t-test was applied and p value of 0.05 or less was considered to be significant. Results: The mean age of patients was 59.8+7.85 years. Previous complete denture wearers were found to have a higher value as compared to the new complete denture wearers. Significant difference between both groups according to age was found with older individuals having a lower stereognostic value than younger individuals. Conclusions: Oral stereognostic test is a dependable test to measure patients’ oral stereognostic perception which can help the dentist in better educating the patient in terms of his/her expectations regarding the prosthesis and in better understanding the limitations of the prosthesis

scholarly journals Use of Complementary Alternative Medicine and the Associated Factors among Patients with Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hamide Ashraf ◽  
Alireza Salehi ◽  
Malihe Sousani ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Sharifi
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Alternative Medicine ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Complementary Alternative Medicine ◽  
Psychiatric Clinic ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cam Use

Complementary Alternative Medicine (CAM) has been widely used in the world, but limited data are available on the use of CAM in depression. This study aimed to evaluate the use of CAM and its associated factors in depression. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 depressed patients referred to the Yasuj Neurology and Psychiatric Clinic, southern Iran, between 2019 and 2020. A valid semistructured international questionnaire was used; amongst the participants, 230 (77%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 41.47 ± 12.2 years and the mean duration of the disease was 4.49 ± 4.88 years. The prevalence of CAM use was 37.6% among the patients. The results showed a significant difference between the CAM users and nonusers regarding the disease duration ( p = 0.045 ) and body mass index ( p = 0.007 ). Moreover, the results of logistic regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between CAM use and female gender, disease duration, overweight, obesity, and self-employment ( p = 0.039 , p = 0.028 , p = 0.029 , p = 0.048 , and p = 0.044 , resp.). The most frequently used type of CAM was herbal medicine (97.35%) followed by pray therapy (23.89%). Additionally, the most widely used herbs were borage (77%), chamomile (46.9%), and lavender (21.2%). Furthermore, 62.8% of the patients reported that their main reason for using CAM was its effectiveness. The majority of the patients (77%) had not consulted their physicians prior to utilization of CAM therapies. Herbal medicine was the most common form of CAM in depression, with a high satisfaction level. Thus, it is necessary to increase physicians’ awareness in different fields of CAM.

Evaluation of Mandibular Ridge Lingual Concavity Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Moiza Ijaz ◽  
Saira Ibrahim ◽  
Ayesha Aslam ◽  
Abdul Rehman ◽  
Sameena Younis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pre Treatment

Objective: To evaluate the type and depth of lingual concavity in posterior mandible using pre-treatment CBCT (Cone Beam Computed Tomography) images for dental implants. Study Design and Setting: A cross-sectional study was designed and conducted on pre-treatment CBCT scans of 75 patients at Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi, Pakistan from February 2018 to November 2018. Methodology: Pre-treatment CBCT scans of 75 patients were selected and following parameters were measured: type of ridge (undercut, parallel, convex), ridge width, ridge height, depth of lingual concavity, concavity angle, and location of the undercut. Data was analyzed using SPSS version .24. Post-stratification Mann-Whitney U test was used for effect modifiers, while Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare study parameters between groups. P value <0.05 was taken as significant. Results: A mean concavity depth of 1.17±1.40 mm was observed while majority (46.7%) of the CBCT images presented with undercut type ridge. No significant difference was observed between males and females for any study parameter. Conclusion: Undercut ridges were frequently observed, posing a threat of lingual perforation during implant placement. Pre-operative assessment of implant site using CBCT can serve as a reliable method to avoid such complications

scholarly journals Diabetes mellitus and Urinary Tract Infection: Spectrum of Uropathogens and their Antibiotic Sensitivity

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhruba Acharya ◽  
B Bogati ◽  
GT Shrestha ◽  
P Gyawali
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tract Infections

The incidence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) is common in both diabetic and non diabetic patients. Since the microorganisms causing UTI vary in their susceptibility to antimicrobials from place to place and time to time, hence constant screening of trends and susceptibility pattern of predominant   organisms against antimicrobials is essential. The study aims to determine the spectrum of  ropathogens and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in both diabetic and non diabetic patients with clinically suspected UTI .A prospective cross sectional study was conducted during period of February 2013 to July 2013 among 90 diabetic and 90 non diabetic patients attending Dhulikhel Hospital-Kathmandu University Hospital,  Dhulikhel, Kavre (DH-KUH). All samples and isolates were investigated by standard laboratory rocedures. A total of 55 (30.5%) samples showed significant growth. No significant difference among culture positivity rate was noted between diabetic and non diabetic patients (34.5% Vs 26.7%). Escherichia coli was the most frequent organism (64.5% in diabetic and 66.7% non diabetic) followed by Klebsiella sps (22.6% in diabetic and 12.5% in non diabetic). Gentamycin and nitrofurantoin were highly sensitive to E. coli isolated in diabetic patients among the tested antimicrobials followed by  otrimoxazole, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Least sensitivity rate was observed with ampicillin and cephalexin. However, no difference was noted on the sensitivity pattern of the antimicrobials among E. coli isolated between diabetic and non diabetic patients. In this study high proportion of gram negative bacilli with predominant uropathogen being E. coli was noted. Irrespective of the status of diabetes, Staphylococcus sps and Pseudomonas sps were not isolated from UTI patients in our study. The isolation of organisms and their resistance pattern was almost similar between diabetic and non diabetic patients.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmmihs.v1i4.11998Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health SciencesVol. 1, Issue 4, 2015Page : 24-28

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