scholarly journals USTAZ ABU BAKAR AL-BAQIR: ULAMA DAN PEJUANG KEMERDEKAAN TANAH MELAYU

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAMARUL AFENDEY BIN HAMIMI ◽  
AHMAD ZULLAILI BIN ZAMRI
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Religious Leader ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
British Rule ◽  
National Archives ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of

Kertas kerja ini menganalisis peranan Ustaz Abu Bakar al-Baqir iaitu lama reformis tempatan yang konsisten menentang British sehingga terpenjara pada 1948. Beliau turut menubuhkan Maahad al-Ehya Assyariff untuk memodenkan sistem pendidikan pondok di samping meniupkan semangat kemerdekaan kepada pelajar dan masyarakat di sekelilingnya. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengetengahkan sumbangan Ustaz Abu Bakar al-Baqir sebagai seorang ulama dan pejuang kemerdekaan menentang British sekitar 1934 sehingga 1957 di Perak. Kajian ini berbentuk historiografi yang menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis kandungan. Dua jenis sumber digunakan dalam kajian ini iaitu sumber primer dan sekunder. Sumber primer adalah seperti mendapatkan dokumen dan fail di Arkib Negara Malaysia, sumber pejabat kolonial British di samping menemu bual ahli keluarga dan murid Ustaz Abu Bakar al-Baqir. Sumber sekunder pula diperoleh melalui buku, surat khabar dan kertas kerja seminar yang berkaitan dengan perjuangan beliau. Hasil kajian mendapati para pelajarnya terdedah dengan semangat kemerdekaan ini ekoran guru-guru reformis dari Indonesia yang terdedah dengan perjuangan menentang Belanda mengajar di Maahad al-Ehya Assyariff. Selain itu, hubungan baik Ustaz Abu Bakar al-Baqir dengan Ibrahim Yaakub selaku penggerak Kesatuan Melayu Muda (KMM) dan Dr. Burhanuddin al-Helmy yang memimpin Parti Kebangsaan Melayu Muda (PKMM) menjadikan Maahad al-Ehya Assyariff sebagai markas politik menentang British sehingga tertubuhnya Parti Hizbul Muslimin di bawah pimpinan Ustaz Abu Bakar al-Baqir. Kata kunci: Maahad al-Ehya Assyariff, Hizbul Muslimin, British, Kaum Muda, Parti Kebangsaan Melayu Malaya (PKMM), Kesatuan Melayu Muda (KMM). This paper attempts to analyze the role played by Ustaz Abu Bakar al-Baqir, a local reformist religious leader who consistently opposed the British until he was imprisoned by them in 1948. He established the Maahad al-Ehya Assyariff with the aim of modernizing the religious education system besides stoking the spirit of freedom among his students and the society around him. The objective of this study is to highlight the contributions of Ustaz Abu Bakar al-Baqir as a religious leader as well as a freedom fighter who opposed British rule in Perak from around 1934 until 1957. This is a historiographical research which uses qualitative methodology with a content analysis approach. Two different sources of information are used for this study namely primary and secondary sources. Primary sources include documents and files from the Malaysian National Archives and official documents from the British Colonial office, besides interviewing family members as well as former students of Ustaz Abu Bakar al-Baqir. On the other hand, secondary sources include books, newspapers and seminar report relating to his struggle. The findings of the study show that his students were exposed to the struggle for Independence through the direct influence of the reformist teachers from Indonesia who were teaching at the Maahad al-Ehya Assyariff. These teachers had already been involved in the fight against the Dutch colonialists in Indonesia. In addition to this, the close relationship of Ustaz Abu Bakar al-Baqir with Ibrahim Yaakub, the primemover of Kesatuan Melayu Muda (KMM) and Dr. Burhanuddin al-Helmy, the leader of Parti Kebangsaan Melayu Muda (PKMM), projected Maahadal-Ehya Assyariff as the political front that opposed British rule until the founding of the Parti Hizbul Muslimin under the leadership of Ustaz Abu Bakar al-Baqir. Keywords: Maahad al-Ehya Assyariff, Hizbul Muslimin, British, Kaum Muda, Malay Nationalist Party (MNP), Young Malays Union.

scholarly journals ¿ESCUELA O NO ESCUELA? NOMENCLATURA Y PEDAGOGÍA DE LAS INSTITUCIONES DE EDUCACIÓN PARA NIÑOS DE 0 A 6 AÑOS EN MÉXICO

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Elida Lucila Campos Alba
Keyword(s):  
Primary Sources ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Social Imaginary ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Social ◽  
De Se ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Cultura Escolar ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Formación Docente

El texto analiza la nomenclatura que han recibido las instituciones educativas para niños menores de seis años desde su aparición en México en 1880 a la fecha visibilizando la estrecha relación de estos nombres con el tipo de pedagogía y metodología utilizada así como con el contexto político-social del país; desde los ejes de la cultura escolar utilizando fuentes primarias, secundarias y entrevistas. Reflexionando sobre la pertinencia de considerar o no, “escuela” a este nivel educativo, pues el término oficial “pre – escolar” lo niega, teniendo implicaciones en la asignación de recursos, la formación docente y la importancia en el imaginario social. ESCOLA OU NÃO ESCOLA? NOMENCLATURA E PEDAGOGIA DAS INSTITUIÇÕES DE EDUCAÇÃO PARA CRIANÇAS DE 0 A 6 ANOS NO MÉXICO Resumo: o texto analisa a nomenclatura que as instituições de ensino receberam para crianças menores de seis anos desde sua aparição no México em 1880 até hoje, tornando visível a estreita relação desses nomes com o tipo de pedagogia e metodologia utilizada, bem como, com o contexto sociopolítico do país; os eixos da cultura escolar e utilizando fontes primárias, secundárias e entrevistas. Refletindo assim a relevância de se considerar ou não, "escola" esse nível educacional, como o termo oficial "pré-escolar" nega, e assim tem implicações na alocação de recursos, na formação de professores e na importância para o imaginário social. SCHOOL OR NOT SCHOOL? NOMENCLATURE AND PEDAGOGY OF INSTITUTIONS OF EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN FROM 0 TO 6 YEARS IN MEXICO Abstract: the text analyzes the nomenclature that educational institutions have received for children under six years of age since their appearance in Mexico in 1880 to date, making visible the close relationship of these names with the type of pedagogy and methodology used as well as with the socio-political context from the country; from the axes of the school culture using primary sources, secondary sources and interviews. Reflecting on the relevance of considering or not, "school" at this educational level, as the official term "pre - school" denies it, having implications in the allocation of resources, teacher training and importance in the social imaginary.

scholarly journals The Ecological and Ethical Consumption Development Prospects in Poland Compared with the Western European Countries

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Koszewska
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Ethical Consumption ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Western European ◽  
Polish Economy ◽  
Development Prospects

An overview of the Western European literature shows that one of the most distinct trends in consumption that has been noted in the recent years is globally increasing environmental and social awareness. The issue of consumers' behaviours and attitudes towards "socially responsible products" has been gaining importance in Polish economy as well. This article evaluates the development prospects of ethical and ecological consumption in Poland vis-a-vis Western European countries. The comparative analysis being part of the article utilizes primary sources of information, i.e. interviews with a representative sample of Polish adults, as well as secondary sources of information. A factor analysis or, more precisely, a principal component analysis, allowed dividing Polish consumers into groups that were typologically homogeneous in respect of their sensitivity to various aspects of business ethics and ecology.

Reassessing the contents and context of governance in Asia: recognizing achievements

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Shafiqul Huque
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Ranking Countries

Purpose Good governance has been declared as the key target of most Asian governments, but it appears to be an unattainable objective. The purpose of this paper is to explore the potentials for establishing governance across Asian countries. Drawing upon the literature and experience of Asian countries, the study argues that governance represents an unclear state that is rooted more in perception than reality. An extensive review of the indicators of governance reveals the anomaly and unorganized efforts to measure it, and points to the need for recognizing accomplishments in areas that are not directly or indirectly covered in the existing schemes of assessment. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on a broad review of the literature on governance and political systems in Asian countries. Existing arrangements for assessing governance are critically reviewed to point out the risks in a perception-dependent approach. Secondary sources and insight obtained from relevant research constitute the data analyzed in the paper. Findings The paper finds that the target of good governance cannot be fully achieved due to the significant diversity across Asian countries as well as varied perceptions held by assessors. Stakeholders have different perceptions about the requirements and ideal of governance and existing tools for measuring governance are inadequate. Most importantly, assessment frameworks do not recognize contextual dimensions that are relevant to Asian countries. Furthermore, it is important to recognize efforts that are aimed at improving conditions instead of working toward an absolute outcome of governance. Recognition of small successes will contribute to the improvement of circumstances rather than ranking countries on the basis of a limited number of perception-based indicators and listing them on international indices. Research limitations/implications The paper does not draw upon primary sources of information and is limited to an assessment of existing arrangements. Practical implications The paper will help draw attention to the limitations of existing arrangements of assessing countries and ranking them for the quality of governance. It will also encourage researchers to think about alternative tools for assessing governance and recognizing progress in Asian countries. Social implications The paper will encourage governments to identify obstacles to good governance and adopt policies to overcome them. Originality/value The paper contributes to the literature presenting a critical view for encouraging alternative approach to governance, incorporating perceptions of diverse stakeholders and highlights the need to recognize progress, however limited, in all areas.

scholarly journals De la educación religiosa a la educación laica en el currículum oficial de instrucción primaria en México (1821-1917)

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Adelina Arredondo
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Legislative History ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Official Curriculum ◽  
History Of

The history of the curriculum is a window to observe the changes and permanences of the school and of the educational system as a whole and for understanding social transformations. The aim of this article is to explain how the curriculum of the primary school (Mexico of the nineteenth century) was changed from one centred on Catholic formation towards a secular curriculum. The school curriculum was one of the spearheads to build the state and society projects imagined by the different groups fighting for the control of power. I described how religious education was officially promoted, notwithstanding the political ups and downs that led to differentiate educational policies in federal systems and centralist regimes. Later, I explain how religious education was omitted from the official curriculum, replacing the space with courses of laic morals, with the consequent difficulty of introducing a new subject. Then I analyse how political circumstances led to a radicalization of liberal positions and to the prohibition not only of religious content, but also of symbols, rites and persons linked with religious vows. Finally, secular education, understood in a complex way, began to be demanded not only in public schools but also in private schools. Due to the nature of this article and the spatial limitations I have privileged the follow-up of the legislative history of education, based on primary sources and secondary sources for the understanding of the different contexts that determine this long journey.

scholarly journals Procession Of Pujawali Mupuk Kembang At Pura Agung Banjar Adat Gegadon: Hindu Religion Edudcation Values

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Ni Made Rai Setyawati ◽  
I Made Suastika ◽  
Made Iwan Indrawan Jendra
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Value Theory ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Hindu Religion ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The World ◽  
Religious Theory ◽  
The Temple

<p>One of the ways taken by Hindu people to keep the harmony and prosperity in the world is by performing  <em>yajña</em>. It is being exercised by <em>krama</em> Custom  Banjar of  Gegadon Kapal by conducting a <em>ritual</em> of  <em>pujawali  </em><em> </em>at the Great Temple of Custom <em>Banjar</em> Gegadon. The temple is a small temple but enthroned by Ida Ratu Gede Sakti. The <em>Pujawali  </em><em> </em>is performed exactly on the day of <em>budha</em> <em>kliwon</em><em> </em><em>wuku Pahang</em>.  This research discusses: (1) The form of procession of <em>Pujawali   Mupuk Kembang </em> at the Great Temple of Custom <em>Banjar</em> Gegadon, Village of Kapal, District of Mengwi, Regency of  Badung. (2) The function of procession practice of <em>Pujawali   Mupuk Kembang </em> at the Temple (3) The Hindu religious education valuecontained in the procession.The theories being used in this research includ: 1) Structural functional theory, 2)Religious Theory, 3) Value Theory. The  type  of the research  is descriptive qualitative. The primary sources for the data are  congregation figures,  religious figures andpublic figures, and its secondary sources are in the form of research results of books, articles, which are related with  <em>pujawali  </em><em> </em>practice. The research instrument is interview guideline by using purposive technique, observation and documentation, the analysis technique, descriptive. The result of the research can be concluded as follows: (1) The procession of  <em>Pujawali   Mupuk Kembang </em>  is a series of  <em>pujawali  </em><em> </em><em>ritual</em> from the beginning until the endwhich is closed with <em>nyineb</em> ceremony, (2) The function of  <em>pujawali  </em><em> </em>consists of education, social, and religious function, (3) The values contained within <em>pujawali  </em><em> </em>procession is Hindu Religious education values namely <em>tattva</em>, ethic and ceremony.</p>

scholarly journals Sustainable Resin Tapping in Nepal: Challenges and Opportunities (A case from Salyan District)

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-179
Author(s):  
Dhananjaya Paudyal
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Community Forest User Groups ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Forest User

This paper attempts to explore a case from Salyan district on resin tapping and its contribution to local and national economy. Resin tapping and its related activities like extraction, collection and transportation are one of the major sources of employment for a large number of rural poor people. Based on the quantity of resin collected and exported outside the district, revenue is generated to central as well as local government and Community Forest User Groups (CFUGs). In the mean time, some issues and challenges have been identified at local level regarding the sustainability of resin tapping. It, therefore, concludes that some practical measures are necessary to overcome the issues and challenges so that resin tapping could be done in a sustainable manner. Sources of information of this paper are records of District Forest Office and rosin companies and net surfing as secondary sources; field observation, interviews with CFUGs and resin collectors as primary sources. Key Words: Pine forests, Resin tapping, Sustainability, Revenue, Employment, Nepal DOI: 10.3126/init.v2i1.2540 The Initiation Vol.2(1) 2008 pp172-179

scholarly journals THE 2019 GENERAL ELECTION AND THE POLITICS OF INCONCLUSIVE ELECTION IN NIGERIA: A REVIEW OF THE AFFECTED STATES

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-124
Author(s):  
Babayo Sule ◽  
Usman Sambo
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
General Election ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Interview Participant ◽  
Minimum Criteria ◽  
Gubernatorial Election

Elections are usually accompanied with controversies and irregularities in Nigeria emanating from several factors such as the procedures, regulations, nature of political culture and political gameplay in the country and elites’ attitudes towards power. The 2019 Gubernatorial election in Nigeria was enshrouded in controversies, malpractices and inconsistencies because of the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) guidelines for the conduct of election which provided for inconclusive elections in some circumstances. This study examined critically some states in Nigeria that are affected by the politics of inconclusive elections where the elections were extended for additional two weeks due to some issues that could not allow for the final declaration after the first date of the election. The inconclusive election heralded several problems and a setback to election in Nigeria because of recorded violence, malpractices, rigging and other related obstacles. The research employed a qualitative methodology of data collection and analysis. Both primary and secondary sources were used for data collection. The primary sources involved an in-depth interview, participant observation and reference to INEC’s documented data. The secondary data used were books, journals, newspapers, internet sources and reports. The data collected were discussed using content analysis for analytical interpretations. The study discovered that the guideline for the conduct of the 2019 General Election which stipulated for the provision of inconclusive election created several inconclusive elections in some states like Adamawa, Bauchi, Benue, Kano, Plateau and Sokoto which later was followed by irregularities and violence. The work recommends among others that such criteria should be abandoned and declare any contestant that fulfill the minimum criteria as returned elected.

scholarly journals Confirming the Existence of the Kingdom: The Efforts of Territorial Consolidation and Formation of Cultural Identity During the Reign of Hamengku Buwana I, 1755 – 1792

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Sutarwinarno Sutarwinarno ◽  
Agustinus Supriyono ◽  
Dhanang Respati Puguh
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Peace Agreement ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
National Archives ◽  
Puppet Show ◽  
The Republic

This article discusses the efforts of territorial Consolidation and formation of cultural identity during the reign of Hamengku Buwana I. This article is written using the historical method and utilizing primary sources in the form of VOC archives stored in the National Archives of the Republic of Indonesia and Java manuscripts stored in Yogyakarta Sultanate, as well as secondary sources in the form of articles and books. After Giyanti Agreement in 1755, Sultan Hamengku Buwana I attempted to consolidate his territory through negotiation, dispute settlement and law enforcement in order to preserve the sovereignty and territorial integrity of his kingdom. He also developed Ringgit Swargen, Yogyakarta style leather puppets that have the different shape from Surakarta style leather puppets developed by Surakarta Sunanate as one of the cultural identity of Yogyakarta Sultanate. The leather puppet show was used to control the areas that were in the territory of the Sultanate of Yogyakarta, as the leather puppet show performed outside the palace must obtain permission from the palace puppet master. The efforts of Sultan Hamengku Buwana I failed, due to the conflict that caused the war destroyed the boundaries and the peace agreement that had been made. 

scholarly journals OBTENÇÃO DE VANTAGENS COMPETITIVAS EM TECNOLOGIA DA INFORMAÇÃO: ESTUDO DE MÚLTIPLOS CASOS EM EMPRESAS INTERNACIONALIZADAS DOI:10.7444/fsrj.v1i2.12

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-66
Author(s):  
Eduardo Armando ◽  
Adalberto Américo Fischmann
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Technology Firms ◽  
Information Technology Firms ◽  
Sustainable Competitive Advantages

This research studies how the studied firms gain sustainable competitive advantages (SCAs). The issue has been studied in the literature on business strategy: the challenge for managers is to identify, develop, protect and use resources and skills that provide the firm with SCAs. Eight cases were studied. All concerned Information Technology firms that sell to other companies. The variables used were qualitative. Data was collected from primary and secondary sources of information. The primary sources consisted of the studied firms, where interviews with management were held. The main results are: (1) One firm develops products abroad and this aspect is a competitive advantage. (2) There are cases that resort to a model that provides them with great operating flexibility. (3) One firm obtained SCAs by developing a strategy whereby it implemented a franchise model for development and distribution. The franchise system encourages entrepreneurial behavior among the franchisees. (4) One case gained a competitive advantage through the complexity and sophistication of its products. (5) Some of the cases searched for market niches that were less exposed to competition.Key-words: Strategic management. Strategic planning. Advanced Technology firms. Management of multinationals. 

scholarly journals Attitudes of Young Consumers on the Security of their Data Collected By Smart Devices in the Age of the Internet of Things

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-38
Author(s):  
Beata Kolny
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Young Consumers ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Abstract The popularity of smart devices that collect and share data on user behaviour grows every year, and the number of such devices in households is forecast to rise steadily. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to present the attitudes of young consumers regarding the security of their data collected by smart devices, interconnected via the existing Internet infrastructure or other network technologies within the Internet of Things (IoT) systems. The paper was written based on both secondary and primary sources of information. Secondary sources were used to define the discussed issues related to the Internet of Things and the security of data collected by smart devices. Primary sources, on the other hand, offered direct evidence of the attitudes of young consumers on the security of such data. Direct research was carried out using an online survey carried out in 2021 on a sample of 588 consumers aged 18–34 living in Poland. The results show that more than half of the respondents pay great attention to where the data collected by the devices used in their households is kept and whether such data is safe. In spite of such declarations, more than half of those surveyed have no knowledge about the level of the security of such data. The respondents agreed with the statement that consumers accepted the uncertainty related to the loss of control over their personal data collected by smart devices more quickly than the risk involved in becoming disconnected from them.

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